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Sergio Rubin
Sergio Rubin is an Argentine journalist and writer. He is the authorized biographer of Pope Francis, and wrote his only biography available at the time of his election, in March 2013. He currently works at Argentine newspaper '' Clarín'' as a columnist covering news related to the Catholic Church and Pope Francis. Biography Graduated from the University of Navarra (''Universidad de Navarra''), Rubin started his journalism career at Argentine newspaper ''Clarin'' in the 1980s, covering news related to the Catholic Church. He conducted several interviews to many important figures of the Church such as Mother Teresa and, sent by ''Clarin'', covering many of Pope John Paul II's journeys all around the world. He later joined religious Argentine journal, subsidiary of ''Clarin'', ''Valores Religiosos'', as a columnist. He is currently the director. Rubin met Jorge Bergoglio in 1990, while conducting interviews with Buenos Aires city Archbishop Antonio Quarracino. He wrote '' El je ...
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Argentine
Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or (feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being ''Argentine''. Argentina is a multiethnic and multilingual society, home to people of various ethnic, religious, and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. As a result, Argentines do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and allegiance to Argentina. Aside from the indigenous population, nearly all Argentines or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries. Among countries in the world that have received the most immigrants in modern history, Argentina, with 6.6 million, ranks second to the United States (27 million), and ahead of other immigr ...
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El Jesuita
''Pope Francis: Conversations with Jorge Bergoglio: His Life in His Own Words'' is a biography of Jorge Bergoglio, who became Pope Francis in 2013. Written by Sergio Rubin, it is the only biography of him that appeared before his election as Pope. It was initially published in Spanish with the name ''El Jesuita'' ( es, The Jesuit). Creation Sergio Rubin developed the idea in a conversation with Francesca Ambrogetti following the Papal conclave of 2005 that elected Pope Benedict XVI. At that time, media reports based on an anonymous diary of a participant in the conclave said that Bergoglio had received 40 votes in the third ballot. Bergoglio first resisted the idea of a book about him, but gave in to their continued requests. Rubin and Ambrogetti met with him monthly for a year and half. Those meetings were the only occasions when Bergoglio discussed his life during Argentina's Dirty War The Dirty War ( es, Guerra sucia) is the name used by the military junta or civic- ...
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Argentine Jews
The history of the Jews in Argentina goes back to the early sixteenth century, following the Jewish expulsion from Spain. Sephardi Jews fleeing persecution immigrated with explorers and colonists to settle in what is now Argentina, in spite of being forbidden from travelling to the American colonies. In addition, many of the Portuguese traders in the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata were Jewish. An organized Jewish community, however, did not develop until after Argentina gained independence from Spain in 1816. By mid-century, Jews from France and other parts of Western Europe, fleeing the social and economic disruptions of revolutions, began to settle in Argentina. Reflecting the composition of the later immigration waves, the current Jewish population is 80% Ashkenazi; while Sephardi and Mizrahi are a minority. Argentina has the largest Jewish population of any country in Latin America, although numerous Jews left during the 1970s and 1980s to escape the repression of th ...
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Male Journalists
Male (symbol: ♂) is the sex of an organism that produces the gamete (sex cell) known as sperm, which fuses with the larger female gamete, or ovum, in the process of fertilization. A male organism cannot reproduce sexually without access to at least one ovum from a female, but some organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Most male mammals, including male humans, have a Y chromosome, which codes for the production of larger amounts of testosterone to develop male reproductive organs. Not all species share a common sex-determination system. In most animals, including humans, sex is determined genetically; however, species such as ''Cymothoa exigua'' change sex depending on the number of females present in the vicinity. In humans, the word ''male'' can also be used to refer to gender in the social sense of gender role or gender identity. Overview The existence of separate sexes has evolved independently at different times and in different lineages, an example o ...
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Argentine Journalists
Argentines (mistakenly translated Argentineans in the past; in Spanish (masculine) or (feminine)) are people identified with the country of Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Argentines, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being ''Argentine''. Argentina is a multiethnic and multilingual society, home to people of various ethnic, religious, and national origins, with the majority of the population made up of Old World immigrants and their descendants. As a result, Argentines do not equate their nationality with ethnicity, but with citizenship and allegiance to Argentina. Aside from the indigenous population, nearly all Argentines or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries. Among countries in the world that have received the most immigrants in modern history, Argentina, with 6.6 million, ranks second to the United States (27 million), and ahead of other immigr ...
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Religious Biographers
Religion is usually defined as a social-cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements; however, there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion. Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from the divine, sacred things, faith,Tillich, P. (1957) ''Dynamics of faith''. Harper Perennial; (p. 1). a supernatural being or supernatural beings or "some sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of life". Religious practices may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration (of deities or saints), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, public service, or other aspects of human culture. Religions ha ...
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Nelson Castro (journalist)
Nelson Alberto Castro (born April 5, 1955 in San Martín, Province of Buenos Aires) is an Argentine journalist, physician and writer. He hosts "''El Juego Limpio''" (English: ''Fair Game''), a political debate show on Todo Noticias. Early life Castro was born on April 5 1955 in the town of San Martín, in the province of Buenos Aires, to Elsa and Nelson Manuel Castro. From 1961 to 1973, he attended the Nuestra Señora de Luján religious school, finishing both elementary and high school there. When he was five months old, he was diagnosed with gangrenous erysipelas, an infectious disease product of an unknown germ. As a result of it, he had to undergo facial reconstruction surgery seven times by the time he was 14, and nearly died. According to Castro himself, this was a "real challenge" to him. In medicine Starting in 1974, he attended the University of Buenos Aires. He earned a degree in Medicine in April 2, 1980. A neurologist, in 1986 he travelled to the United States ...
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Papal Conclave, 2013
The 2013 papal conclave was convened to elect a pope to succeed Pope Benedict XVI following his resignation on 28 February 2013. After the 115 participating cardinal-electors gathered, they set 12 March 2013 as the beginning of the conclave. On the fifth ballot, the conclave elected Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio, SJ, Archbishop of Buenos Aires. He took the pontifical name of ''Francis''. Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI On 11 February 2013, Benedict XVI announced his resignation from the papacy effective 28 February 2013 at 20:00 local time (19:00  UTC). He was the first pope to resign since Gregory XII in 1415, and the first to do so on his own initiative since Celestine V in 1294. Papabili The conclave cardinals may elect any baptised Catholic male, but since 1271 they have always elected a fellow cardinal. Observers of papal elections tend to consider a few cardinals more likely choices than the others – these are the ''papabili'', the plural for ''papabile'', ...
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Papabile
''Papabile'' (, also , ; ; or "able to be pope") is an unofficial Italian term first coined by Vaticanologists and now used internationally in many languages to describe a Catholic man, in practice always a cardinal, who is thought a likely or possible candidate to be elected pope. In some cases the cardinals will choose a ''papabile'' candidate. Among the ''papabili'' cardinals who have been elected pope are Eugenio Pacelli (Pius XII), Giovanni Battista Montini (Paul VI), and Joseph Ratzinger (Benedict XVI). However, at times the College of Cardinals elects a man who was not considered ''papabile'' by most Vatican watchers. In recent years those who were elected pope though not considered ''papabile'' include John XXIII, John Paul I, John Paul II. There is a saying among Vaticanologists: "He who enters the conclave as pope, leaves it as a cardinal." This is a popular proverb in Italy as well, indicating one should never be too sure of oneself. The list of ''papabili'' chang ...
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Papal Conclave, 2005
The 2005 papal conclave was convened to elect a new pope following the death of Pope John Paul II on 2 April 2005. After his death, the cardinals of the Catholic Church who were in Rome met and set a date for the beginning of the conclave to elect his successor. Of the 117 eligible members of the College of Cardinals, those younger than 80 years of age at the time of the death of Pope John Paul II, all but two attended. After several days of private meetings attended by both cardinal electors and non-voting cardinals, the conclave began on 18 April 2005. It ended the following day after four ballots with the election of Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, Dean of the College of Cardinals and Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. After accepting his election, he took the pontifical name of ''Benedict XVI''. Procedures Pope John Paul II laid out new procedures for the election of his successor in his Apostolic Constitution '' Universi Dominici gregis'' in 1996. It deta ...
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Antonio Quarracino
Antonio Quarracino (8 August 1923 – 28 February 1998) was a Cardinal of the Catholic Church of Argentina and the Archbishop of Buenos Aires between 1990 and 1998. Biography Early life and priesthood Quarracino was born in Pollica, Province of Salerno, Italy. His family emigrated to Argentina when he was 4 years old, settling in the town of San Andrés de Giles in the province of Buenos Aires. Quarracino was ordained priest on 22 December 1945, and became a professor at the diocesan seminary of Mercedes. He also taught theology at the Universidad Católica Argentina. Episcopate and cardinalate Quarracino was appointed Bishop of Nueve de Julio, Buenos Aires, by Pope John XXIII, on 3 February 1962, and received the episcopal see on 8 April of the same year. He participated in all sessions of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). On 3 August 1968 Paul VI moved him to the diocese of Avellaneda (whose new cathedral was built during his rule). John Paul II promoted him ...
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Journalist
A journalist is an individual that collects/gathers information in form of text, audio, or pictures, processes them into a news-worthy form, and disseminates it to the public. The act or process mainly done by the journalist is called journalism. Roles Journalists can be broadcast, print, advertising, and public relations personnel, and, depending on the form of journalism, the term ''journalist'' may also include various categories of individuals as per the roles they play in the process. This includes reporters, correspondents, citizen journalists, editors, editorial-writers, columnists, and visual journalists, such as photojournalists (journalists who use the medium of photography). A reporter is a type of journalist who researches, writes and reports on information in order to present using sources. This may entail conducting interviews, information-gathering and/or writing articles. Reporters may split their time between working in a newsroom, or from home, and going ou ...
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