|
Ruahine (New Zealand Electorate)
Ruahine is a former New Zealand parliamentary New Zealand electorates, electorate, from 1972 to 1978. Population centres Since the , the number of electorates in the South Island was fixed at 25, with continued faster population growth in the North Island leading to an increase in the number of general electorates. There were 84 electorates for the 1969 election, and the 1972 electoral redistribution saw three additional general seats created for the North Island, bringing the total number of electorates to 87. Together with increased urbanisation in Christchurch and Nelson, New Zealand, Nelson, the changes proved very disruptive to existing electorates. In the South Island, three electorates were abolished, and three electorates were newly created. In the North Island, five electorates were abolished, two electorates were recreated, and six electorates were newly created (including Ruahine). The Ruahine electorate was located north-east of Palmerston North and followed the Ruah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand Electorates
An electorate or electoral district ( mi, rohe pōti) is a geographical constituency used for electing a member () to the New Zealand Parliament. The size of electorates is determined such that all electorates have approximately the same population. Before 1996, all MPs were directly chosen for office by the voters of an electorate. In New Zealand's electoral system, 72 of the usually 120 seats in Parliament are filled by electorate members, with the remainder being filled from party lists in order to achieve proportional representation among parties. The 72 electorates are made up from 65 general and seven Māori electorates. The number of electorates increases periodically in line with national population growth; the number was increased from 71 to 72 starting at the 2020 general election. Terminology The Electoral Act 1993 refers to electorates as "electoral districts". Electorates are informally referred to as "seats", but technically the term ''seat'' refers to an elect ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 New Zealand General Election
The 1978 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to elect the 39th New Zealand Parliament. It saw the governing National Party, led by Robert Muldoon, retain office, but the opposition Labour Party won the largest share of the vote. Reorganisation of the enrolment system caused major problems with the electoral rolls, which left a legacy of unreliable information about voting levels in this election. Background The National Party had won a resounding victory in the 1975 elections, taking fifty-five of the eighty-seven seats and ousting the Labour Party from government. Labour had been led by Bill Rowling, who had assumed the post of Prime Minister on the death in office of the popular Norman Kirk. Labour won the remaining thirty-two seats in that election, with no other parties gaining entry to Parliament. Labour's Rowling had been criticised by many for inadequately countering Muldoon's confrontational style, and was widely perceived as "weak". Following Labour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Politics Of The Hawke's Bay Region
Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science. It may be used positively in the context of a "political solution" which is compromising and nonviolent, or descriptively as "the art or science of government", but also often carries a negative connotation.. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or limitedly, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it. A variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external force, including w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Electorates Of New Zealand
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberal Reform Party (New Zealand)
The Liberal Reform Party was a rural based political party in New Zealand. It was the successor to the Country Party that contested the . History The party was launched as a revival of the decades earlier Country Party by the New Zealand Free Enterprise Movement in 1968 feeling that voters needed a genuine free enterprise choice in elections as, in their view, New Zealand was caught between monopoly business interests and overly empowered trade unions. The Liberal Reform Party main goals were individual freedom, self reliance and maximised free enterprise. In addition it had other policy platforms it campaigned on: #To create a written constitution #Reducing government spending to control inflation #To hold a referendum on the issue of compulsory unionism #Establishing a petition system to allow electors to challenge legislation between elections #The abolition of payroll tax, death duties and gift duties #Inscentivising students to attend technical institutes rather than univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1972 New Zealand General Election
The 1972 New Zealand general election was held on 25 November to elect MPs to the 37th session of the New Zealand Parliament. The Labour Party, led by Norman Kirk, defeated the governing National Party. Background The National Party had been in office since the 1960 election, when it had defeated the ruling Labour Party, led by Walter Nash. The Second Labour Government was the shortest-lasting of all New Zealand governments to that day; in contrast, the Second National Government, led for the majority of its tenure by Keith Holyoake, would be re-elected three times. National's policies were focused around stability and a "steady as she goes" approach, but Holyoake's Government was increasingly perceived as tired and worn-out. In February 1972, Holyoake stood aside and was replaced by his deputy, Jack Marshall, who took steps to reinvigorate the party. Meanwhile, Norman Kirk had been at the helm of Labour since 1965. In this time, he had been modernising and updating the La ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Les Hunter (politician)
Leslie William Hunter (2 December 1927 – 30 April 2012) was a New Zealand politician for the Social Credit Political League. Early life Hunter was born in Foxton in 1927. At the age of four his family moved to Palmerston North where he attended primary and secondary school. He then proceeded to work as a poultry farmer. Political career Hunter was the Social Credit's deputy leader in the 1970s under Bruce Beetham, also serving as the party's parliamentary research officer. Hunter stood as the Social Credit candidate in four elections. He ran for election in 1969 in Palmerston North, for Ruahine in 1972 and 1975, and in Bay of Islands in 1984. From 1972 Hunter was also Social Credit's finance spokesman. Later life and death In the 1980s Hunter and his wife Pat moved to Kaikohe where they owned and ran a book and stationery shop. They retired to Papamoa in 2001, and Hunter died at his home there on 30 April 2012. His ashes were buried at Pyes Pa Pyes Pa is a suburb of Tau ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1975 New Zealand General Election
The 1975 New Zealand general election was held on 29 November to elect MPs to the 38th session of the New Zealand Parliament. It was the first general election in New Zealand where 18- to 20-year-olds and all permanent residents of New Zealand were eligible to vote, although only citizens were able to be elected. The National Party, led by Rob Muldoon, won 55 of the 87 seats over the Labour Party, led by Bill Rowling. The election saw the defeat of the Third Labour Government after only three years in office and the formation of the Third National Government. Background The incumbent Labour Party, following the sudden death of Labour leader Norman Kirk, was led by Bill Rowling, a leader who was characterised as being weak and ineffectual by some political commentators. Labour's central campaign was the so-called " Citizens for Rowling" petition which attacked National leader Robert Muldoon's forthright leadership style. This campaign was largely seen as having backfired ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Credit Party (New Zealand)
The New Zealand Social Credit Party (sometimes called "Socred") is a political party which served as the country's third party from the 1950s through into the 1980s. The party held a number of seats in the New Zealand House of Representatives, although never more than two at a time. It renamed itself the New Zealand Democratic Party from 1985 to 2018, and was for a time part of the Alliance from 1991 to 2002. It returned to the Social Credit name in 2018. The party is based on the ideas of social credit, an economic theory established by Major C. H. Douglas. Social Credit movements also existed in Australia (''see:'' Douglas Credit Party & Australian League of Rights), Canada (''see:'' Social Credit Party of Canada), and the United Kingdom (''see:'' UK Social Credit Party) although the relationship between those movements and the New Zealand movement was not always amicable. History The Social Credit Association The Social Credit Political League was formed in 1953 out of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roy Jack
Sir Roy Emile Jack (12 January 1914 – 24 December 1977) was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He was a cabinet minister and Speaker of the House of Representatives. Biography Early life and career Jack was born in New Plymouth in 1914. He was educated at Wanganui Collegiate School and graduated from the Victoria University with an LLB. Jack was a Judge's Associate from 1935-1938, before enlisting with the Royal New Zealand Air Force during World War Two. He was first elected onto Wanganui City Council in 1946 and was deputy mayor in the following year. He served on the city council until 1955. Member of Parliament He represented the electorate of Patea from to 1963, then from to 1972, then Rangitikei from to 1977 when he died. The electorate became because of post-census boundary changes before the , and though a sitting MP he was challenged by Ruth Richardson (who he had advised about a career in politics). George Chapman who chaired ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1978 Rangitikei By-election
The Rangitikei by-election of 1978 was a by-election in the New Zealand electorate of Rangitikei, a predominantly rural district in the middle of New Zealand's North Island. The by-election occurred on 18 February 1978, and was precipitated by the death of sitting National Party member of parliament (and Speaker of the House) Sir Roy Jack in December 1977. Background The by-election was contested by all major parties. It was won by Bruce Beetham, the Social Credit Party candidate, with a majority of 1,335. He became the second Social Credit Party MP in New Zealand's history. This upset was extremely rare in the post-war political climate of New Zealand, especially in a rural electorate that traditionally voted National (although such voting is more likely in a by-election). The National Party candidate Jim Bull came second, the Labour Party candidate (and rugby coach) JJ Stewart came third and the Values Party candidate Denis Hocking came fourth. JJ Stewart was a former te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bruce Beetham
Bruce Craig Beetham (16 February 1936 – 3 May 1997) was an academic and politician from New Zealand, whose career spanned the 1970s and early 1980s. A lecturer at Hamilton's University of Waikato and at the Hamilton Teachers' Training College, he was elected leader of the Social Credit Political League (which he had joined in 1969) in 1972, at a time when the party was in disarray and many were questioning its chances of survival. A brilliant organiser and an electrifying speaker, Beetham succeeded in rebuilding the party, and by the late 1970s it was challenging the stranglehold on the two-party system of the long-dominant National and Labour parties. Biography Early life and career Born in New Plymouth on 16 February 1936, he was the son of Stanley Develle Beetham (a carpenter) and his wife Frances Agnes Amy Watts. Beetham attended New Plymouth Boys' High School from 1951 to 1955. He then went on to the Auckland Secondary Teachers College where he eventually acquired a B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Historical Electorates Of New Zealand")
