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Salwe
Salwe ( my, စလွယ်, ) are issues for Burmese orders. A ''salwe'' is a shoulder-belt formed with metal chains, normally fashioned in gold or silver, which are fastened in four places, in shields or bosses, and worn over the shoulder like an officer's sash. The Burmese monarchy used the ''salwe'' was purely secular, as it was used to recognize merit and service to the state. Etymology and origins The Burmese language word ''salwe'' is a corruption of the Hindi term ''janeu'' (जनेऊ). '' Janeu'' (also known as ''upanayana'') in Hindi, refers to a sacred investiture or Brahminical cord found in the higher castes of Hindu society. It is of ancient Burmese origin. The ''salwe'' is referenced in the ''Salwedin Sadan'' (Book of the Order), a Burmese text that states the number of ''salwe'' cords that members of each of the four Hindu ''varna''s wore: #Rulers ('' Khattiya'') - 9 cords #Ritualists (''Brahmana'') - 6 cords #Merchants ('' Vessa'') - 1-3 cords #Commoners ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bamar
The Bamar (, ; also known as the Burmans) are a Sino-Tibetan ethnic group native to Myanmar (formerly Burma) in Southeast Asia. With approximately 35 million people, the Bamar make up the largest ethnic group in Myanmar, constituting 68% of the country's population. The geographic homeland of the Bamar is the Irrawaddy River basin. Burmese is the native language of the Bamar, as well as the national language and lingua franca of Myanmar. Ethnonyms In the Burmese language, Bamar (ဗမာ, also transcribed Bama) and Myanmar (မြန်မာ, also transliterated Mranma and transcribed Myanma) have historically been interchangeable endonyms. Burmese is a diglossic language; "Bamar" is the diglossic low form of "Myanmar," which is the diglossic high equivalent. The term "Myanmar" is extant to the early 1100s, first appearing on a stone inscription, where it was used as a cultural identifier, and has continued to be used in this manner. From the onset of British colonial r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha
The Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha or the Order of Thiri Thudhamma ( my, သီရိသုဓမ္မသင်္ဂဟ, ''Thirí Thúdanma Thingăhá''; , from pi, sudhamma saṅgaha) was the highest Burmese commendation during the AFPFL era. In that day, Burmese orders could be also used as titles. Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha was founded on 2 September 1948. It is awarded in three classes: # Agga Maha Thiri Thudhamma – Grand Commander # Sado Thiri Thudhamma – Grand Officer # Maha Thiri Thudhamma – Companion The first class consisted of a gold braided salwe worn over the right shoulder and across the breast with two badges of the order appended in the front, and also a large gold enamelled breast star. The second class consisted a single, breast star similar to the first class but smaller. Third class was a badge, worn from a ribbon around the neck. Generally speaking, the first class was conferred to the Head of State of the Union of Burma (1948–1962) and th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyidaungsu Sithu Thingaha
The Order of the Union of Myanmar ( my, ပြည်ထောင်စုစည်သူသင်္ဂဟ ) is the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the government of Myanmar (also known as Burma). The order was founded on 2 September 1948 as a replacement for the British Order of Burma. The original order had been founded by Royal Warrant on 10 May 1940. The title ''Pyidaungsu Sithu Thingaha'' may be used by the awardee. Award classes The Order of the Union of Burma is awarded in two divisions (military and civil) and each of these is split into five classes: #အဂ္ဂမဟာသရေစည်သူ Agga Maha Thray Sithu - Grand Commander #သတိုးမဟာသရေစည်သူ Thado Maha Thray Sithu - Grand Officer #မဟာသရေစည်သူ Maha Thray Sithu - Commander #သရေစည်သူ Thray Sithu - Officer #စည်သူ Sithu - Member The first class consists of a gold braided salwe worn across the breast with the badge of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Konbaung Dynasty
The Konbaung dynasty ( my, ကုန်းဘောင်ခေတ်, ), also known as Third Burmese Empire (တတိယမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်) and formerly known as the Alompra dynasty (အလောင်းဘုရားမင်းဆက်, Alaungphra dynasty) and the Hunter dynasty (မုဆိုးမင်းဆက် Mokso dynasty / မုဆိုးဘိုမင်းဆက် Moksobo dynasty), was the last dynasty that ruled Myanmar, Burma/Myanmar from 1752 to 1885. It created the second-largest empire in history of Myanmar, Burmese history and continued the administrative reforms begun by the Toungoo dynasty, laying the foundations of the modern state of Burma. The reforms, however, proved insufficient to stem the advance of the British Empire, British, who defeated the Burmese in all three Anglo-Burmese Wars over a six-decade span (1824–1885) and ended the millennium-old Burmese monarchy in 1885. An expansionist dynasty, the K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Museum Of Ethnology, Osaka - National Costume Of Burma - Mandalay, Burma
National may refer to: Common uses * Nation or country ** Nationality – a ''national'' is a person who is subject to a nation, regardless of whether the person has full rights as a citizen Places in the United States * National, Maryland, census-designated place * National, Nevada, ghost town * National, Utah, ghost town * National, West Virginia, unincorporated community Commerce * National (brand), a brand name of electronic goods from Panasonic * National Benzole (or simply known as National), former petrol station chain in the UK, merged with BP * National Car Rental, an American rental car company * National Energy Systems, a former name of Eco Marine Power * National Entertainment Commission, a former name of the Media Rating Council * National Motor Vehicle Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 1900-1924 * National Supermarkets, a defunct American grocery store chain * National String Instrument Corporation, a guitar company formed to manufacture the first resonator g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Burma
Myanmar (Names of Myanmar, also known as Burma) operates ''de jure'' as a unitary state, unitary List of countries by system of government#Assembly-independent republican systems, assembly-independent republic under its 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, 2008 constitution. On 1 February 2021, Tatmadaw, Myanmar's military took over the government in 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, a coup, causing ongoing 2021 Myanmar protests, anti-coup protests. Political conditions The history of Myanmar, formerly called Burma, began with the Pagan Kingdom in 849. Although each kingdom has constantly been at war with their neighbors, it was the largest South East Asian Empire during the 16th century under the Toungoo dynasty, Taungoo Dynasty. The thousand-year line of Burmese monarchy ended with the Third Anglo-Burmese War in 1885. The country was then administered as part of British India until 1937. British rule in Burma, British Burma began with its official recognition on the colonial map that mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sawbwa
Chao-Pha (; Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the Tai peoples of Mong Dun, Mong Shan, Mong Mao, kingdoms of Thai and Tai-Khamti people. According to local chronicles, some fiefdoms of Chao-Pha date from as early as the 2nd century BCE; however, the earlier sections of these chronicles are generally agreed to be legendary. Overview During British colonial rule, there were 14 to 16 Chao-Phas at a time, each ruling a highly autonomous state, until 1922 when the Federated Shan States were formed and the Chao-Phas powers were reduced. However, they nominally kept their positions as well as their courts and still played a role in local administration until they collectively relinquished their titles in favour of the Union of Burma in 1959. Shan is the semi-independent Shan States (Muang, shn, my-Mymr, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uparaja
Uparaja or Ouparath, also Ouparaja ( my, ဥပရာဇာ ; km, ឧបរាជ, ; th, อุปราช, ; lo, ອຸປຮາດ, ''Oupahat''), was a royal title reserved for the viceroy in the Buddhist dynasties in Burma, Cambodia, and Laos and Thailand, as well as some of their minor tributary kingdoms. Burma The Great Deputy King, in full Maha Uparaja Anaudrapa Ainshe Min, incorrectly interpreted as Crown Prince by Europeans, and addressed as His Royal Highness, was the single highest rank among the Min-nyi Min-tha, i.e. princes of the royal blood. It is shortened to Einshay Min (, ). However, the position was not reserved for the highest birth rank (if there is one, ''Shwe Kodaw-gyi Awratha'', i.e. eldest son of the sovereign, by his chief Queen), nor did it carry a plausible promise of succession, which was usually only settled in an ultimate power struggle. Cambodia The word Ouparach ( km, ឧបរាជ) is derived from both Sanskrit and Pali languages, literall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaishya
Vaishya (Sanskrit: वैश्य, ''vaiśya'') is one of the four Varna (Hinduism), varnas of the Hinduism, Hindu social order in India. Vaishyas are classed third in the order of caste hierarchy. The occupation of Vaishyas consists mainly of agriculture, taking care of cattle, trade and other business pursuits. Traditional duties Hindu religious texts assigned Vaishyas to traditional roles in agriculture and Cattle, cattle-rearing, but over time they came to be landowners, Merchant, traders and money-lenders. Therefore making it their responsibility to provide sustenance for those of higher class, since they were of lower class. The Vaishyas, along with members of the Brahmin and Kshatriya varnas, claim ''dvija'' status ("twice born", a second or spiritual birth) after sacrament of initiation as in Hindu theology. Indian traders were widely credited for the spread of Indian culture to regions as far as Greater India, southeast Asia. Historically, Vaishyas have been involv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shudra
Shudra or ''Shoodra'' (Sanskrit: ') is one of the four '' varnas'' of the Hindu caste system and social order in ancient India. Various sources translate it into English as a caste, or alternatively as a social class. Theoretically, class serving other three classes. The word caste comes from the Portuguese word casta. The word ''Shudra'' appears in the '' Rig Veda'' and it is found in other Hindu texts such as the ''Manusmriti'', ''Arthashastra'', '' Dharmashastras'' and '' Jyotishshastra''. In some cases, shudras participated in the coronation of kings, or were ministers and kings according to early Indian texts. History Vedas The term ''śūdra'' appears only once in the ''Rigveda''. This mention is found in the mythical story of creation embodied in the ''Purusha Sukta ("The Hymn of Man").'' It describes the formation of the four varnas from the body of a primeval man. It states that the brahmin emerged from his mouth, the kshatriya from his arms, the vaishya from his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order (decoration)
An order is a visible honour awarded by a sovereign state, monarch, dynastic house or organisation to a person, typically in recognition of individual merit, that often comes with distinctive insignia such as collars, medals, badges, and sashes worn by recipients. Modern honour systems of state orders and dynastic orders emerged from the culture of orders of chivalry of the Middle Ages, which in turn emerged from the Catholic religious orders. Terminology The word order ( la, ordo), in the case referred to in this article, can be traced back to the chivalric orders, including the military orders, which in turn trace the name of their organisation back to that of the Catholic religious orders. Orders began to be created ''ad hoc'' and in a more courtly nature. Some were merely honorary and gradually the ''badges'' of these orders (i.e. the association) began to be known informally as ''orders''. As a result, the modern distinction between ''orders'' and ''decorations'' or ''ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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