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SEACOM (African Cable System)
SEACOM launched Africa’s first broadband submarine cable system along the continent’s Eastern and Southern coasts in 2009. SEACOM is privately owned and operated. Technology and cable structure Fibre-optic pairs are provided from Mtunzini to France to a point of presence (PoP) in Marseille, as well as from Tanzania to India into a PoP in Mumbai. SEACOM has also built an on-net European network, managed and operated by themselves, to deliver transport layer, internet protocol (IP), and multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) services from Africa to the following cities in Europe, and vice versa: * Amsterdam, Netherlands * Frankfurt, Germany * London, United Kingdom * Marseille, France * Slough, United Kingdom Through third-party networks in Europe, SEACOM also delivers these services to other locations in Europe not covered in the list of cities above. The SEACOM cable is deployed with a mixture of double armour cable, single armour cable, special protection cable (with a met ...
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Industrial Promotion Services
Industrial Promotion Services (IPS) is the industrial development arm of the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED). AKFED is a member of the Aga Khan Development Network. Location IPS is headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya, and has subsidiaries in Tanzania and Uganda. Development projects The development projects that IPS is involved in include: * An equity participation in the 74MW Kipevu II Power Plant in Kenya * An equity participation in the 288MW Azito Power Plant in Ivory Coast * An equity participation in the 250MW Bujagali Power Plant in Uganda. Other partners in this project include Sithe Global Power LLC, an American power development company. Sithe Global Power LLC, is owned by the Blackstone Group and Reservoir Capital Group. * Through its Special Purpose Vehicle subsidiary West Nile Rural Electrification Company, an equity participation in the 3.5MW Nyagak I Power Station in West Nile sub-region, in Northern Uganda. Ownership The shareholders in IPS are summa ...
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Dispersion-shifted Fiber
Dispersion-shifted fiber (DSF) is a type of optical fiber made to optimize both low dispersion and low attenuation. Dispersion Shifted Fiber is a type of single-mode optical fiber with a core-clad index profile tailored to shift the zero-dispersion wavelength from the natural 1300 nm in silica-glass fibers to the minimum-loss window at 1550 nm. The group velocity or ''intramodal'' dispersion which dominates in single-mode fibers includes both material and waveguide dispersion. Waveguide dispersion can be made more negative by changing the index profile and thus be used to offset the fixed material dispersion, shifting or flattening the overall intramodal dispersion. This is advantageous because it allows a communication system to possess both low dispersion and low attenuation. However, when used in wavelength division multiplexing systems, dispersion-shifted fibers can suffer from four-wave mixing which causes intermodulation of the independent signals. As a result, nonzero ...
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Aga Khan Fund For Economic Development
Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development SA is a Swiss for-profit entity and international development finance institution which invests in countries of East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. It is based in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded by Aga Khan IV and is part of the Aga Khan Development Network. History Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED) was founded in 1984 and is a part of Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN). It consists of more than 150 companies and is active in 15 countries which employs more than 30,000 people. The agency works to build infrastructures that support economic development. Its major investments include the Financial Services, Industrial Promotion Services (IPS) and Tourism Promotion Services (TPS). These initiatives span improvements in banking, electricity, agriculture, hotels, aviation, and communications linkages. AKFED provides a living for millions of people, in particular in the agribusiness sector. For Example, A ...
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Nedbank
Nedbank Group is a financial services group in South Africa offering wholesale and retail banking services as well as insurance, asset management, and wealth management. Nedbank Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Nedbank Group. Nedbank's primary market is South Africa. Nedbank also operates in six other countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC), through subsidiaries and banks in Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia and Zimbabwe, as well as offices in Angola and Kenya. Outside Africa, Nedbank have offices to provide international financial services for Africa-based clients in Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates. Nedbank is headquartered in Johannesburg. History The bank was founded in 1888 in Amsterdam as the ''Nederlandsche Bank en Credietvereeniging voor Zuid-Afrika'' ("Dutch Bank and Credit Union for South Africa"). In the same year, the bank opened an office in Church Street, Pretoria, South ...
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British Broadcasting Company
The British Broadcasting Company Ltd. (BBC) was a short-lived British commercial broadcasting company formed on 18 October 1922 by British and American electrical companies doing business in the United Kingdom. Licensed by the British General Post Office, their original office was located on the second floor of Magnet House, the GEC buildings in London and consisted of a room and a small antechamber. On 14 December 1922, John Reith was hired to become the Managing Director of the company at that address. The company later moved its offices to the premises of the Marconi Company. The BBC as a commercial broadcasting company did not sell air time but it did carry a number of sponsored programmes paid for by British newspapers. On 31 December 1926, the company was dissolved, and its assets were transferred to the non-commercial and crown-chartered British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Brief history Post Office stations In Britain prior to 1922, the General Post Office (GPO ...
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The Observer (Uganda)
''The Weekly Observer'' is a Ugandan weekly newspaper headquartered in Kamwookya, Kampala. It is one of the largest privately owned papers in the country co-founded by maverick journalist John Kevin Aliro and nine other directors In 2007, its reporter Richard M Kavuma won the CNN Multichoice African Journalist of the Year award. The newspaper was founded in 2004 and celebrated 10 years of existence in March 2014.Pius Muteekani KatunziUganda: The Observer, A Gamble That Has Paid Off'' AllAfrica.com'' 28 March 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2013. Tom kiss of jamila See also * List of newspapers in Uganda * Media in Uganda The mass media in Uganda includes print, television, radio and online sectors, and coverage is split between both state-run outlets and privately held outlets as well as English-language outlets and Luganda-language outlets. Print media in Uganda ... References External links * * ACME https://acme-ug.org/2018/07/04/i-gave-observer-what-i-could-now-its-t ...
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Dar Es Salaam
Dar es Salaam (; from ar, دَار السَّلَام, Dâr es-Selâm, lit=Abode of Peace) or commonly known as Dar, is the largest city and financial hub of Tanzania. It is also the capital of Dar es Salaam Region. With a population of over six million people, Dar is the largest city in East Africa and the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, seventh-largest in Africa. Located on the Swahili coast, Dar es Salaam is an important economic centre and is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. The town was founded by Majid bin Said of Zanzibar, Majid bin Said, the first Sultanate of Zanzibar, Sultan of Zanzibar, in 1865 or 1866. It was the main administrative and commercial center of German East Africa, Tanganyika (territory), Tanganyika, and Tanzania. The decision was made in 1974 to move the capital to Dodoma and was officially completed in 1996. Dar es Salaam is Tanzania's most prominent city for arts, fashion, media, film, television, and finance. It is the capital ...
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Mombasa
Mombasa ( ; ) is a coastal city in southeastern Kenya along the Indian Ocean. It was the first capital of the British East Africa, before Nairobi was elevated to capital city status. It now serves as the capital of Mombasa County. The town is known as "the white and blue city" in Kenya. It is the country's oldest (circa 900 AD) and second-largest List of cities in Kenya, cityThe World Factbook
. Cia.gov. Retrieved on 17 August 2013.
after the capital Nairobi, with a population of about 1,208,333 people according to the 2019 census. Its metropolitan region is the second-largest in the country, and has a population of 3,528,940 people. Mombasa's location on the Indian Ocean made it a historical trading centre, and it has been controlled by ma ...
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Cable Landing Point
A cable landing point is the location where a submarine or other underwater cable makes landfall. The term is most often used for the landfall points of submarine telecommunications cables and submarine power cables. The landing will either be direct (in the case of a point-to-point cable system) or via a branch from a main cable using a submarine branching unit. The branch can be several kilometres long. Selection criteria Cable landing points are usually carefully chosen to be in areas: # that have little marine traffic to minimise the risk of cables being damaged by ship anchors and trawler operations; # with gently sloping, sandy or silty sea-floors so that the cable can be buried to minimise the chance of damage; # without strong currents that would uncover buried cables and potentially move cables. Such locations are rare, and will usually be the shared landfall point for several cable systems. Associated facilities Frequently, there will be a nearby cable landing ...
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Amplifier
An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the magnitude of a signal (a time-varying voltage or current). It may increase the power significantly, or its main effect may be to boost the voltage or current (power, voltage or current amplifier). It is a two-port electronic circuit that uses electric power from a power supply to increase the amplitude of a signal applied to its input terminals, producing a greater amplitude signal at its output. The ratio of output to input voltage, current, or power is termed gain (voltage, current, or power gain). An amplifier, by definition has gain greater than unity (if the gain is less than unity, the device is an attenuator). An amplifier can either be a separate piece of equipment or an electrical circuit contained within another device. Amplification is fundamental to modern electronics, and amplifiers are widely used in almost all electronic equipment. Amplifiers can be categorize ...
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Erbium
Erbium is a chemical element with the symbol Er and atomic number 68. A silvery-white solid metal when artificially isolated, natural erbium is always found in chemical combination with other elements. It is a lanthanide, a rare-earth element The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or (in context) rare-earth oxides or sometimes the lanthanides (yttrium and scandium are usually included as rare earths), are a set of 17 nearly-indistinguishable lustrous silve ..., originally found in the gadolinite mine in Ytterby, Sweden, which is the source of the element's name. Erbium's principal uses involve its pink-colored Er3+ ions, which have optical fluorescent properties particularly useful in certain laser applications. Erbium-doped glasses or crystals can be used as optical amplification media, where Er3+ ions are optically pumped at around 980 or and then radiate light at in stimulated emission. This process results in an unusually mechanically simple la ...
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