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Shindo Scale
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Seismic Intensity Scale (known in Japan as the Shindo seismic scale) is a seismic intensity scale used in Japan to categorize the intensity of local ground shaking caused by earthquakes. The JMA intensity scale should not be confused or conflated with magnitude measurements like the moment magnitude (Mw) and the earlier Richter scales, which represent how much energy an earthquake releases. Much like the Mercalli scale, the JMA scheme quantifies how much ground-surface shaking takes place ''at measurement sites distributed throughout an affected area''. Intensities are expressed as numerical values called ; the higher the value, the more intense the shaking. Values are derived from peak ground acceleration and duration of the shaking, which are themselves influenced by factors such as distance to and depth of the hypocenter, hypocenter (focus), local soil conditions, and nature of the geology in between, as well as the event's magnitude ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earthquake-resistant Structures
Earthquake-resistant or aseismic structures are designed to protect buildings to some or greater extent from earthquakes. While no structure can be entirely immune to damage from earthquakes, the goal of earthquake-resistant construction is to erect structures that fare better during seismic activity than their conventional counterparts. According to building codes, earthquake-resistant structures are intended to withstand the largest earthquake of a certain probability that is likely to occur at their location. This means the loss of life should be minimized by preventing collapse of the buildings for rare earthquakes while the loss of the functionality should be limited for more frequent ones. To combat earthquake destruction, the only method available to ancient architects was to build their landmark structures to last, often by making them excessively stiff and strong. Currently, there are several design philosophies in earthquake engineering, making use of experimental r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ichinomiya, Hyōgo (Tsuna)
was a town located in Tsuna District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. On April 1, 2005, Ichinomiya, along with the towns of Awaji, Higashiura, Hokudan and Tsuna (all from Tsuna District), was merged to create the city of Awaji and no longer exists as an independent municipality. The town has no special relationship with another Ichinomiya in Hyogo Prefecture. Ichinomiya literally means "the first shrine" of the province. In case of this town, it is the Izanagi Shrine of the Awaji Province was an old province of Japan covering Awaji Island, between Honshū and Shikoku. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Awaji''" in . Today it is part of Hyōgo Prefecture. It is sometimes called . Awaji is divided into three municipal secti .... External links Official website of Awajiin Japanese Dissolved municipalities of Hyōgo Prefecture Awaji, Hyōgo {{Hyogo-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hokudan, Hyōgo
was a town located in Tsuna District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,917 and a density of 194.18 persons per km2. The total area was 51.07 km2. On April 1, 2005, Hokudan, along with the towns of Awaji, Higashiura and Ichinomiya and Tsuna (all from Tsuna District), was merged to create the city of Awaji and no longer exists as an independent municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go .... External links Official website of Awajiin Japanese Dissolved municipalities of Hyōgo Prefecture Awaji, Hyōgo {{Hyogo-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsuna, Hyōgo
was a town located in Tsuna District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 16,395 and a density of 296.90 persons per km2. The total area was 55.22 km2. On April 1, 2005, Tsuna, along with the towns of Awaji, Higashiura, Hokudan and Ichinomiya (all from Tsuna District), was merged to create the city of Awaji and no longer exists as an independent municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go .... Points of interest * Kiseki No Hoshi Greenhouse External links Official website of Awajiin Japanese Dissolved municipalities of Hyōgo Prefecture Awaji, Hyōgo {{Hyogo-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Takarazuka, Hyōgo
270px, Takarazuka City Hall 270px, Aerial view of Takarazuka city center The kanji (UTF-8 code FA1016), which is part of Takarazuka's official name (), is not available on all systems. (It can be entered in Wikipedia with HTML character 塚.) When not available, the kanji (UTF-8 code 585A16, HTML character 塚) is used as a substitute, rendering Takarazuka as . () is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 224,054 in 96463 households and a population density of 2200 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Known as the "inner parlor" of Kansai, Takarazuka is famous for the Takarazuka Revue, hot springs, and the Takarazuka Tourism Fireworks Display held since 1913. It is also famous as a choice residential area along with Ashiya and Nishinomiya. Geography Takarazuka is located in the northern part of the Hanshin area, surrounded by the Rokko Range to the west and the Nagao mountain range to the nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashiya, Hyōgo
270px, Ashiya City Hall 270px, Tanizaki Junichiro Memorial Museum 270px, Ashiya seen from Ashiya Station is a city in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 95,485 in 45562 households and a population density of 5200 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Geography Ashiya is located between Kobe and Nishinomiya, and is the second smallest municipality in Hyōgo Prefecture. The ground gentle slopes from the Rokko Mountains in the north to Osaka Bay in the south. It has a reputation as a high-end residential area, especially in the Hirata-cho and Matsuhama-cho neighborhoods, and in the northern end of the city. Neighbouring municipalities Hyōgo Prefecture * Higashinada-ku, Kobe *Nishinomiya Climate Ashiya has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light snowfall. The average annual temperature in Ashiya is 14.6 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1578 mm with Septe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nishinomiya
270px, Nishinomiya City Hall 270px, Aerial view of Nishinomiya city center 270px, Hirota Shrine is a city located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 484,368 in 218948 households and a population density of 4800 persons per km². The total area of the city is . Nishinomiya is an important commercial and shipping city in the Kansai region with the third largest population in Hyōgo Prefecture. Nishinomiya is best known as the home of Kōshien Stadium, where the Hanshin Tigers baseball team plays home games and where Japan's annual high school baseball championship is held. Geography Nishinomiya is located in southeast Hyōgo Prefecture between the cities of Kobe and Osaka. It is bordered by Osaka Bay to the south, the cities of Amagasaki, Itami and Takarazuka along the Mukogawa and Nigawa rivers to the east and by a part of the Rokkō Mountains and Kobe to the north. The city can be divided into two areas: a mountainous area in the north ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kobe
Kobe ( , ; officially , ) is the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture Japan. With a population around 1.5 million, Kobe is Japan's seventh-largest city and the third-largest port city after Tokyo and Yokohama. It is located in Kansai region, which makes up the southern side of the main island of Honshū, on the north shore of Osaka Bay. It is part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kyoto. The Kobe city centre is located about west of Osaka and southwest of Kyoto. The earliest written records regarding the region come from the '' Nihon Shoki'', which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201.Ikuta Shrine official website – "History of Ikuta Shrine" (Japanese) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Seismological Centre
The International Seismological Centre (ISC) is a non-governmental, nonprofit organisation charged with the final collection, definitive analysis and publication of global seismicity. The ISC was formed in 1964 as an international organisation independent of national governments that would carry on the work of the International Seismological Summary in collecting and analyzing seismic data from around the world, and particularly to handle increased flow of data from the World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN), also established that year. The ISC considers its prime task to be the collection and re-analysis of all available earthquake seismic date in order to produce definitive data on earthquakes. The ISC's catalog is considered "the most complete and authoritative final depository of global earthquake parameter data." Purpose The main scientific goal of the Centre is the definitive compilation of earthquake information and the readings on which they are based. Collecti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seismic Magnitude Scales
Seismic magnitude scales are used to describe the overall strength or "size" of an earthquake. These are distinguished from seismic intensity scales that categorize the intensity or severity of ground shaking (quaking) caused by an earthquake at a given location. Magnitudes are usually determined from measurements of an earthquake's seismic waves as recorded on a seismogram. Magnitude scales vary on what aspect of the seismic waves are measured and how they are measured. Different magnitude scales are necessary because of differences in earthquakes, the information available, and the purposes for which the magnitudes are used. Earthquake magnitude and ground-shaking intensity The Earth's crust is stressed by tectonic forces. When this stress becomes great enough to rupture the crust, or to overcome the friction that prevents one block of crust from slipping past another, energy is released, some of it in the form of various kinds of seismic waves that cause ground-shaking, o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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