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Shen Shixing
Shen Shixing (1535-1614) was a Chinese politician of the Ming dynasty born in Changzhou County, South Zhili (present-day Suzhou). Due to Zhang Juzheng's help, he was appointed the Ministry of Rites, Minister of Rites and afterwards Ministry of Personnel, Minister of Personnel and Grand Secretary of the Jianji Hall during the reign of Emperor Wanli, Wanli. He later acted as the Senior Grand Secretary, the de facto Grand Chancellor of Ming, tried to mediate between the emperor and other ministers and took part in the drafting of Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty. See also * 1587, a Year of No Significance References Senior Grand Secretaries of the Ming dynasty People from Suzhou Ming dynasty calligraphers {{China-politician-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han Chinese, Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump state, rump regimes ruled by remnants of the House of Zhu, Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the naval history of China, navy's dockyards in Nanjin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Zhili
South Zhili, formerly romanized as or simply discussed under various romanizations of Nanjing, was a province of Imperial China, under the Ming dynasty. It was established around the "reserve capital" Nanjing and included parts of the modern provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui, as well as the direct-administered municipality of Shanghai. Under the Qing dynasty, Nanjing lost its status as the "second capital" and Southern Zhili was reconstituted as the smaller province of Jiangnan, while North Zhili became Zhili Province. See also * Zhili * North Zhili North Zhili, formerly romanized as , was a province of Imperial China in Ming dynasty. It was composed of the modern provinces of Hebei, the direct-administered municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, as well as a small parts of Henan and Shan ... References Former provinces of China History of Jiangsu History of Shanghai History of Anhui {{china-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Suzhou
Suzhou (; ; Suzhounese: ''sou¹ tseu¹'' , Mandarin: ), alternately romanized as Soochow, is a major city in southern Jiangsu province, East China. Suzhou is the largest city in Jiangsu, and a major economic center and focal point of trade and commerce. Administratively, Suzhou is a prefecture-level city with a population of 6,715,559 in the city proper, and a total resident population of 12,748,262 as of the 2020 census in its administrative area. The city jurisdiction area's north waterfront is on a lower reach of the Yangtze whereas it has its more focal south-western waterfront on Lake Tai – crossed by several waterways, its district belongs to the Yangtze River Delta region. Suzhou is now part of the Greater Shanghai metro area, incorporating most of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou urban districts plus Kunshan and Taicang, with a population of more than 38,000,000 residents as of 2020. Its urban population grew at an unprecedented rate of 6.5% between 2000 and 2014, which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhang Juzheng
Zhang Juzheng (; 26 May 1525 – 9 July 1582), courtesy name Shuda (), pseudonym Taiyue (), was a Chinese politician who served as Senior Grand Secretary () in the late Ming dynasty during the reigns of the Longqing and Wanli emperors. He represented what might be termed the "new Legalism", aiming to ensure that the gentry worked for the state. Alluding to performance evaluations, he said: "Everyone is talking about real responsibility, but without a clear reward and punishment system, who is going to risk life and hardship for the country?" One of his chief goals was to reform the gentry and rationalize the bureaucracy together with his political rival Gao Gong, who was concerned that offices were providing income with little responsibility. Taking the Hongwu Emperor as his standard and ruling as de facto Prime Minister, Zhang's true historical significance comes from his centralization of existing reforms, positioning the reformative agency of the state over that of the gentr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Rites
The Ministry or Board of Rites was one of the Six Ministries of government in late imperial China. It was part of the imperial Chinese government from the Tang (7th century) until the 1911 Xinhai Revolution. Along with religious rituals and court ceremonial the Ministry of Rites also oversaw the imperial examination and China's foreign relations. A Ministry of Rites also existed in imperial Vietnam. One of its tasks was enforcing the naming taboo. History Under the Han, similar functions were performed by the Ministry of Ceremonies. In early medieval China, its functions were performed by other officials including the Grand Herald. Under the Song (10th-13th centuries), its functions were temporarily transferred to the Zhongshu Sheng. Its administration of China's foreign relations was ended by the establishment of the Zongli Yamen in 1861. Functions *Management of imperial court ceremonies and ritual offerings. *Registration and supervision of Buddhist and Taoist priests with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Personnel
The Ministry of Personnel was one of the Six Ministries under the Department of State Affairs in imperial China, Korea, and Vietnam. Functions Under the Ming, the Ministry of Personnel was in charge of civil appointments, merit ratings, promotions, and demotions of officials, as well as granting of honorific titles. Military appointments, promotions, and demotions fell under the purview of the Ministry of War. See also * Imperial examination * Scholar-bureaucrat The scholar-officials, also known as literati, scholar-gentlemen or scholar-bureaucrats (), were government officials and prestigious scholars in Chinese society, forming a distinct social class. Scholar-officials were politicians and governmen ... or mandarin References Citations Sources * Government of Imperial China Six Ministries Government of the Ming dynasty Government of the Tang dynasty Government of the Song dynasty Government of the Yuan dynasty Government of the Qing dynasty Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Secretary
The Grand Secretariat (; Manchu: ''dorgi yamun'') was nominally a coordinating agency but ''de facto'' the highest institution in the imperial government of the Chinese Ming dynasty. It first took shape after the Hongwu Emperor abolished the office of Chancellor (of the Zhongshu Sheng) in 1380 and gradually evolved into an effective coordinating organ superimposed on the Six Ministries. There were altogether six Grand Secretaries (; Manchu: ''ashan bithei da''), though the posts were not always filled.Hucker, 29. The most senior one was popularly called Senior Grand Secretary (, ''shǒufǔ''). The Grand Secretaries were nominally ranked as mid-level officials, ranked much lower than the Ministers, heads of the Ministries. However, since they screened documents submitted to the emperor from all governmental agencies, and had the power of drafting suggested rescripts for the emperor, generally known as ''piàonǐ'' () or ''tiáozhǐ'' (), some senior Grand Secretaries were able to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Wanli
The Wanli Emperor (; 4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620), personal name Zhu Yijun (), was the 14th Emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigned from 1572 to 1620. "Wanli", the era name of his reign, literally means "ten thousand calendars". He was the third son of the Longqing Emperor. His reign of 48 years (1572–1620) was the longest among all the Ming dynasty emperors and it witnessed several successes in his early and middle reign, followed by the decline of the dynasty as the emperor withdrew from his active role in government around 1600. Early reign (1572–1582) Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of eight and adopted the regnal name "Wanli", thus he is historically known as the Wanli Emperor. For the first ten years of his reign, he was aided by a notable statesman, Zhang Juzheng, who governed the country as Wanli's regent. During this period, the Wanli Emperor deeply respected Zhang as a mentor and a valued minister. Archery competitions, equestrianism and calligraphy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collected Statutes Of The Ming Dynasty
The ''Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty'' or ''Collected Regulations of the Great Ming'' () is a five-volume collection of regulations and procedures of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). After the original compiler Xu Pu (1429–1499) died, the task was taken over by Li Dongyang (1447–1516) and Shen Shixing (申時行). The books took 11 year to complete and were published in 1509. A second edition was commissioned in 1576, resulting in the alternative name: ''Wanli Huidian'' (萬曆會典), which was completed in 1587 and covers the years between 1479 and 1584 under the era name Wanli. The 1587 edition was reproduced as a facsimile in Beijing by the Zhonghua Book Company Zhonghua Book Company (), formerly spelled Chunghwa or Chung-hua Shu-chü, and sometimes translated as Zhonghua Publishing House, are Chinese publishing houses that focuses on the humanities, especially classical Chinese works. Currently it has ... in 1988. References External links * http://ricc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1587, A Year Of No Significance
''1587, a Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline'' () is the most famous work of the Chinese historian Ray Huang. First published by Yale University Press in 1981, it examines how a number of seemingly-insignificant events in 1587 might have caused the downfall of the Ming dynasty. The Chinese title, meaning "the fifteenth year of the Wanli era", is how the year 1587 was expressed in the Chinese calendar; it is the era name of the reigning Chinese emperor at the time, followed by the year of his reign. Major figures discussed in the book besides the emperor are Grand Secretaries Zhang Juzheng and Shen Shixing, the official Hai Rui, the general Qi Jiguang, and the philosopher Li Zhi. Although Huang had completed the manuscript by 1976, no publisher would accept it at first, as it was not serious enough for an academic work but was too serious for popular non-fiction. The work has been translated into a number of different languages: Mandarin, Japanese, Korean, Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senior Grand Secretaries Of The Ming Dynasty
Senior (shortened as Sr.) means "the elder" in Latin and is often used as a suffix for the elder of two or more people in the same family with the same given name, usually a parent or grandparent. It may also refer to: * Senior (name), a surname or given name * Senior (education), a student in the final year of high school, college or university * Senior citizen, a common designation for a person 65 and older in UK and US English ** Senior (athletics), an age athletics category ** Senior status, form of semi-retirement for United States federal judges * Senior debt, a form of corporate finance * Senior producer, a title given usually to the second most senior person of a film of television production. Art * ''Senior'' (album), a 2010 album by Röyksopp * ''Seniors'' (film), a 2011 Indian Malayalam film * ''Senior'' (film), a 2015 Thai film * ''The Senior'', a 2003 album by Ginuwine * ''The Seniors'', a 1978 American comedy film See also * Pages that begin with "Senior" * Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
People From Suzhou
A person ( : people) is a being that has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. The defining features of personhood and, consequently, what makes a person count as a person, differ widely among cultures and contexts. In addition to the question of personhood, of what makes a being count as a person to begin with, there are further questions about personal identity and self: both about what makes any particular person that particular person instead of another, and about what makes a person at one time the same person as they were or will be at another time despite any intervening changes. The plural form "people" is often used to refer to an entire nation or ethnic group (as in "a people"), and this was the original meaning of the word; it subsequently acquired its use as a plural form of per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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