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Shams-i Fakhri
Shams-i Fakhri () was an Iranian lexicographer and philologist, who is best known as the author of the ''Mi'yar-i Jamali va-miftah-i Bu Ishaki'' ("The bird-trap offered to Jamal and the key entrusted to Abu Ishak"), dedicated in 1344 to the last Injuid ruler of Fars, Abu Ishaq Inju (). During his youth, Shams-i Fakhri served in the court of the Hazaraspids of Luristan, where he dedicated the poem ''Mi‘yar-i nusrati'' to its ruler Nusrat al-Din Ahmad () in 1313. He subsequently joined the court of Ghiyas al-Din ibn Rashid al-Din, the Persian vizier of the Mongol Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm .... He later joined the court of the Injuids. References Sources * * {{EI2, last=Massé, first=H., volume=2, title=Fak̲h̲rī, url=https://referencework ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iranian Peoples
The Iranian peoples or Iranic peoples are a diverse grouping of Indo-European peoples who are identified by their usage of the Iranian languages and other cultural similarities. The Proto-Iranians are believed to have emerged as a separate branch of the Indo-Iranians in Central Asia around the mid-2nd millennium BC. At their peak of expansion in the mid-1st millennium BC, the territory of the Iranian peoples stretched across the entire Eurasian Steppe, from the Great Hungarian Plain in the west to the Ordos Plateau in the east and the Iranian Plateau in the south.: "From the first millennium b.c., we have abundant historical, archaeological and linguistic sources for the location of the territory inhabited by the Iranian peoples. In this period the territory of the northern Iranians, they being equestrian nomads, extended over the whole zone of the steppes and the wooded steppes and even the semi-deserts from the Great Hungarian Plain to the Ordos in northern China." The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Injuids
The House of Inju (Injuids, Injus, or Inju'ids) was an Iranian dynasty of Persian origin that came to rule over the cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century. Its members became de facto independent rulers following the breakup of the Ilkhanate until their defeat in 1357. Before the breakup of the Ilkhanate The Injuids gained control of parts of Iran, mostly Fars, in 1304 at the beginning of the reign of the Ilkhan Öljeitü. The Ilkhan had given Sharaf al-Din Mahmud Shah control of the ''injü'' (or ''inji''; the Mongol word for the royal estates). Sharaf al-Din was reportedly descended from ' Abd-Allah Ansari, an 11th-century mystic of Herat. His son, Amir Ghiyas al-Din Kai-Khusrau, assisted another family, the Muzaffarids, in their takeover of Yazd. By 1325 Sharaf al-Din had gained nearly an absolute grip on the region. His power displeased Öljeitü's successor Abu Sa'id, who ordered Sharaf al-Din removed and sent a Sheikh Hussein ibn Juban to replace him. Kai-K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Ishaq Inju
Abu Ishaq Inju ( fa, ابو اسحاق اینجو) was the last Injuid ruler from 1343 to 1357. During his reign the city of Shiraz flourished, consisting of prominent figures such as Hafez, Khwaju Kermani and Ubayd Zakani. In 1357, the Muzaffarid ruler Mubariz al-Din Muhammad () captured Shiraz, and had Abu Ishaq Inju executed. In Shiraz, Abu Ishaq reportedly had a building constructed that reflected the Sasanian The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th centuries AD. Named ... palace Taq-e Kasra at Ctesiphon. However, the construction was never finished and no remains of the building stand today. References Sources * * * * * * * {{s-end 14th-century monarchs in the Middle East 1358 deaths Injuids 14th-century Iranian people ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hazaraspids
The Hazaraspids ( fa, هزاراسپیان, 1115–1424), was a Kurdish dynasty that ruled the Zagros Mountains region of southwestern Iran, essentially in Lorestan and which flourished in the later Saljuq, Ilkhanid, Muzaffarid, and Timurid periods. Etymology Although the founder was Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, the dynasty is named after the latter's son and successor, Malik Hazarasp. The name of the dynasty is of Iranian origin, and means "thousand horses". History The founder of dynasty was Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, a descendant of the Shabankara chieftain Fadluya, who was initially a commander of the Salghurids of Fars and was appointed as the governor of Kuhgiluya, but eventually gained independence in Luristan and extended his realm as far as Isfahan and assumed the prestigious title of ''atabeg.'' His son, Malik Hazarasp fought a successful campaign against Salghurids and assisted Jalal-al-din Khwarezmshah in his struggle against the Mongols. Another Hazaraspid ruler Ta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nusrat Al-Din Ahmad
Nusrat al-Din Ahmad was the Hazaraspid ruler (''atabeg'') of Luristan from 1296 to 1330. He succeeded his father Afrasiyab I after the latters execution under the orders of their suzerain, the Ilkhanate ruler Ghazan (). Before his rise to kingship, Nusrat al-Din Ahmad had spent much time as a hostage at the court of the Ilkhanate. After his death, he was succeeded by his son Rukn al-Din Yusufshah II. Nusrat al-Din Ahmad was notably a patron of Persian literature, with three works dedicated to him. The historical chronicle of ''Tajarib al-Salaf'', a Persian translation and modification of the Arabic ''Kitab al-fakhri'', was presented to Nusrat al-Din Ahmad by Muhammad ibn Hendushah Nakhjavani after 1323. The second work—also a historical chronicle—was the ''Mu‘jam fi athar muluk al-Ajam'' by Sharaf al-Din Fazlullah Qazvini. The third work was the ''Mi‘yar-i nusrati'', a poem written by Shams-i Fakhri in 1313. In the ''Mu‘jam'', Nusrat al-Din Ahmad is regarded a "the gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghiyas Al-Din Ibn Rashid Al-Din
Ghiyas may refer to: * Ghiyas, Iran, a village in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran * Ghiyas ud din Balban (1200-1286), ruler of the Delhi Sultanate * Mirza Ghiyas Beg Mirza Ghiyas Beg ( fa, مرزا غياث بيگ), also known by his title of I'timad-ud-Daulah ( fa, اعتماد الدوله), was an important Persian official in the Mughal empire, whose children served as wives, mothers, and generals of the ... (17th century), important Mughal official See also * Ghiyās * Ghiyas-ud-Din {{dab, given name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous land empire in history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Europe, extending northward into parts of the Arctic; eastward and southward into parts of the Indian subcontinent, attempted invasions of Southeast Asia and conquered the Iranian Plateau; and westward as far as the Levant and the Carpathian Mountains. The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of several nomadic tribes in the Mongol homeland under the leadership of Temüjin, known by the more famous title of Genghis Khan (–1227), whom a council proclaimed as the ruler of all Mongols in 1206. The empire grew rapidly under his rule and that of his descendants, who sent out invading armies in every direction. The vast transcontinental empire connected the East with the West, and the Pacific to the Mediterranean, in an enforced ''Pax Mongol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ilkhanate
The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate ( fa, ایل خانان, ''Ilxānān''), known to the Mongols as ''Hülegü Ulus'' (, ''Qulug-un Ulus''), was a khanate established from the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. The Ilkhanid realm, officially known as ''Iranzamin'' (), was ruled by the Mongols, Mongol House of Hulagu. Hulagu Khan, the son of Tolui and grandson of Genghis Khan, inherited the Middle Eastern part of the Mongol Empire after his brother Möngke Khan died in 1260. Its core territory lies in what is now part of the countries of Iran, Azerbaijan, and Turkey. At its greatest extent, the Ilkhanate also included parts of modern Iraq, Syria, Armenia, Georgia (country), Georgia, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Pakistan, part of modern Dagestan, and part of modern Tajikistan. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with Ghazan in 1295, converted to Islam. In the 1330s, the Ilkhanate was ravaged by the Black Death. Its last khan Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty), Abu Sa'id died in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
14th-century Persian-language Writers
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was a century lasting from 1 January 1301 ( MCCCI), to 31 December 1400 ( MCD). It is estimated that the century witnessed the death of more than 45 million lives from political and natural disasters in both Europe and the Mongol Empire. West Africa experienced economic growth and prosperity. In Europe, the Black Death claimed 25 million lives wiping out one third of the European population while the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France fought in the protracted Hundred Years' War after the death of Charles IV, King of France led to a claim to the French throne by Edward III, King of England. This period is considered the height of chivalry and marks the beginning of strong separate identities for both England and France as well as the foundation of the Italian Renaissance and Ottoman Empire. In Asia, Tamerlane (Timur), established the Timurid Empire, history's third largest empire to have been ever establish ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Death Unknown
A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are generally recognized: spring, summer, autumn and winter. In tropical and subtropical regions, several geographical sectors do not present defined seasons; but in the seasonal tropics, the annual wet and dry seasons are recognized and tracked. A calendar year is an approximation of the number of days of the Earth's orbital period, as counted in a given calendar. The Gregorian calendar, or modern calendar, presents its calendar year to be either a common year of 365 days or a leap year of 366 days, as do the Julian calendars. For the Gregorian calendar, the average length of the calendar year (the mea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
