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SZhD
The Soviet Railways (Russian: Советские железные дороги (СЖД)) was the state owned national railway system of the Soviet Union, headquartered in Moscow. The railway started operations in December 1922, shortly after the formation of the Soviet Union. Soviet Railways greatly upgraded and expanded the Russian Imperial Railways to meet the demands of the new country. It operated until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. The Soviet Railways were the largest unified railway in the world and the backbone of the Soviet Union's economy. The railway was directly under the control of the Ministry of Railways in the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Soviet Railways split into fifteen different national railways belonging to the respective countries. However, after the end of Soviet Railways, rail transport in the former Soviet states greatly declined and have not recovered to their former efficiency to this day. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
4-8-4
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles, eight powered and coupled driving wheels on four axles and four trailing wheels on two axles. The type was first used by the Northern Pacific Railway, and initially named the Northern Pacific, but railfans and railroad employees have shortened the name since its introduction. It is most-commonly known as a Northern. Overview Development The wheel arrangement was a progression from the Mountain type and, like the Berkshire and Hudson types, an example of the "Super Power" concept in steam locomotive design that made use of the larger firebox that could be supported by a four-wheel trailing truck, which allowed greater production of steam. The four-wheel leading truck gave stability at speed and the eight driving wheels gave greater adhesion. The evolution to the type occurred in the United States of America soon after the Lima Lo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kyrgyz Railways
The Kyrgyz Railway (KTJ) is the national railway developer of Kyrgyzstan. Track Network and Rolling Stock Kyrgyz Railway operates about 320 km of single track lines (with a total track length of 428 km). After the Soviet Union broke up, Kyrgyz Railways obtained 2,500 freight cars, 450 passenger cars and 50 locomotives from the Soviet railways. However, the 1998 financial crisis drastically reduced spending on the railways. The current rail network is based on the inheritance from the former Soviet Union and as such has a broad gauge of . Traffic Freight traffic is now only 13% of its 1990 level, 330 million tkm in 2001, compared to 2,620 million tkm in 1990 and is still falling. Passenger traffic is only about 25% of what it was in 1990. While freight services are profitable, passenger services are losing money, since fares are regulated by the Anti-Monopoly Committee, and travel is due to long distances and slow railways partly taken over by air travel. Also, the lin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abkhazia
Abkhazia, ka, აფხაზეთი, tr, , xmf, აბჟუა, abzhua, or ( or ), officially the Republic of Abkhazia, is a partially recognised state in the South Caucasus, recognised by most countries as part of Georgia, which views the region as an autonomous republic.Olga Oliker, Thomas S. Szayna. Faultlines of Conflict in Central Asia and the South Caucasus: Implications for the U.S. Army. Rand Corporation, 2003, .Emmanuel Karagiannis. Energy and Security in the Caucasus. Routledge, 2002. .''The Guardian''Georgia up in arms over Olympic cash/ref> It lies on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, south of the Greater Caucasus mountains in northwestern Georgia. It covers and has a population of around 245,000. Its capital and largest city is Sukhumi. The status of Abkhazia is a central issue of the Georgian–Abkhazian conflict and Georgia–Russia relations. The polity is recognised as a state by Russia, Venezuela, Nicaragua, Nauru, and Syria. While Georgia la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GoRail
GoRail is a rail freight operator in Estonia, and also offers related training services. Until commencing offering freight services in 2019 it was a passenger service operator, and until 2020 it operated the only direct international passenger rail services from Estonia (however it is possible to travel to Riga in Latvia by changing from Elron services to Valga onto Pasažieru vilciens services). History The company previously operated under the name EVR Ekspress as a division of the state railway, Eesti Raudtee. It was partially privatised on 1 April 1999, with a 51% majority share going to the Fraser Group and 49% retained by Eesti Raudtee. The company was renamed GoRail in 2006 when it was sold to the Go Group, which operates various other travel services in Estonia, including Tallinn's main Baltic Station. Tallinn - St Petersburg and Moscow rail services GoRail previously ran a number of variants of services from the Baltic station in Tallinn to St Petersburg an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operail
AS Operail (former name: AS EVR Cargo) is a railway logistics company located in Tallinn, Estonia. Its sole shareholder is the Government of Estonia. History The company was established as ''EVR Cargo'' in 2009; initially, it was structured as a subsidiary of Eesti Raudtee that was mainly focused upon freight transportation. During 2012, the company was legally separated from Eesti Raudtee, but remained under Estonian government ownership. In June 2018, the company was rebranded as ''Operail''; amongst other reasons, the name change was intended to reflect that the company is involved in other business sectors beyond that of freight transportation, such as rolling stock leasing, maintenance, and modernisation. In the same year, in collaboration with CZ Loko, Operail rebuilt a GE C30-7Ai locomotive into the first C30-M at its Tapa depot. While the original frames and bogies were retained, much of the superstructure was demolished and replaced; as such, a new centrally-positio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edelaraudtee
Edelaraudtee (''Southwestern railway'') is an Estonian railway operator founded in 1997. AS Edelaraudtee operates freight services on lines from Tallinn to Rapla, Pärnu & Viljandi owned by Edelaraudtee Infrastruktuuri AS. Until 2014, the company operated the domestic inter-city passenger routes currently operated by Elron. Before the transfer of the passenger traffic, the company employed around 500 staff and carried approximately 1.8 m passengers a year. Operations On 16 March 2012 Edelaraudtee launched a new information display solution based on GPS, that provided passengers via Internet and physical displays real-time information on the trains’ locations. The developed information project, whose part is that solution, had an objective to provide passengers necessary opportunities to acquire trip information. Edelaraudtee had plans to equip all serviced train stations and stops with QR codes to link passengers with relevant station’s or train stop’s information di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elron (rail Transit)
AS Eesti Liinirongid, operating as Elron, is a government-owned passenger train operator in Estonia. The company was founded as a subsidiary of Eesti Raudtee in 1998, and separated shortly thereafter. Prior to 2014, the company operated exclusively the electrified commuter rail system in Harjumaa, and was known until October 2013 as ''Elektriraudtee'', i.e. "the Electrical Railway". On 1 January 2014 Elron took over all domestic passenger train services in Estonia from Edelaraudtee. Network Inter-city rail Elron operates inter-city trains from Tallinn's Balti jaam on several lines: Tallinn– Tartu– Valga (connecting to Pasažieru vilciens trains to Riga), Tallinn–Tartu– Koidula, Tallinn–Narva, and Tallinn–Viljandi. Services on the Tallinn–Pärnu route ended in December 2018. The line required substantial upgrading and it was not felt worthwhile spending the money required for this around 8 years before Rail Baltica is due to provide much faster service to Pärn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
South Caucasus Railway
South Caucasus Railway ( hy, Հարավկովկասյան երկաթուղի, ՀԿԵ, russian: Южно-Кавказская железная дорога, ЮКЖД) is the sole railway company in Armenia, owned by Russian Railways, responsible for all inter-city, commuter, and freight rail transport in Armenia. The network consists of 780 kilometers (480 mi) of track with all lines in the Russian gauge. Main information On 13 February 2008, the Government of Armenia signed an agreement to transfer 100% of the state-owned Armenian Railways to Russian Railways. According to the agreement, the concession period is 30 years, with a possible extension for another 10 years by mutual agreement of the parties. In accordance with the terms of the tender, existing railway employees (4,300 people), except those of retirement age, were transferred to the staff of South Caucasus Railway on salary increases of up to 20%. Routes South Caucasus Railway currently operates the following se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Soviet Infrastructure In Central Asia
The legacy of the Soviet Union lives on in the infrastructure of Central Asia. As it crumbles, or gets patched up, much of what was built in Central Asia is the backbone of the existing infrastructure for transportation, goods delivery and energy distribution. Much of the industrial infrastructure underwent precipitous decline in the 1990s, after the fall of the Soviet Union, especially in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The roads, railroads and energy lines are thus oriented towards the Russian Federation and away from other regional neighbors, such as China, Afghanistan or Iran. Railroad Transportation The Central Asian railroad network was designed primarily with the needs of former Soviet Union planners in mind. The entire Soviet railways system was built with Moscow at its core. Consequently, Central Asian railroads are mainly oriented north-south and (now-existing) borders were disregarded in planning. As a result, virtually all freight cargo from Central Asia to Russia cross ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Railways (Soviet Union)
The Ministry of Railways (russian: Министерство путей сообщения (МПС) Российской империи/СССР/ РФ or Народный комиссариат путей сообщения (НКПС), more correctly translated as Ministry/People's Commisariat of Transportation) oversaw Soviet Railways, which operated the railways of the Soviet Union. It was divided into 32 agencies, which among them had millions of employees. The ministry was responsible for centralized departments (such as electrification), which applied to all subsidiaries. Before 1946 the ministry was known as the People's Commissariat for Railways, although the term "Ministry of Railways" had been used by the pre-Soviet ministry (founded in 1865). Commissars and Ministers The following persons headed the Commissariat/Ministry as commissars (narkoms), ministers, and deputy ministers during the Soviet era: ''Source'': * Ivan Kovalev (19.3.1946 - 5.6.1948) * Boris Beshchev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dissolution Of The Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Soviet Union (USSR) which resulted in the end of the country's and its federal government's existence as a sovereign state, thereby resulting in its constituent republics gaining full sovereignty on 26 December 1991. It brought an end to General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's (later also President) effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of fifteen top-level republics that served as homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics alre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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