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Sharktooth Hill
The Temblor Formation is a geologic formation in California. It preserves fossils dating back from the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene of the Neogene period. It is notable for the famous Sharktooth Hill deposit (otherwise known as Ernst Quarry). Fossils Vertebrates Cartilagenous fishes = Sharks = * '' Carcharias'' * ''Cephaloscyllium'' * ''Cetorhinus'' * †''Carcharocles megalodon'' Boessenecker, Ehret, D, Long, D, Churchill, M, Martin, E, Boessenecker, S. The Early Pliocene extinction of the mega-toothed shark ''Otodus megalodon'': a view from the eastern north Pacific. PeerJ. 2019 Feb 13;7:e6088. doi: 10.7717/peerj.6088. eCollection 2019. * †''Galeocerdo aduncus'' * †''Hemipristis serra'' * '' Heterodontus'' * ''Hexanchus'' * †'' Isurus desori'' * †'' Isurus hastalis'' * †''Isurus planus''Malchow, A. 2009. MIOCENE SHARK TOOTH HILL LOCALITY, KERN COUNTY, CALIFORNIA. Geological Society of America North-Central Section - 43rd Annual Meeting (2-3 April 2009) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geologic Formation
A geological formation, or simply formation, is a body of rock having a consistent set of physical characteristics ( lithology) that distinguishes it from adjacent bodies of rock, and which occupies a particular position in the layers of rock exposed in a geographical region (the stratigraphic column). It is the fundamental unit of lithostratigraphy, the study of strata or rock layers. A formation must be large enough that it can be mapped at the surface or traced in the subsurface. Formations are otherwise not defined by the thickness of their rock strata, which can vary widely. They are usually, but not universally, tabular in form. They may consist of a single lithology (rock type), or of alternating beds of two or more lithologies, or even a heterogeneous mixture of lithologies, so long as this distinguishes them from adjacent bodies of rock. The concept of a geologic formation goes back to the beginnings of modern scientific geology. The term was used by Abraham Gottlob Wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemipristis Serra
''Hemipristis serra'' is an extinct species of weasel shark which existed during the Miocene epoch. It was described by Louis Agassiz in 1843. While today's snaggletooth shark is not very large or dangerous, ''Hemipristis serra'', which lived in the Atlantic Ocean during the Oligocene and Miocene, was considerably larger than its modern-day relative and had much larger teeth. Its total length is estimated to be . Marks made by the teeth of ''H. serra'' are often found on the bones of the manatee ''Metaxytherium'' leading some scientists to hypothesize that ''H. serra'' specialized in preying on these sirenians. In the Gatun Formation of Panama, ''H. serra'' was contemporary with pups of the large lamniform shark ''Otodus megalodon'', and both it and the great hammerhead The great hammerhead (''Sphyrna mokarran'') or great hammerhead shark is the largest species of hammerhead shark, belonging to the family Sphyrnidae, attaining an average length of and reaching a maximum le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galeocerdo Aduncus
''Galeocerdo'' is a genus of requiem sharks that have lived since the Paleocene epoch. While these sharks were formerly diverse, only ''G. cuvier'' (the modern tiger shark) survives today. Species Species in the genus ''Galeocerdo'' include: * †''Galeocerdo aduncus ''Galeocerdo'' is a genus of requiem sharks that have lived since the Paleocene epoch. While these sharks were formerly diverse, only ''G. cuvier'' (the modern tiger shark) survives today. Species Species in the genus ''Galeocerdo'' include: ...'' * †'' Galeocerdo alabamensis'' * †'' Galeocerdo clarkensis'' * '' Galeocerdo cuvier'' * †'' Galeocerdo denticulatus'' * †'' Galeocerdo eaglesomi'' * †'' Galeocerdo gibberulus'' * †'' Galeocerdo latidens'' * †'' Galeocerdo mayumbensis'' * †'' Galeocerdo minor'' * †'' Galeocerdo mixtus'' * †'' Galeocerdo productus'' References {{Taxonbar, from=Q2186811 Shark genera Taxa named by Johannes Peter Müller Taxa named by Friedrich Gustav Ja ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carcharocles Megalodon
Megalodon (''Otodus megalodon''), meaning "big tooth", is an extinct species of mackerel shark that lived approximately 23 to 3.6 million years ago (Mya), from the Early Miocene to the Pliocene epochs. It was formerly thought to be a member of the family Lamnidae and a close relative of the great white shark (''Carcharodon carcharias''). However, it is now classified into the extinct family Otodontidae, which diverged from the great white shark during the Early Cretaceous. While regarded as one of the largest and most powerful predators to have ever lived, the megalodon is only known from fragmentary remains, and its appearance and maximum size are uncertain. Scientists differ on whether it would have more closely resembled a stockier version of the great white shark, the whale shark (''Rhincodon typus''), the basking shark (''Cetorhinus maximus'') or the sand tiger shark (''Carcharias taurus''). The most recent estimate with the least error range suggests a maximum length e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cetorhinus
The basking shark (''Cetorhinus maximus'') is the second-largest living shark and fish, after the whale shark, and one of three plankton-eating shark species, along with the whale shark and megamouth shark. Adults typically reach in length. It is usually greyish-brown, with mottled skin, with the inside of the mouth being white in color. The caudal fin has a strong lateral keel and a crescent shape. Other common names include bone shark, elephant shark, sail-fish, and sun-fish. In Orkney, it is commonly known as hoe-mother (sometimes contracted to homer), meaning "the mother of the pickled dog-fish". The basking shark is a cosmopolitan migratory species, found in all the world's temperate oceans. A slow-moving filter feeder, its common name derives from its habit of feeding at the surface, appearing to be basking in the warmer water there. It has anatomical adaptations for filter-feeding, such as a greatly enlarged mouth and highly developed gill rakers. Its snout is conic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephaloscyllium
''Cephaloscyllium'' is a genus of catsharks, and part of the family Scyliorhinidae, commonly known as swellsharks because of their ability to inflate their bodies with water or air as a defense against predators. These sluggish, bottom-dwelling sharks are found widely in the tropical and temperate coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They have stocky, spindle-shaped bodies and short, broad, and flattened heads. The mouth is capacious, containing many small teeth and lacking furrows at the corners. The two dorsal fins are placed far back on the body, with the first much larger than the second. Different species have various color patterns of saddles, blotches, reticulations, and/or spots. The largest members of the genus can grow over in length. Swellsharks prey on a variety of fishes and invertebrates, and are oviparous, with females producing egg capsules in pairs. They are harmless and have been deemed of having no commercial value. Taxonomy The genus ''Cephalosc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carcharias
''Carcharias'' is a genus of sand tiger sharks belonging to the family Odontaspididae. Once bearing many prehistoric species, all have gone extinct with the exception of the critically endangered sand tiger shark. Description ''Carcharias'' are 2.5 m long on average. The maximum weight of the shark is 158.8 kg. Differentiating species of sharks is usually done by locating and measuring their fins. The second dorsal fin and the anal fin of ''Carcharias'' are very large. In fact, they are about equal in size. The pectoral fins are triangular and only slightly larger than the dorsal fins. The teeth are very long and narrow with sharp points. The teeth are smooth with no ridges. The tail is one third of the entire body size. Diet ''Carcharias'' species hunt bony fish, small sharks, rays, squids, crabs, and lobsters. Habitat Sand tiger sharks live in water depths ranging from 0 to 190 meters. They are found in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian oceans. They are commonl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isurus Planus Teeth
''Isurus'' is a genus of mackerel sharks in the family Lamnidae, commonly known as the mako sharks. Description The two living species are the common shortfin mako shark (''I. oxyrinchus'') and the rare longfin mako shark (''I. paucus''). They range in length from , and have an approximate maximum weight of . They both have a distinctive blue-gray color scheme common among mackerel sharks. Several extinct species are known from fossils found in sediments from the Cretaceous to the Quaternary (age range: 99.7 to 0.781 million years ago). The family Lamnidae also includes the great white shark and the porbeagle. Mako sharks are capable of swimming at speeds up to . The great white shark is also closely related to an ancient mako shark species, ''Isurus hastalis''. However, fossil evidence suggests ''I. hastalis'', like the great white shark, also belonged to the genus ''Carcharodon''. Species The genus contains these species: * ''Isurus oxyrinchus'' (Rafinesque, 1810) (shortfin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Period (geology)
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardized international units of geologic time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective is to precisely define ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. The Neogene is sub-divided into two epochs, the earlier Miocene and the later Pliocene. Some geologists assert that the Neogene cannot be clearly delineated from the modern geological period, the Quaternary. The term "Neogene" was coined in 1853 by the Austrian palaeontologist Moritz Hörnes (1815–1868). During this period, mammals and birds continued to evolve into modern forms, while other groups of life remained relatively unchanged. The first humans (''Homo habilis'') appeared in Africa near the end of the period. Some continental movements took place, the most significant event being the connection of North and South America at the Isthmus of Panama, late in the Pliocene. This cut off the warm ocean currents from the Pacific to th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fossils
A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved in amber, hair, petrified wood and DNA remnants. The totality of fossils is known as the ''fossil record''. Paleontology is the study of fossils: their age, method of formation, and evolutionary significance. Specimens are usually considered to be fossils if they are over 10,000 years old. The oldest fossils are around 3.48 billion years old to 4.1 billion years old. Early edition, published online before print. The observation in the 19th century that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led to the recognition of a geological timescale and the relative ages of different fossils. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed scientists to quantitatively measure the absolute ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
