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Shen Lun
Shen Lun ( 909 – 16 November 987, courtesy name Shunyi), known as Shen Yilun before 976, was a scholar-official who successively served the Later Han (Five Dynasties), Later Han, Later Zhou and Song dynasty, Song dynasties. He was one of the Song dynasty grand councilors between 973 and 982. Emperor Zhenzong's Consort Shen (Song dynasty), Consort Shen was his granddaughter. During the Five Dynasties Early in his career, Shen Yilun studied the "Three Rites" (''Rites of Zhou'', ''Book of Rites'', and ''Etiquette and Ceremonial'') and taught these classics between Luoyang and Sōng Prefecture to support himself. During Later Han (Five Dynasties), Later Han, he joined the staff of Bai Wenke (), the prefect of Shǎn Prefecture. In 954 during the Later Zhou, Shen Yilun was referred by a friend and became a retainer to general Emperor Taizu of Song, Zhao Kuangyin, then a jiedushi, military governor administering Hua Prefecture (Henan), Hua Prefecture, Xǔ Prefecture, and Sòng Prefec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Zhenzong
Emperor Zhenzong of Song (23 December 968 – 23 March 1022), personal name Zhao Heng, was the third emperor of the Song dynasty of China. He reigned from 997 to his death in 1022. His personal name was originally Zhao Dechang, but was changed to Zhao Yuanxiu in 983, Zhao Yuankan in 986, and finally Zhao Heng in 995. He was the third son of his predecessor, Emperor Taizong, and was succeeded by his sixth son, Emperor Renzong at the end of his reign. From 1020 he was seriously ill, but retained power despite this. Because of his illness, day-to-day rule of China was often placed in the hands of his third wife, Empress Liu. Reign Emperor Zhenzong's reign was noted for the consolidation of power and the strengthening of the Song Empire. The empire prospered, and its military might was further reinforced. However, it would also mark the beginning of a foreign policy towards the Khitan-led Liao dynasty in the north that would ultimately result in humiliation. In 1004, the Kh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Of China
''Huangdi'' (), translated into English as Emperor, was the superlative title held by monarchs of China who ruled various imperial regimes in Chinese history. In traditional Chinese political theory, the emperor was considered the Son of Heaven and the autocrat of all under Heaven. Under the Han dynasty, Confucianism replaced Legalism as the official political theory and succession in most cases theoretically followed agnatic primogeniture. The lineage of emperors descended from a paternal family line constituted a dynasty. The absolute authority of the emperor came with a variety of governing duties and moral obligations; failure to uphold these was thought to remove the dynasty's Mandate of Heaven and to justify its overthrow. In practice, emperors sometimes avoided the strict rules of succession and dynasties' ostensible "failures" were detailed in official histories written by their successful replacements. The power of the emperor was also limited by the imperial burea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sòng Prefecture
Songzhou or Song Prefecture () was a '' zhou'' (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Shangqiu, Henan, China. It existed (intermittently) from 596 to 1006. The Song dynasty was named after this prefecture because its founder Emperor Taizu of Song had stationed in Songzhou for many years. Geography The administrative region of Songzhou in the Tang dynasty is in the border area of modern eastern Henan, northern Anhui and southwestern Shandong. It probably includes parts of modern: * Under the administration of Shangqiu, Henan: ** Shangqiu: Liangyuan District and Suiyang District ** Minquan County ** Sui County ** Ningling County ** Zhecheng County ** Yucheng County ** Xiayi County * Under the administration of Heze, Shandong: ** Shan County ** Cao County * Under the administration of Suzhou, Anhui: ** Dangshan County Dangshan County () is a county in the far north of Anhui Province, China. It is under the administration of Suzhou city. It is famous for fruits ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xǔ Prefecture
Xuzhou or Xu Prefecture () was a '' zhou'' (prefecture) in imperial China centering on modern Xuchang in Henan, China. It existed (intermittently) from 581 to 1913. Geography The administrative region of Xuzhou in the Tang dynasty is in central Henan. It probably includes parts of modern: *Under the administration of Xuchang: **Xuchang ** Xuchang County ** Yanling County **Changge *Under the administration of Luohe: **Luohe **Linying County **Wuyang County *Under the administration of Pingdingshan: ** Wugang *Under the administration of Zhoukou: **Fugou County Fugou County () is a county of east-central Henan province, China. It is under the administration of Zhoukou city. Administrative divisions As 2012, this county is divided to 9 towns and 6 townships. ;Towns ;Townships Climate See also * Sh ... References * Prefectures of the Sui dynasty Prefectures of the Tang dynasty Prefectures of the Song dynasty Prefectures of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) Prefectures of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hua Prefecture (Henan)
Huazhou or Hua Prefecture was a '' zhou'' (prefecture) in imperial China seated in modern Hua County, Henan, China. It existed (intermittently) from 596 to 1374. Through history it was also known by other names, including Yan Prefecture (606–607), Dong Commandery (607–618) and Lingchang Commandery (742–758). Counties During the Song dynasty, Hua Prefecture administered the following counties (): #Baima (), roughly modern Hua County Hua County or Huaxian () is a county under the administration of Anyang City, in the north of Henan province, China. Its predecessor administrative area Huazhou/Hua prefecture was first established in 596 during the Sui dynasty. In 606 it was ... #Weicheng (), also roughly modern Hua County #Zuocheng (), Yanjin County References * * * Prefectures of the Sui dynasty Prefectures of the Tang dynasty Jingxi North Circuit Prefectures of Later Liang (Five Dynasties) Prefectures of Later Tang Prefectures of Later Jin (Five Dynastie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiedushi
The ''jiedushi'' (), or jiedu, was a title for regional military governors in China which was established in the Tang dynasty and abolished in the Yuan dynasty. The post of ''jiedushi'' has been translated as "military commissioner", "legate", or "regional commander". Originally introduced in 711 to counter external threats, the ''jiedushi'' were posts authorized with the supervision of a defense command often encompassing several prefectures, the ability to maintain their own armies, collect taxes and promote and appoint subordinates. Powerful ''jiedushi'' eventually became ''fanzhen'' rulers (''de facto'' warlords) and overrode the power of the central government of Tang. An early example of this was An Lushan, who was appointed ''jiedushi'' of three regions, which he used to start the An Lushan Rebellion that abruptly ended the golden age of the Tang dynasty. Even after the difficult suppression of that rebellion, some ''jiedushi'' such as the Three Fanzhen of Hebei were all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shǎn Prefecture
Shanzhou or Shan Prefecture () was a '' zhou'' (prefecture) in imperial China, centering on modern Shan County, Henan, China. It was created in 487 by the Northern Wei and existed (intermittently) until 1913 after the establishment of the Republic. See also * Shaanxi Shaanxi (alternatively Shensi, see § Name) is a landlocked province of China. Officially part of Northwest China, it borders the province-level divisions of Shanxi (NE, E), Henan (E), Hubei (SE), Chongqing (S), Sichuan (SW), Gansu (W), N ..., a modern Chinese province References * Prefectures of the Sui dynasty Prefectures of the Tang dynasty Prefectures of Later Tang Prefectures of Later Han (Five Dynasties) Prefectures of Later Liang (Five Dynasties) Prefectures of Later Jin (Five Dynasties) Prefectures of Later Zhou Prefectures of the Jin dynasty (1115–1234) Prefectures of the Song dynasty Prefectures of the Yuan dynasty Prefectures of the Ming dynasty Prefectures of the Qing dynast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luoyang
Luoyang is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River (Henan), Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang, Henan, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast. As of December 31, 2018, Luoyang had a population of 6,888,500 inhabitants with 2,751,400 people living in the built-up (or metro) area made of the city's five out of six urban districts (except the Jili District not continuously urbanized) and Yanshi District, now being conurbated. Situated on the Central Plain (China), central plain of China, Luoyang is among the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities#East Asia, oldest cities in China and one of the History of China#Ancient China, cradles of Chinese civilization. It is the earliest of the Historical capitals of China, Four Great Ancient Capitals of China. Name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Etiquette And Ceremonial
The ''Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial'' is a Chinese classic text about Zhou dynasty social behavior and ceremonial ritual as it was practiced and understood during the Spring and Autumn period. The ''Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial'', along with the ''Rites of Zhou'' and the ''Book of Rites'', formed the "Three Rites" which guided traditional Confucian understandings of propriety and behavior. Title The modern Chinese title ''Yili'' is a compound of two words with many related meanings, leading to a variety of English translations including the ''Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial'', ''Etiquette and Rites'' (Theobald, 2010), the ''Ceremonies and Rites'', ''Ceremonial and Rites'', etc. ''Yi'' may mean "right", "proper", "ceremony" (Baxter & Sagart 2011:80) "demeanor", "appearance", "etiquette", "rite", "present", "gift", or "equipment". ''Li'' , meanwhile, may mean "propriety", "ceremony" (Baxter & Sagart 2011:110) "rite", "ritual", "courtesy", "etiquette", "manners", or "mores ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
