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Shatrin
In Mandaeism, Shatrin ( myz, ࡔࡀࡕࡓࡉࡍ, translit=Šatrin) is a heavenly tree mentioned in the ''Scroll of Abatur''. Shatrin is where the souls of unbaptized Mandaean children are temporarily nourished for 30 days. On the 30th day, Hibil Ziwa baptizes the souls of the children, who then continue on to the World of Light. The tree has a length of 360,000 parasangs according to the ''Scroll of Abatur''. MS. Borgiani Siriaci 175 (held at the Vatican Library) and Drower Collection MS. 8 (held at the Bodleian Library in Oxford), two different manuscripts of the ''Scroll of Abatur'', have illustrations of Shatrin that differ from those of each other. See also *Limbo *Matarta *Tree of life *Five Trees in the Gospel of Thomas ;In Islam *Sidrat al-Muntaha * Ṭūbā *Zaqqum According to the Quran, Zaqqoum or Zaqqum ( ar, زقوم) is a tree that "springs out of the bottom of Hell". It is mentioned in verses 17:60 (as the "cursed tree"), 37:62-68, 44:43, and 56:52, of the Qura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scroll Of Abatur
The ''Diwan Abatur'' ( myz, ࡃࡉࡅࡀࡍ ࡀࡁࡀࡕࡅࡓ; "Scroll of Abatur") is a Mandaean religious text. It is a large illustrated scroll that is over 20 ft. long. A similar illustrated Mandaean scroll is the '' Diwan Nahrawata'' ("The Scroll of the Rivers"), a lavishly illustrated geographical treatise which translated into German and published by Kurt Rudolph in 1982. Contents The ''Diwan Abatur'' mentions a heavenly tree called '' Shatrin'' (''Šatrin'') where the souls of unbaptized Mandaean children are temporarily nourished for 30 days. On the 30th day, Hibil Ziwa baptizes the souls of the children, who then continue on to the World of Light. The tree has a length of 360,000 parasangs according to the ''Diwan Abatur''. Additionally, the ''Diwan Abatur'' mentions a ship called ''Shahrat'' (''Šahrat''; lit. "she kept watch") that ferries souls from Tibil across the Hitpun and into the house of Abatur. Manuscripts and translations An English translation of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Limbo
In Catholic theology, Limbo (Latin '' limbus'', edge or boundary, referring to the edge of Hell) is the afterlife condition of those who die in original sin without being assigned to the Hell of the Damned. Medieval theologians of Western Europe described the underworld ("hell", "hades", "infernum") as divided into three distinct parts: Hell of the Damned,''Catholic Encyclopedia'': Hell "However, in the New Testament the term is used more frequently in preference to hades, as a name for the place of punishment of the damned. … held in abomination by the Jews, who, accordingly, used the name of this valley to designate the abode of the damned (Targ. Jon., Gen., iii, 24; Henoch, c. xxvi). And Christ adopt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nishimta
In Mandaeism, the nishimta ( myz, ࡍࡉࡔࡉࡌࡕࡀ ; plural: ) or nishma ( myz, ࡍࡉࡔࡌࡀ ) is the human soul. It is can also be considered as equivalent to the "psyche" or " ego". It is distinct from ''ruha'' ('spirit'), as well as from ''mana'' ('nous'). In Mandaeism, humans are considered to be made up of the physical body (''pagra''), soul (''nišimta''), and spirit (''ruha''). In the afterlife When a Mandaean person dies, priests perform elaborate death rituals or death masses called ''masiqta'' in order to help guide the soul (''nišimta'') towards the World of Light. In order to pass from Tibil (Earth) to the World of Light, the soul must go through multiple ''maṭarta'' (watch-stations, toll-stations, or purgatories; see also Arcs of Descent and Ascent and araf (Islam)) before finally being reunited with the ''dmuta'', the soul's heavenly counterpart. A successful masiqta merges the incarnate soul ( myz, ࡍࡉࡔࡉࡌࡕࡀ ; roughly equivalent to the ''psy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Cosmology
Mandaean cosmology is the Gnostic conception of the universe in the religion of Mandaeism. Mandaean cosmology is strongly influenced by Jewish, Babylonian, Persian, Egyptian, Greek, Manichaean and other Near Eastern religions and philosophies. Emanations The three major Emanations or "Lives" (''Hayyi'') in Mandaeism are: #The Second Life: Yushamin, the primal uthra #The Third Life: Abatur, the weigher of souls, and also the father of the '' uthri'' (plural of ''uthra'') #The Fourth Life: Ptahil, the creator of the material world The Second Life, Third Life, and Fourth Life are emanations of the First Life, Hayyi Rabbi (the Supreme God). Realms Mandaean cosmology divides the universe into three realms: #World of Light or Lightworld (''alma ḏ-nhūra'') #Tibil, or Earth #World of Darkness or underworld (''alma ḏ-hšuka'') According to Book 3 of the '' Right Ginza'', a "fruit (''pira'') within the fruit" and "ether (''ayar'') within the ether" had existed before the World of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Scroll Of Abathur
Mandaeans ( ar, المندائيون ), also known as Mandaean Sabians ( ) or simply as Sabians ( ), are an ethnoreligious group who are followers of Mandaeism. They believe that John the Baptist was the final and most important prophet. They may have been among the earliest religious groups to practice baptism, as well as among the earliest adherents of Gnosticism, a belief system of which they are the last surviving representatives today. The Mandaeans were originally native speakers of Mandaic language, Mandaic, an Eastern Aramaic languages, Eastern Aramaic language, before they nearly all switched to Iraqi Arabic or Persian language, Persian as their main language. After 2003 invasion of Iraq, the invasion of Iraq by the United States and Multi-National Force – Iraq, its allies in 2003, the Mandaean community of Iraq, which before the war numbered 60,000-70,000 persons, collapsed due to the rise of Islamic extremism and the absence of protection against it; with most of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaqqum
According to the Quran, Zaqqoum or Zaqqum ( ar, زقوم) is a tree that "springs out of the bottom of Hell". It is mentioned in verses 17:60 (as the "cursed tree"), 37:62-68, 44:43, and 56:52, of the Quran. Religious references The Qur'an says: : 4.43Surely the tree of Zaqqum, : 4.44Is the food of the sinful : 4.45Like dregs of oil; it shall boil in (their) bellies, : 4.46Like the boiling of hot water. The fruits of ''Zaqqum'' are shaped like heads of devils (Qur'an 37:62-68). Some Islamic scholars believe in a literal meaning of this tree grown in fire, showing the inverted flora of hell. The inhabitants of hell are forced to eat the tree's fruits, which tears their bodies apart and releases bodily fluids as a punishment. According to Umar Sulayman Al-Ashqar, a leading Salafi scholar and professor at the University of Jordan, once the palate of the sinners is satiated, the fruit in their bellies churns like burning oil. Other scholars suggest the tree is grown by the seeds ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ṭūbā
Ṭūbā ( ar, طُـوْبَىٰ, lit=blessedness) is a tree which grows in Jannah ( ar, ٱلْـجَـنَّـة, Paradise, Garden) according to Islam. The term is mentioned in the Quran in Surah Al-Raad, verse 29 : (Those who believed, and work righteousness, Tuba is for them and a beautiful place of (final) return.)also in several Ahadith. The holy city of Touba, Senegal, is named after the tree. The Arabic female given name Tuba or Touba derives also from the name of the tree and is widely used among Muslims in the Muslim world, especially in the Arab world and Turkey.Derya Duman. "A Characterization of Turkish Personal Name Inventory". ''International Journal of the Sociology of Language.'' 165 (2004), p. 165. Retrieved 15 December 2011. Hadith The tree is mentioned in the Hadith collection Sahih al-Bukhari and others. See also *Plants in Islam * Tuba (given name), a given name derived from the tree *Touba, a city in central Senegal sometimes said to be named for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sidrat Al-Muntaha
The ''Sidrat al-Muntaha'' ( ar, سِدْرَة ٱلْمُنْتَهَىٰ, Sidrat al-Muntahā, lit=Lote Tree of the Farthest Boundary) is a large lote tree or Sidr tree that marks the utmost boundary in the seventh heaven, which no one can pass. It is called Sidrat al-Muntaha because the knowledge of the angels stops at that point, and no one has gone beyond it except the Messenger of Allah. During the Isra and Mi'raj, Muhammad traveled with the angel Gabriel to the tree (where the angel stopped) beyond which Allah (God) instructed Muhammad about the five daily prayers. Quran The tree is also referred to in Sura 53 verse 14-16, Sura 34 verse 16 and Sura 56, verse 28. Sura 53, verses 11-18 reads: Sura 34, verses 15-17 reads: Sura 56, verses 27-34 reads: Meaning A Qur'an commentary entitled ''Tafsīr al-karīm al-raḥman fī tafsīr kalām al-manān'' by Abd ar-Rahman ibn Nasir as-Sa'di, while commenting on , the Sidrat al-Muntahā, (Lote-Tree of the Extrem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gospel Of Thomas
The Gospel of Thomas (also known as the Coptic Gospel of Thomas) is an extra-canonical Logia, sayings gospel. It was discovered near Nag Hammadi, Egypt, in December 1945 among a group of books known as the Nag Hammadi library. Scholars speculate that the works were buried in response to a letter from Bishop Athanasius of Alexandria, Athanasius declaring a strict canon of Christian scripture. Scholars have proposed dates of composition as early as 60 AD and as late as 250 AD. Since its discovery, many scholars have seen it as evidence in support of the existence of a "Q source" which might have been very similar in its form as a collection of sayings of Jesus without any accounts of his deeds or his life and death, referred to as a sayings gospel. The Coptic language text, the second of seven contained in what modern-day scholars have designated as Nag Hammadi Codex II, is composed of 114 sayings attributed to Jesus. Almost two-thirds of these sayings resemble those found in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Five Trees
"Five Trees" in Paradise is a mysterious allegory or concept from famous Coptic language, Coptic Gospel of Thomas NHC 2: (gnostic library from Nag Hammadi in Egypt) 19th saying/logia of Jesus and other sources of religious mythology. Blatz Translation: "Blessed is he who was before he came into being," is similar to other enigmatic statements commonly found in mysticism across cultures, referring to the benefits of self-awareness (knowledge of one's true nature) before development of ego identity beliefs. "If you...listen..., these stones will minister to you," may refer to both "listening" to the true self within – which would allow one to accurately trace internal/cause from observing external/effects (physical reality/stones), or that only through this "self-awareness" are we able to understand Jesus' symbolic language and master external reality. The word, tree, is a creative (manifesting) symbol in Jewish and Christian sacred texts, descriptive of both ingesting (taking i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tree Of Life
The tree of life is a fundamental archetype in many of the world's mythological, religious, and philosophical traditions. It is closely related to the concept of the sacred tree.Giovino, Mariana (2007). ''The Assyrian Sacred Tree: A History of Interpretations'', page 129. Saint-Paul. The concept of the tree of life may have originated in Central Asia, and absorbed by other cultures, such as Scandinavian mythology and Altai shamanism. The tree of knowledge, connecting to heaven and the underworld, and the tree of life, connecting all forms of creation, are both forms of the world tree or cosmic tree, and are portrayed in various religions and philosophies as the same tree. Religion and mythology Various trees of life are recounted in folklore, culture and fiction, often relating to immortality or fertility. They had their origin in religious symbolism. According to professor Elvyra Usačiovaitė, a "typical" imagery preserved in ancient iconography is that of two symmet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Oxford
, mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor = The Lord Patten of Barnes , vice_chancellor = Louise Richardson , students = 24,515 (2019) , undergrad = 11,955 , postgrad = 12,010 , other = 541 (2017) , city = Oxford , country = England , coordinates = , campus_type = University town , athletics_affiliations = Blue (university sport) , logo_size = 250px , website = , logo = University of Oxford.svg , colours = Oxford Blue , faculty = 6,995 (2020) , academic_affiliations = , The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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