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Sarcocolla
''Astragalus sarcocolla'' ( Greek σαρκοκόλλα, from σάρξ "flesh", and κόλλᾰ "glue"; Arabic anzarūṭ, ʿanzarūt, kuḥl fārisī, kuḥl kirmānī; Persian anzarūt, tashm (< čashm), kandjubā) is a historical shrub or tree from , identified with a species of '' Astragalus'' ( Papilionaceae), also denoting its balsam. Plant Flower of sarcocolla Formerly, the genus '' |
Penaea Sarcocolla
''Penaea sarcocolla'' is a species of shrub in the genus Penaea. It is endemic to the Western Cape, along the coast up to Cape Agulhas and extending inland to Franschhoek, Hottentots Holland Mountains, Villiersdorp and Genadendal Genadendal is a town in the Western Cape province of South Africa, built on the site of the oldest mission station in the country. It was originally known as Baviaanskloof, but was renamed Genadendal in 1806. Genadendal was the place of the fir .... It is also known as the Cape fellwort. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q17602644 Penaeaceae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penaea
''Penaea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Penaeaceae, found in southern South Africa. They have an unusual type of embryo sac development; after two rounds of mitosis, four nuclei are formed at each pole, leading to a mature embryo sac containing four polar groups each with three cells. When found in other taxa, these embryo sacs are termed ''Penaea''-type. Species Currently accepted species include: *''Penaea acuta'' Thunb. *'' Penaea acutifolia'' A.Juss. *'' Penaea candolleana'' Stephens *'' Penaea cneorum'' Meerb. *'' Penaea dahlgrenii'' Rourke *'' Penaea dubia'' Stephens *'' Penaea ericifolia'' (A.Juss.) Gilg *''Penaea ericoides'' (A.Juss.) Endl. *'' Penaea formosa'' Thunb. *''Penaea fruticulosa'' L.f. *'' Penaea fucata'' L. *'' Penaea geneiophora'' Byng & Christenh. *''Penaea gigantea'' (R.Dahlgren) Byng & Christenh. *'' Penaea lanceolata'' (R.Dahlgren) Byng & Christenh. *'' Penaea lateriflora'' L.f. *''Penaea micrantha'' (R.Dahlgren) Byng & Christenh. *''Penae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penaea Squamosa
''Penaea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Penaeaceae, found in southern South Africa. They have an unusual type of embryo sac development; after two rounds of mitosis, four nuclei are formed at each pole, leading to a mature embryo sac containing four polar groups each with three cells. When found in other taxa, these embryo sacs are termed ''Penaea''-type. Species Currently accepted species include: *''Penaea acuta'' Thunb. *''Penaea acutifolia'' A.Juss. *'' Penaea candolleana'' Stephens *'' Penaea cneorum'' Meerb. *'' Penaea dahlgrenii'' Rourke *''Penaea dubia'' Stephens *''Penaea ericifolia'' (A.Juss.) Gilg *''Penaea ericoides'' (A.Juss.) Endl. *'' Penaea formosa'' Thunb. *''Penaea fruticulosa'' L.f. *''Penaea fucata'' L. *'' Penaea geneiophora'' Byng & Christenh. *''Penaea gigantea'' (R.Dahlgren) Byng & Christenh. *'' Penaea lanceolata'' (R.Dahlgren) Byng & Christenh. *''Penaea lateriflora'' L.f. *''Penaea micrantha'' (R.Dahlgren) Byng & Christenh. *''Penaea mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penaea Mucronata
''Penaea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Penaeaceae, found in southern South Africa. They have an unusual type of embryo sac development; after two rounds of mitosis, four nuclei are formed at each pole, leading to a mature embryo sac containing four polar groups each with three cells. When found in other taxa, these embryo sacs are termed ''Penaea''-type. Species Currently accepted species include: *''Penaea acuta'' Thunb. *'' Penaea acutifolia'' A.Juss. *'' Penaea candolleana'' Stephens *'' Penaea cneorum'' Meerb. *'' Penaea dahlgrenii'' Rourke *''Penaea dubia'' Stephens *'' Penaea ericifolia'' (A.Juss.) Gilg *''Penaea ericoides'' (A.Juss.) Endl. *'' Penaea formosa'' Thunb. *''Penaea fruticulosa'' L.f. *'' Penaea fucata'' L. *'' Penaea geneiophora'' Byng & Christenh. *''Penaea gigantea'' (R.Dahlgren) Byng & Christenh. *'' Penaea lanceolata'' (R.Dahlgren) Byng & Christenh. *'' Penaea lateriflora'' L.f. *''Penaea micrantha'' (R.Dahlgren) Byng & Christenh. *''Penaea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balsam
Balsam is the resinous exudate (or sap) which forms on certain kinds of trees and shrubs. Balsam (from Latin balsamum "gum of the balsam tree", ultimately from Semitic, Aramaic ''busma'', Arabic ''balsam'' and Hebrew ''basam'', "spice", "perfume") owes its name to the biblical Balm of Gilead. Chemistry Balsam is a solution of plant-specific resins in plant-specific solvents (essential oils). Such resins can include resin acids, esters, or alcohols. The exudate is a mobile to highly viscous liquid and often contains crystallized resin particles. Over time and as a result of other influences the exudate loses its liquidizing components or gets chemically converted into a solid material (i.e. by autoxidation). Some authors require balsams to contain benzoic or cinnamic acid or their esters. Plant resins are sometimes classified according to other plant constituents in the mixture, for example as: * pure resins (guaiac, hashish), * gum-resins (containing gums/polysaccharides) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oxford Latin Dictionary
The ''Oxford Latin Dictionary'' (or ''OLD'') is the standard English lexicon of Classical Latin, compiled from sources written before AD 200. Begun in 1933, it was published in fascicles between 1968 and 1982; a lightly revised second edition was released in 2012. The dictionary was created in order to meet the need for a more modern Latin-English dictionary than Lewis & Short's ''A Latin Dictionary'' (1879), while being less ambitious in scope than the ''Thesaurus Linguae Latinae'' (in progress). It was based on a new reading of classical sources, in the light of the advances in lexicography in creating the ''Oxford English Dictionary''. History Although Lewis and Short's ''Latin Dictionary'' was widely used in the English world by the end of the nineteenth century, its faults were widely felt among classicists. While Oxford University Press had attempted the creation of a new Latin dictionary as early as 1875, these projects failed. The ''OLD'' was spurred by the submissi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Materia Medica
(Latin name for the Greek work , , both meaning "On Medical Material") is a pharmacopoeia of medicinal plants and the medicines that can be obtained from them. The five-volume work was written between 50 and 70 CE by Pedanius Dioscorides, a Greek physician in the Roman army. It was widely read for more than 1,500 years until supplanted by revised herbals in the Renaissance, making it one of the longest-lasting of all natural history and pharmacology books. The work describes many drugs known to be effective, including aconite, aloes, colocynth, colchicum, henbane, opium and squill. In all, about 600 plants are covered, along with some animals and mineral substances, and around 1000 medicines made from them. was circulated as illustrated manuscripts, copied by hand, in Greek, Latin and Arabic throughout the mediaeval period. From the 16th century on, Dioscorides' text was translated into Italian, German, Spanish, and French, and in 1655 into English. It formed the basis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galenus
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus ( el, Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 – c. AD 216), often Anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Greek physician, surgeon and philosopher in the Roman Empire. Considered to be one of the most accomplished of all medical researchers of antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology, as well as philosophy and logic. The son of Aelius Nicon, a wealthy Greek architect with scholarly interests, Galen received a comprehensive education that prepared him for a successful career as a physician and philosopher. Born in the ancient city of Pergamon (present-day Bergama, Turkey), Galen traveled extensively, exposing himself to a wide variety of medical theories and discoveries before settling in Rome, where he served prominent members of Roman society and eventually was given the position of personal physician to several e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Language
Greek ( el, label=Modern Greek, Ελληνικά, Elliniká, ; grc, Ἑλληνική, Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Italy (Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with the epics of Homer, ancient Greek literature includes many works of lasting impo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pliny The Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic ''Naturalis Historia'' (''Natural History''), which became an editorial model for encyclopedias. He spent most of his spare time studying, writing, and investigating natural and geographic phenomena in the field. His nephew, Pliny the Younger, wrote of him in a letter to the historian Tacitus: Among Pliny's greatest works was the twenty-volume work ''Bella Germaniae'' ("The History of the German Wars"), which is no longer extant. ''Bella Germaniae'', which began where Aufidius Bassus' ''Libri Belli Germanici'' ("The War with the Germans") left off, was used as a source by other prominent Roman historians, including Plutarch, Tacitus and Suetonius. Tacitus—who many scholars agree had never travelled in Germania—used ''Bella Germani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Kindi
Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (; ar, أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; la, Alkindus; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and music theorist. Al-Kindi was the first of the Islamic peripatetic philosophers, and is hailed as the "father of Arab philosophy". Al-Kindi was born in Kufa and educated in Baghdad. He became a prominent figure in the House of Wisdom, and a number of Abbasid Caliphs appointed him to oversee the translation of Greek scientific and philosophical texts into the Arabic language. This contact with "the philosophy of the ancients" (as Hellenistic philosophy was often referred to by Muslim scholars) had a profound effect on him, as he synthesized, adapted and promoted Hellenistic and Peripatetic philosophy in the Muslim world. He subsequently wrote hundreds of original treatises of his own on a range of subjects ranging from metaphysics, ethi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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