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Selfing Syndrome
Selfing syndrome refers to plants that are autogamous and display a complex of characteristics associated with self-pollination. The term was first coined by Adrien Sicard and Michael Lenhard in 2011, but was first described in detail by Charles Darwin in his book “The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom” (1876), making note that the flowers of self-fertilizing plants are typically smaller and have little distance between reproductive organs. Characteristics Plants that exhibit selfing syndrome typically possess reduced pigmentation and flower size, reduced herkogamy Herkogamy (or hercogamy) is the spatial separation of the anthers and stigma in hermaphroditic angiosperms. It is a common strategy for reducing self-fertilization. Common forms *Approach herkogamy - (called "pin flowers") is displayed when the ..., and the lack of reward for pollinators. Differences between outcrossing species versus selfing species can be clearly distinguished ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autogamy
Autogamy, or self-fertilization, refers to the fusion of two gametes that come from one individual. Autogamy is predominantly observed in the form of self-pollination, a reproductive mechanism employed by many flowering plants. However, species of protists have also been observed using autogamy as a means of reproduction. Flowering plants engage in autogamy regularly, while the protists that engage in autogamy only do so in stressful environments. Occurrence Protists ''Paramecium aurelia'' ''Paramecium aurelia'' is the most commonly studied protozoan for autogamy. Similar to other unicellular organisms, ''Paramecium aurelia'' typically reproduce asexually via binary fission or sexually via cross-fertilization. However, studies have shown that when put under nutritional stress, ''Paramecium aurelia'' will undergo meiosis and subsequent fusion of gametic-like nuclei. This process, defined as hemixis, a chromosomal rearrangement process, takes place in a number of steps. First, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Self-pollination
Self-pollination is a form of pollination in which pollen from the same plant arrives at the Stigma (botany), stigma of a flower (in flowering plants) or at the ovule (in gymnosperms). There are two types of self-pollination: in autogamy, pollen is transferred to the Stigma (botany), stigma of the same flower; in geitonogamy, pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on the same flowering plant, or from Microsporangia, microsporangium to ovule within a single (Monoecy, monoecious) gymnosperm. Some plants have mechanisms that ensure autogamy, such as flowers that do not open (cleistogamy), or stamens that move to come into contact with the stigma. The term selfing that is often used as a synonym, is not limited to self-pollination, but also applies to other types of self-fertilization. Occurrence Few plants self-pollinate without the aid of pollen vectors (such as wind or insects). The mechanism is seen most often in some legumes such as p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Herkogamy
Herkogamy (or hercogamy) is the spatial separation of the anthers and stigma in hermaphroditic angiosperms. It is a common strategy for reducing self-fertilization. Common forms *Approach herkogamy - (called "pin flowers") is displayed when the stigma is displayed above the level of the anthers. This arrangement of sex organs causes floral visitors to first contact the stigma, before removing pollen from the anthers. This form of herkogamy is considered to be common, and is associated with a large, diverse fauna of floral visitors/pollinators. *Reverse herkogamy - (called "thrum flowers") is displayed when the stigma is recessed below the level of the anthers. This arrangement causes floral visitors to first contact the anthers before the stigma. For this reason, reverse herkogamy is believed to facilitate greater pollen export than approach herkogamy. This type of sex-organ arrangement is typically associated with Lepidopteran (moth or butterfly) pollination. See also * Heteros ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collinsia Grandiflora
''Collinsia grandiflora'' is a species of flowering plant in the plantain family known by the common names giant blue eyed Mary and large-flowered collinsia. This wildflower is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California where it grows in coniferous understory and woodland. Description This is an erect annual herb reaching about 35 centimeters in maximum height. It produces a thin stem and narrow leaves and looks grasslike before flowering. It produces a showy inflorescence which is separated into interrupted levels, with each level producing a row of one to several flowers. Each pea-like flower is just over a centimeter wide and bright purple with white upper lips. The fruit is a capsule containing four seeds. The plant is relatively small, but its features are larger than most other ''Collinsia ''Collinsia'' is a genus of about 20 species of annual flowering plants, consisting of the blue eyed Marys and the Chinese houses. It was tradit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collinsia Parviflora 3683
''Collinsia'' is a genus of about 20 species of annual flowering plants, consisting of the blue eyed Marys and the Chinese houses. It was traditionally placed in the snapdragon family Scrophulariaceae, but following recent research in molecular genetics, it has now been placed in a much enlarged family Plantaginaceae. The genus is endemic to North America, and is named in honor of Zacchaeus Collins, a Philadelphia botanist of the late eighteenth/early nineteenth century. Many of the 20 species may be found in California. Two species, ''Collinsia parviflora'' (smallflower blue eyed Mary) and ''Collinsia violacea'' (violet blue eyed Mary), had medicinal uses among American Indian peoples. Species include: *''Collinsia antonina'' *''Collinsia bartsiifolia'' *'' Collinsia callosa'' *'' Collinsia childii'' *''Collinsia concolor'' *'' Collinsia corymbosa'' *''Collinsia grandiflora'' *''Collinsia greenei'' *'' Collinsia heterophylla'' *'' Collinsia linearis'' *''Collinsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
