|
SavageXP
S3 Graphics' Chrome series of graphics accelerators arrived in 2004 with the DeltaChrome line of chips. They were supplied as discrete, mobile, or integrated graphics. Overview In 2004 after the S3 Graphics company spun off their joint-venture with VIA, VIA attempted to re-launch the S3 Graphics brand with a new line of video cards under the name 'Chrome'. The Chrome range featured low power requirements and high-definition output making it attractive for small form factor scenarios and OEM systems. Unfortunately by the time Chrome released, the rapid progression of 3D gaming performance between rivals NVIDIA and ATI Technologies made S3's offerings uncompetitive in the lucrative high end consumer market. The Chrome series supports Direct3D 9 with full pixel shader 2.0 support, excluding the unreleased Savage XP/AlphaChrome and early UniChrome. Later GPUs in the series offer Direct3D 10, 10.1, and 11 support, depending on the GPU. S3's ''AcceleRAM'' technology allowed system R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
S3 Graphics
S3 Graphics, Ltd. was an American computer graphics company. The company sold the S3 Trio, Trio, S3 ViRGE, ViRGE, S3 Savage, Savage, and S3 Chrome, Chrome series of graphics processors. Struggling against competition from 3dfx Interactive, ATI Technologies, ATI and Nvidia, it merged with hardware manufacturer Diamond Multimedia in 1999. The resulting company renamed itself to SONICblue Incorporated, and, two years later, the graphics portion was spun off into a new joint effort with VIA Technologies. The new company focused on the mobile graphics market. VIA Technologies' stake in S3 Graphics was purchased by HTC in 2011. History S3 was founded and incorporated in January 1989 by Dado Banatao and Ronald Yara. It was named S3 as it was Banatao's third startup company. The company's first products were among the earliest graphical user interface (GUI) accelerators. These chips were popular with video card manufacturers, and their followup designs, including the S3 Trio, Trio64, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of VIA Chipsets
This is a list of computer motherboard chipsets made by VIA Technologies. Northbridge (computing), Northbridge chips are listed first, primarily by CPU-socket or CPU-family; Southbridge (computing), southbridge chips are listed in a later table. Background VIA chipsets support CPUs from Intel, AMD (e.g. the Athlon 64) and VIA themselves (e.g. the VIA C3 or VIA C7, C7). They support CPUs as old as the Intel 80386, i386 in the early 1990s. In the early 2000s, their chipsets began to offer on-chip graphics support from VIA's joint venture with S3 Graphics beginning in 2001; this support continued into the early 2010s, with the release of the VX11H in August 2012. VIA chipsets declined in popularity as other chipsets began to offer better performance, VIA entered other markets and Intel began to offer more powerful integrated graphics on their CPU dies. Chipsets by CPU socket The term ''V-Link'' indicates VIA's Northbridge (computing), northbridge/Southbridge (computing), southbrid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unified Shader Model
In the field of 3D computer graphics, the unified shader model (known in Direct3D 10 as " Shader Model 4.0") refers to a form of shader hardware in a graphical processing unit (GPU) where all of the shader stages in the rendering pipeline A pipeline is a system of Pipe (fluid conveyance), pipes for long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas, typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than of pipeline in 120 countries ... (geometry, vertex, pixel, etc.) have the same capabilities. They can all read textures and buffers, and they use instruction set architecture, instruction sets that are almost identical. History Earlier GPUs generally included two types of shader hardware, with the ''vertex shaders'' having considerably more instructions than the simpler ''pixel shaders''. This lowered the cost of implementation of the GPU as a whole, and allowed more shaders in total on a single unit. This was at the cost of mak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
65 Nanometer
The 65 nm process is an advanced lithographic node used in volume CMOS (MOSFET) semiconductor fabrication. Printed linewidths (i.e. transistor gate lengths) can reach as low as 25 nm on a nominally 65 nm process, while the pitch between two lines may be greater than 130 nm. Process node For comparison, cellular ribosomes are about 20 nm end-to-end. A crystal of bulk silicon has a lattice constant of 0.543 nm, so such transistors are on the order of 100 atoms across. By September 2007, Intel, AMD, IBM, UMC and Chartered were also producing 65 nm chips. While feature sizes may be drawn as 65 nm or less, the wavelengths of light used for lithography are 193 nm and 248 nm. Fabrication of sub-wavelength features requires special imaging technologies, such as optical proximity correction and phase-shifting masks. The cost of these techniques adds substantially to the cost of manufacturing sub-wavelength semiconductor products, with th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GDDR3
GDDR3 SDRAM (Graphics Double Data Rate 3 SDRAM) is a type of DDR SDRAM specialized for graphics processing units (GPUs) offering less access latency and greater device bandwidths compared to DDR2 SDRAM of the same generation. Its specification was developed by ATI Technologies in collaboration with DRAM vendors including Elpida Memory, Hynix Semiconductor, Infineon (later Qimonda) and Micron. It was later adopted as a JEDEC standard. Overview It has much the same technological base as DDR2, but the power and heat dispersal requirements have been reduced somewhat, allowing for higher performance memory modules, and simplified cooling systems. GDDR3 is not related to the JEDEC DDR3 specification. This memory uses internal terminators, enabling it to better handle certain graphics demands. To improve throughput, GDDR3 memory transfers 4 bits of data per pin in 2 clock cycles. The GDDR3 interface transfers two 32 bit wide data words per clock cycle from the I/O pins. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrome S27
Chrome 20 Series is a series of graphics accelerators by S3 Graphics. It was the successor of the GammaChrome S18 chip. Overview The Chrome 20 series was introduced on March 11, 2005, with the Chrome S25 and Chrome S27 as launch products. The S20 was marketed to the low and mid range of the graphics card market, similar to the PCI Express version of the GammaChrome S18 that preceded it. The Chromotion 3 Video Engine and low power consumption were main selling points. The S20 series marked S3's first products utilizing Fujitsu's 90 nm process. This enabled a significant increase in clock speeds over prior S3 products, and the Chrome 20 series could use 32-256MiB GDDR1 or GDDR3 memory at maximum if 700 MHz, or 64-512MiB GDDR2 memory at a maximum of 500 MHz. The S20 was also S3's first GDDR3 enabled product - with the memory interface supporting 32, 64, or 128-bit of GDDR1, GDDR2 or GDDR3 memory. Similar to Radeon X1000 series, texturing units and raster operators a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GDDR2
Double Data Rate 2 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR2 SDRAM) is a double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) interface. It is a JEDEC standard (JESD79-2); first published in September 2003. DDR2 succeeded the original DDR SDRAM specification, and was itself succeeded by DDR3 SDRAM in 2007. DDR2 DIMMs are neither forward compatible with DDR3 nor backward compatible with DDR. In addition to double pumping the data bus as in DDR SDRAM (transferring data on the rising and falling edges of the bus clock signal), DDR2 allows higher bus speed and requires lower power by running the internal clock at half the speed of the data bus. The two factors combine to produce a total of four data transfers per internal clock cycle. Since the DDR2 internal clock runs at half the DDR external clock rate, DDR2 memory operating at the same external data bus clock rate as DDR results in DDR2 being able to provide the same bandwidth but with better lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PCIe
PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express), officially abbreviated as PCIe, is a high-speed standard used to connect hardware components inside computers. It is designed to replace older expansion bus standards such as Peripheral Component Interconnect, PCI, PCI-X and Accelerated Graphics Port, AGP. Developed and maintained by the PCI-SIG (PCI Special Interest Group), PCIe is commonly used to connect graphics cards, sound cards, Wi-Fi and Ethernet adapters, and storage devices such as solid-state drives and hard disk drives. Compared to earlier standards, PCIe supports faster data transfer, uses fewer pins, takes up less space, and allows devices to be added or removed while the computer is running (hot swapping). It also includes better error detection and supports newer features like I/O virtualization for advanced computing needs. PCIe connections are made through "lanes," which are pairs of wires that send and receive data. Devices can use one or more lanes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrome S25
Chrome 20 Series is a series of graphics accelerators by S3 Graphics. It was the successor of the GammaChrome S18 chip. Overview The Chrome 20 series was introduced on March 11, 2005, with the Chrome S25 and Chrome S27 as launch products. The S20 was marketed to the low and mid range of the graphics card market, similar to the PCI Express version of the GammaChrome S18 that preceded it. The Chromotion 3 Video Engine and low power consumption were main selling points. The S20 series marked S3's first products utilizing Fujitsu's 90 nm process. This enabled a significant increase in clock speeds over prior S3 products, and the Chrome 20 series could use 32-256MiB GDDR1 or GDDR3 memory at maximum if 700 MHz, or 64-512MiB GDDR2 memory at a maximum of 500 MHz. The S20 was also S3's first GDDR3 enabled product - with the memory interface supporting 32, 64, or 128-bit of GDDR1, GDDR2 or GDDR3 memory. Similar to Radeon X1000 series, texturing units and raster operators a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shader Model 2
The High-Level Shader Language or High-Level Shading Language (HLSL) is a proprietary shading language developed by Microsoft for the Direct3D 9 API to augment the shader assembly language, and went on to become the required shading language for the unified shader model of Direct3D 10 and higher. HLSL is analogous to the GLSL shading language used with the OpenGL standard. It is very similar to the Nvidia Cg shading language, as it was developed alongside it. Early versions of the two languages were considered identical, only marketed differently. HLSL shaders can enable profound speed and detail increases as well as many special effects in both 2D and 3D computer graphics. HLSL programs come in six forms: pixel shaders (fragment in GLSL), vertex shaders, geometry shaders, compute shaders, tessellation shaders (Hull and Domain shaders), and ray tracing shaders (Ray Generation Shaders, Intersection Shaders, Any Hit/Closest Hit/Miss Shaders). A vertex shader is executed for ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DDR SDRAM
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR SDRAM) is a double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) class of memory integrated circuits used in computers. DDR SDRAM, also retroactively called DDR1 SDRAM, has been superseded by DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM, DDR4 SDRAM and DDR5 SDRAM. None of its successors are forward or backward compatible with DDR1 SDRAM, meaning DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 and DDR5 memory modules will not work on DDR1-equipped motherboards, and vice versa. Compared to single data rate ( SDR) SDRAM, the DDR SDRAM interface makes higher transfer rates possible through more strict control of the timing of the electrical data and clock signals. Implementations often have to use schemes such as phase-locked loops and self-calibration to reach the required timing accuracy. The interface uses double pumping (transferring data on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal) to double data bus bandwidth without a cor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertex Shaders
In computer graphics, a shader is a computer program that calculates the appropriate levels of light, darkness, and color during the rendering of a 3D scene—a process known as ''shading''. Shaders have evolved to perform a variety of specialized functions in computer graphics special effects and video post-processing, as well as general-purpose computing on graphics processing units. Traditional shaders calculate rendering effects on graphics hardware with a high degree of flexibility. Most shaders are coded for (and run on) a graphics processing unit (GPU), though this is not a strict requirement. ''Shading languages'' are used to program the GPU's rendering pipeline, which has mostly superseded the fixed-function pipeline of the past that only allowed for common geometry transforming and pixel-shading functions; with shaders, customized effects can be used. The position and color ( hue, saturation, brightness, and contrast) of all pixels, vertices, and/or textures ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
