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Samuel Orton
Samuel Torrey Orton (October 15, 1879 – November 17, 1948) was an United States of America, American physician who pioneered the study of Learning disability, learning disabilities. He examined the causes and treatment of dyslexia. Career Orton's interest in learning disabilities stemmed from his early work as a pathologist in Massachusetts, where he worked with adult patients with brain damage. This led him to study why some children with apparently intact neurological functioning have language disabilities. In 1919, Orton was hired as the founding director of the State Psychopathic Hospital in Iowa City, Iowa, and chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine. In 1925, Orton set up a 2-week mobile clinic in Greene County, Iowa to evaluate students referred by teachers because they "were retarded or failing in their school work." Orton found that 14 of the students who were referred pri ...
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United States Of America
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. The United States is also in free association with three Pacific Island sovereign states: the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations. With a population of over 333 million, it is the most populous country in the Americas and the third most populous in the world. The national capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. and its most populous city and principal financial center is New York City. Paleo ...
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Orton-Gillingham
The Orton-Gillingham approach is a multisensory phonics technique for remedial reading instruction developed in the early-20th century. It is practiced as a direct, explicit, cognitive, cumulative, and multi-sensory approach. While it is most commonly associated with teaching individuals with dyslexia, it is highly effective for all individuals learning to read, spell, and write. In the US, it is promoted by more than 15 commercial programs as well as several private schools for students with dyslexia and related learning disabilities. The ''Academy of Orton-Gillingham'', originally named “The Orton Society”, certifies individuals who have taken a training program with an OGA Fellow and who have completed a supervised practicum. This certifying committee is accredited under the NYS Board of regents. Orton and Gillingham Samuel Torrey Orton (1879–1948), a neuropsychiatrist and pathologist at Columbia University, studied children with language-processing difficulties such ...
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University Of Iowa Faculty
A university () is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in several academic disciplines. Universities typically offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In the United States, the designation is reserved for colleges that have a graduate school. The word ''university'' is derived from the Latin ''universitas magistrorum et scholarium'', which roughly means "community of teachers and scholars". The first universities were created in Europe by Catholic Church monks. The University of Bologna (''Università di Bologna''), founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *Being a high degree-awarding institute. *Having independence from the ecclesiastic schools, although conducted by both clergy and non-clergy. *Using the word ''universitas'' (which was coined at its foundation). *Issuing secular and non-secular degrees: grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law.Hunt Janin: "The university ...
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Taft School Alumni
Taft most commonly refers to William Howard Taft (1857–1930), 27th president of the United States. Taft may also refer to: People * Taft (surname), including a list of people with the name *Taft family, a political dynasty that includes President Taft * Justice Taft (other) Place names Germany *Taft (Ulster), a river of Hesse and Thuringia, tributary of the Ulster Iran * Taft, Fars, a village in Poshtkuh-e Rostam Rural District * Taft, Yazd, a city in Yazd Province *Taft County, a county in Yazd Province that includes the above city Philippines *Taft, Eastern Samar *Taft Avenue **Taft Avenue MRT Station United States * Taft, California * Taft, California, former name of Cromberg, California * Taft, Florida * Taft, Kentucky * Taft, Louisiana * Taft, Minnesota * Taft, Missouri * Taft, Montana * Taft, Oklahoma * Taft, Oregon * Taft, Tennessee * Taft, Texas * Taft, Virginia * Taft, Wisconsin * The Taft School in Watertown, Connecticut, founded by Horace Dutton Taft ...
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Learning Disabilities
Learning disability, learning disorder, or learning difficulty (British English) is a condition in the brain that causes difficulties comprehending or processing information and can be caused by several different factors. Given the "difficulty learning in a typical manner", this does not exclude the ability to learn in a different manner. Therefore, some people can be more accurately described as having a "learning difference", thus avoiding any misconception of being disabled with a lack of ability to learn and possible negative stereotyping. In the United Kingdom, the term "learning disability" generally refers to an intellectual disability, while difficulties such as dyslexia and dyspraxia are usually referred to as "learning difficulties". While ''learning disability'' and ''learning disorder'' are often used interchangeably, they differ in many ways. Disorder refers to significant learning problems in an academic area. These problems, however, are not enough to warrant a ...
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1948 Deaths
Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The Constitution of New Jersey (later subject to amendment) goes into effect. ** The railways of Britain are nationalized, to form British Railways. * January 4 – Burma gains its independence from the United Kingdom, becoming an independent republic, named the ''Union of Burma'', with Sao Shwe Thaik as its first President, and U Nu its first Prime Minister. * January 5 ** Warner Brothers shows the first color newsreel (''Tournament of Roses Parade'' and the '' Rose Bowl Game''). ** The first Kinsey Report, ''Sexual Behavior in the Human Male'', is published in the United States. * January 7 – Mantell UFO incident: Kentucky Air National Guard pilot Thomas Mantell crashes while in pursuit of an unidentified flying object. * January 12 – Mahatma Gandhi begins his fast-unto-death in Delhi, to stop communal violence during the Partition of India. * January 1 ...
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1879 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – The Specie Resumption Act takes effect. The United States Note is valued the same as gold, for the first time since the American Civil War. * January 11 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins. * January 22 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Isandlwana: A force of 1,200 British soldiers is wiped out by over 20,000 Zulu warriors. * January 23 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Rorke's Drift: Following the previous day's defeat, a smaller British force of 140 successfully repels an attack by 4,000 Zulus. * February 3 – Mosley Street in Newcastle upon Tyne (England) becomes the world's first public highway to be lit by the electric incandescent light bulb invented by Joseph Swan. * February 8 – At a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institute, engineer and inventor Sandford Fleming first proposes the global adoption of standard time. * March 3 – United States Geological Survey is founded. * March 11 – Th ...
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International Dyslexia Association
The International Dyslexia Association (IDA) is a non-profit education and advocacy organization devoted to issues surrounding dyslexia. It is based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. The International Dyslexia Association serves individuals with dyslexia, their families, and professionals in the field. It has 9,000 members and it operates with more than 40 branches throughout the United States and Canada, and has global partners in twenty-one countries. IDA has an all-volunteer Board of Directors. The IDA provides information about dyslexia on its website, publishes a peer-reviewed scientific journal (''Annals of Dyslexia''), publishes newsletter updates to members; provides referral services to individuals and professionals; advocates for the rights of individuals with dyslexia through the legal and Federal legislative systems. IDA is working to match increasing demand for teacher training and teacher preparation aligned with the IDA Knowledge & Practice standards. The IDA ...
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Spalding Method
The Spalding Method is a means of teaching reading by focusing first on phonics and writing. It was developed by Romalda Bishop Spalding in the late 1950s as a multi-disciplinary educational tool. References External links www.spalding.org See also *Dyslexia * List of Phonics Programs * Orton-Gillingham *Samuel Orton Samuel Torrey Orton (October 15, 1879 – November 17, 1948) was an United States of America, American physician who pioneered the study of Learning disability, learning disabilities. He examined the causes and treatment of dyslexia. Career Ort ... {{Dyslexia Phonics curricula Learning to read Reading (process) Basal readers acquisition-stub ...
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List Of Phonics Programs
A list of commercial phonics programs designed for teaching reading in English (arranged by country of origin to acknowledge regional language variations). United States * Open Court Reading; name changed to "Imagine It!" in 2008 * Orton-Gillingham * Phono-graphix (1993) – developed by Carmen and Geoffrey McGuinness * Preventing Academic Failure (PAF) program (1978) * Reading Mastery by SRA/McGraw-Hill, previously known as DISTAR * Smart Way Reading and Spelling (2001) * Spalding Method Online and software programs * JumpStart Phonics * Starfall (website) See also * Phonics * Reading * Synthetic phonics Synthetic phonics, also known as ''blended phonics'' or ''inductive phonics'', is a method of teaching English reading which first teaches the letter sounds and then builds up to blending these sounds together to achieve full pronunciation of who ... References {{reflist Phonics curricula Phonics ...
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Dyslexia
Dyslexia, also known until the 1960s as word blindness, is a disorder characterized by reading below the expected level for one's age. Different people are affected to different degrees. Problems may include difficulties in spelling words, reading quickly, writing words, "sounding out" words in the head, pronouncing words when reading aloud and understanding what one reads. Often these difficulties are first noticed at school. The difficulties are involuntary, and people with this disorder have a normal desire to learn. People with dyslexia have higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), developmental language disorders, and difficulties with numbers. Dyslexia is believed to be caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases run in families. Dyslexia that develops due to a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia is sometimes called "acquired dyslexia" or alexia. The underlying mechanisms of dyslexia result from differ ...
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Anna Gillingham
Anna Gillingham (1878–1963) was an educator and psychologist, known for her contributions to the Orton-Gillingham method for teaching children with dyslexia how to read. Early life and education Gillingham was born on July 12, 1879. She was home-schooled by her parents, who were both teachers. She spent much of her childhood living on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, where her father was the local Indian agent. She graduated from Swarthmore in 1900, but later earned a second B.A. from Radcliffe, followed by a master's degree from Columbia Teachers College. Career Working with Dr. Samuel Orton, she trained teachers and published instructional materials regarding reading instruction, producing the Orton-Gillingham approach to reading instruction. With Bessie Stillman, she wrote what has become the Orton–Gillingham manual: ''Remedial Training for Children with Specific Disability in Reading, Spelling and Penmanship.'' First published in 1935/6, this work is updated and ...
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