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Runyon Classification
The Timpe and Runyon classification of nontuberculous mycobacteria based on the rate of growth, production of yellow pigment and whether this pigment was produced in the dark or only after exposure to light. It was introduced by Ernest Runyon in 1959. On these bases, the nontuberculous mycobacteria are divided into four groups: Slowly growing Mycobacteria The first three groups are classified as "Slowly growing Mycobacteria". Runyon I: Photochromogens Runyon I organisms (photochromogens) are slow growing, and produce a yellow-orange pigment when exposed to light. The group includes ''Mycobacterium kansasii'', ''Mycobacterium marinum'', ''Mycobacterium asiaticum'', and ''Mycobacterium simiae''. ''Mycobacterium szulgai'' is a photochromogen when grown at 24 degrees, and a scotochromogen at 37 degrees. In contrast, Runyon classifications III through IV are considered ''nonphotochromogens'', in that exposure to light does not make them produce pigment which they would not develo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacteria
''Mycobacterium'' is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis ('' M. tuberculosis'') and leprosy ('' M. leprae'') in humans. The Greek prefix ''myco-'' means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with Gram-positive and Gram-negative features, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types. Metabolism and Morphology Mycobacteria are aerobic with 0.2-0.6 µm wide and 1.0-10 µm long rod shapes. They are generally non-motile, except for the species ''Mycobacterium marinum'', which has been shown to be motile within macrophages. Mycobacteria possess capsules and most do not form endospores. ''M. marinum'' and perhaps ''M. bovis'' have been shown to sporulate; however, this has been contested by further research. The disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Avium
''Mycobacterium avium ''complex is a group of mycobacteria comprising ''Mycobacterium intracellulare'' and ''Mycobacterium avium'' that are commonly grouped because they infect humans together; this group, in turn, is part of the group of nontuberculous mycobacteria. These bacteria cause Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection, ''Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare'' infections or ''Mycobacterium avium'' complex infections in humans. These bacteria are common and are found in fresh and salt water, in household dust and in soil. MAC bacteria usually cause infection in those who are immunocompromised or those with severe lung disease. Description In the Runyon classification, both bacteria are nonchromogens. They can be differentiated from ''M. tuberculosis'' and each other by commercially available DNA probes. They are characterized as Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast, short to long rods. Colony characteristics * Usually, colonies are smooth, rarely rough, and not pigme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Chelonae
''Mycobacteroides chelonae'' (formerly ''Mycobacterium chelonae'') is a species of bacteria from the phylum Actinomycetota belonging to the genus '' Mycobacteroides''. ''Mycobacteroides chelonae'' is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that is found all throughout the environment, including sewage and tap water. It can occasionally cause opportunistic infections of humans. It is grouped in Runyon group IV. The complete genome sequence of the ''M. chelonae'' CCUG 47445 type strain was deposited and published in DNA Data Bank of Japan, European Nucleotide Archive, and GenBank The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations. It is produced and maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI; a part ... in 2016 under the accession numbeCP007220 Epidemiology On average, two cases of nonpulmonary ''M. chelonae'' infection are reported in South Australia each year. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Abscessus
''Mycobacteroides abscessus'' (formerly ''Mycobacterium abscessus'') is a species of rapidly growing, multidrug-resistant, nontuberculous mycobacteria that is a common soil and water contaminant. Although ''M. abscessus'' most commonly causes chronic lung infection and skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), it can also cause infection in almost all human organs, mostly in patients with suppressed immune systems. Amongst NTM species responsible for disease, infection caused by ''M. abscessus'' complex are more difficult to treat due to antimicrobial drug resistance. Description ''Mycobacteroides abscessus'' cells are Gram-positive, nonmotile, acid-fast rods about 1.0–2.5 µm long by 0.5 µm wide. They may form colonies on Löwenstein–Jensen medium that appear smooth or rough, white or greyish, and nonphotochromogenic. Etymology ''Abscessus'' is named for abscesses. It is a Latin word derived from ("away") + ("to go") because it was the ancient medical notio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Peregrinum
Mycobacterium peregrinum is a species of ''Mycobacterium''. References External links Type strain of ''Mycobacterium peregrinum'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Nontuberculous mycobacteria, peregrinum {{Mycobacterium-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Fortuitum
''Mycobacterium fortuitum'' is a nontuberculous species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus ''Mycobacterium''. Background ''Mycobacterium fortuitum'' is a fast-growing species that can cause infections. The term "fast growing" is a reference to a growth rate of 3 or 4 days, when compared to other Mycobacteria that may take weeks to grow out on laboratory media. Pulmonary infections of ''M. fortuitum'' are uncommon, but ''Mycobacterium fortuitum'' can cause local skin disease, osteomyelitis (inflammation of the bone), joint infections and infections of the eye after trauma. ''Mycobacterium fortuitum'' has a worldwide distribution and can be found in natural and processed water, sewage, and dirt. Bacteria classified as Mycobacteria, include the causative agents for tuberculosis and leprosy. Mycobacteria are sometimes referred to as “acid-fast bacteria,” ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Ulcerans
''Mycobacterium ulcerans'' is a species of bacteria found in various aquatic environments. The bacteria can infect humans and some other animals, causing persistent open wounds called Buruli ulcer. ''M. ulcerans'' is closely related to ''Mycobacterium marinum'', from which it evolved around one million years ago, and more distantly to the mycobacteria which cause tuberculosis and leprosy. Description ''M. ulcerans'' are rod-shaped bacteria. They appear purple ("Gram positive") under Gram stain and bright red ("acid fast") under Ziehl–Neelsen stain. On laboratory media, ''M. ulcerans'' grow slowly, forming small transparent colonies after four weeks. As colonies age, they develop irregular outlines and a rough, yellow surface. Taxonomy and evolution ''M. ulcerans'' is a species of mycobacteria within the phylum Actinomycetota. Within the genus ''Mycobacterium'', ''M. ulcerans'' is classified as both a "non-tuberculous mycobacterium" and a "slow-growing mycobacterium". ''M. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (M. tb) is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis. First discovered in 1882 by Robert Koch, ''M. tuberculosis'' has an unusual, waxy coating on its cell surface primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid. This coating makes the cells impervious to Gram staining, and as a result, ''M. tuberculosis'' can appear weakly Gram-positive. Acid-fastness, Acid-fast stains such as Ziehl–Neelsen stain, Ziehl–Neelsen, or Fluorescence, fluorescent stains such as Auramine O, auramine are used instead to identify ''M. tuberculosis'' with a microscope. The physiology of ''M. tuberculosis'' is highly aerobic organism, aerobic and requires high levels of oxygen. Primarily a pathogen of the mammalian respiratory system, it infects the lungs. The most frequently used diagnostic methods for tuberculosis are the Mantoux test, tuberculin skin test, Acid-Fast Stain, acid-fast stain, Microbiological cultu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Intracellulare
''Mycobacterium'' is a genus of over 190 species in the phylum Actinomycetota, assigned its own family, Mycobacteriaceae. This genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis ('' M. tuberculosis'') and leprosy ('' M. leprae'') in humans. The Greek prefix ''myco-'' means 'fungus', alluding to this genus' mold-like colony surfaces. Since this genus has cell walls with Gram-positive and Gram-negative features, acid-fast staining is used to emphasize their resistance to acids, compared to other cell types. Metabolism and Morphology Mycobacteria are aerobic with 0.2-0.6 µm wide and 1.0-10 µm long rod shapes. They are generally non-motile, except for the species ''Mycobacterium marinum'', which has been shown to be motile within macrophages. Mycobacteria possess capsules and most do not form endospores. ''M. marinum'' and perhaps ''M. bovis'' have been shown to sporulate; however, this has been contested by further research. The disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Scrofulaceum
''Mycobacterium scrofulaceum'' is a species of ''Mycobacterium''. It is the most common cause of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis in children. It is sometimes included in the "MAIS group" with ''Mycobacterium avium'' and ''Mycobacterium intracellulare''. Treatment Due to the rarity of infection, no prospective studies have been undertaken and therefore treatment choices remain somewhat controversial. For childhood infection, surgery is the recommended treatment, in which the lesion is excised without chemotherapy. The success rate for this treatment is 95%. Drugs which are used in treatment of ''Mycobacterium scrofulaceum'' include isoniazid, rifampin and streptomycin Streptomycin is an antibiotic medication used to treat a number of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, ''Mycobacterium avium'' complex, endocarditis, brucellosis, ''Burkholderia'' infection, plague, tularemia, and rat bite fever. Fo .... References External linksType strain of ''Mycobacteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as environmental mycobacteria, atypical mycobacteria and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT), are mycobacteria which do not cause tuberculosis or leprosy (also known as Hansen's disease). NTM do cause pulmonary diseases that resemble tuberculosis. Mycobacteriosis is any of these illnesses, usually meant to exclude tuberculosis. They occur in many animals, including humans and are commonly found in soil and water. Introduction Mycobacteria are a family of small, rod-shaped bacilli that can be classified into three main groups for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment: * ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' complex, which can cause tuberculosis: '' M. tuberculosis'', '' M. bovis'', '' M. africanum'', '' M. microti'' and '' M. canetti'' * '' M. leprae'' and '' M. lepromatosis'', which cause Hansen's disease, also called leprosy * Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are all the other mycobacteria that can cause pulmonary disease resemblin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mycobacterium Gordonae
''Mycobacterium gordonae'' is a species of ''Mycobacterium'' named for Ruth E. Gordon. It is a species of the phylum Actinomycetota (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus ''Mycobacterium''. Description Gram-positive, nonmotile and moderate to long acid-fast rods. *Commonly found in tap water and soil. Casual resident in human sputum and gastric lavage specimens. Colony characteristics *Smooth, with yellow or orange scotochromogenic colonies. Even though they are scotochromogenic pigment is intensified by growing in continuous light. Physiology *Growth on Löwenstein-Jensen medium and Middlebrook 7H10 agar within 7 or more days at 37 °C (optimal 25 °C). *Does not grow in the presence of ethambutol (1 mg/L), isoniazid (10 mg/L) and sodium chloride (5%). *Some strains can grow using carbon monoxide as a carbon and energy source. Differential characteristics *A c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
