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René Grousset
Biography Grousset was born in Aubais, Gard in 1885. Having graduated from the University of Montpellier with a degree in history, he began his distinguished career soon afterward. He served in the French army during World War I. In 1925, Grousset was appointed adjunct conservator of the Musée Guimet in Paris and secretary of the ''Journal asiatique''. By 1930 he had published five major works on Asiatic and Oriental civilizations. In 1933 he was appointed director of the Cernuschi Museum in Paris and curator of its Asiatic art collections. He wrote a major work on the Chinese Buddhist medieval pilgrim Xuanzang, particularly emphasising the importance of his visit to the northern Indian Buddhist university of Nalanda. Before the outbreak of World War II, Grousset had published his two most important works, ''Histoire des Croisades ''(1934-1936) and '' L'Empire des Steppes'' (1939). Dismissed from his museum posts by the Vichy government, he continued his research private ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aubais
Aubais () is a commune in the Gard department in southern France. The little town is in an about 20 km distance from Nîmes and Aigues-Mortes. The recreation area of La Grande-Motte is reachable also in a distance of about 20 km. History Long before the Roman occupation, there are remnants of homes on the site Aubais, but virtually nothing, then, to approach the Middle Ages. The first time the specific word Albaisa (Alba, inspired by the white cliff on which the village is situated) is raised in 1096, marking the real beginning of the village's identity. It coincides with the construction of a watchtower followed some hundred years later by a castle and the erection of some houses at the site of the current ''Place des Halles''. In the 14th century Aubais had two high feudalsquare towers, the forerunner of the north wing of the present castle, around them were grouped a few houses. At the same time the Mill ''Quarry'' was built up on the banks of river Vidourle - tod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nalanda
Nalanda (, ) was a renowned ''mahavihara'' (Buddhist monastic university) in ancient Magadha (modern-day Bihar), India.Nalanda University Government of India Considered by historians to be the world's first residential university and among the greatest centers of learning in the ancient world, it was located near the city of Rajagriha (now ) and about southeast of Pataliputra (now ). Operating from 427 until 1197 CE, Nalanda played a vital role in promoting the patronage of arts and academics during the 5th and 6th century CE, a period that has since been described as the " |
Encyclopædia Universalis
The ''Encyclopædia Universalis'' is a French-language general encyclopedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., a privately held company. The articles of the ''Encyclopædia Universalis'' are aimed at educated adult readers, and written by a staff of full-time editors and expert contributors. History The Encyclopædia Universalis was originally published by the publishing company Encyclopædia Universalis SA. This company was created in 1966 by a specialist in publishing and selling books and collections by mail order, the French Book Club (CFL), owned by the Aubry family, as well as Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. (publisher of the Encyclopædia Britannica), the most famous English-language encyclopedia, owned at the time by the Foundation of the University of Chicago. This joint ventureà 50/50 was intended to combine the skills of the two shareholders in each of the two forms of distribution then essential for encyclopedias: mail order on the one hand and door-to- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pierre Aubé
Pierre Aubé (born 23 February 1944, Normandy) is a French Middle Ages, medieval specialist and the author of a number of books. He was a professor at Rouen. He was married to organist and composer Odile Pierre. Works *1981: ''Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, Baudouin IV de Jérusalem. Le roi lépreux''. *1983: ''Les Empires Normans, normands d’Orient, XIe-XIIIe siècles''. *1985: ''Godefroy de Bouillon'', Fayard. *1988: ''Thomas Becket'', Fayard. *1999: ''Jerusalem, Jérusalem 1099'', Actes Sud. *2001: ''Roger II of Sicily, Roger II de Sicile. Un Normand en Méditerranée'', Payot. *2001: ''Éloge du Domestic sheep, mouton'', Actes Sud. *2003: ''Saint Bernard de Clairvaux'', Fayard. *2007: ''Un Crusades, croisé contre Saladin. Raynald of Châtillon, Renaud de Châtillon'', Fayard. In collaboration : *1996: ''Atlas de l’History of France, histoire de France'', sous la direction de René Rémond, Perrin. *2000: ''Jérusalem. Le sacré et le politique'', sous la direction d’Elias Sa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Eberhard Mayer
Hans Eberhard Mayer (born 2 February 1932 in Nuremberg) is a German medieval historian, specializing in the Crusades. Career Hans Eberhard Mayer is an international expert on the history of the Crusades. He is currently the Professor of Medieval and Modern History at the University of Kiel. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1978. He was honored in the work ''Montjoie: studies in Crusade history in honour of Hans Eberhard Mayer'' (1997). He was a member of the Monumenta Germaniae Historica between 1956 and 1967. He was a visiting fellow at the German Historical Institute in Rome in 1961. He was a visiting fellow in 1965 and visiting scholar in 1970 to Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C., lecturer at the University of Innsbruck between 1964 and 1967, visiting professor at Yale University in 1971, and member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, between 1972 and 1973. Works The works of Mayer include the following. *''Bibliographie zur Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christopher Tyerman
Christopher Tyerman (born 22 May 1953) is an academic historian focusing on the Crusades. In 2015, he was appointed Professor of History of the Crusades at the University of Oxford. Life and career He graduated from New College, Oxford, with a first-class Bachelor of Arts degree in 1974; he lectured at the University of York between 1976 and 1977, before returning to Oxford as a research fellow at Queen's College (1977–82); in 1981, he completed his doctor of philosophy degree and won the Royal Historical Society's Alexander Prize Medal. He also took up another research fellowship at Exeter College which lasted from 1982 to 1987. All the while, he had been a medieval history lecturer at Hertford College, Oxford, since 1979 and in 2006 was elected one of its fellows."Professor Christopher Tyerman" [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Near East
The ''Near East''; he, המזרח הקרוב; arc, ܕܢܚܐ ܩܪܒ; fa, خاور نزدیک, Xāvar-e nazdik; tr, Yakın Doğu is a geographical term which roughly encompasses a transcontinental region in Western Asia, that was once the historical Fertile Crescent, and later the Levant region. It also comprises Turkey (both Anatolia and East Thrace) and Egypt (mostly located in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula being in Asia). Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles, the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire. According to the National Geographic Society, the terms ''Near East'' and ''Middle East'' denote the same territories and are "generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey". In 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asia Minor
Anatolia, tr, Anadolu Yarımadası), and the Anatolian plateau, also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula in Western Asia and the westernmost protrusion of the Asian continent. It constitutes the major part of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Turkish Straits to the northwest, the Black Sea to the north, the Armenian Highlands to the east, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the Balkan peninsula of Southeast Europe. The eastern border of Anatolia has been held to be a line between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Black Sea, bounded by the Armenian Highlands to the east and Mesopotamia to the southeast. By this definition Anatolia comprises approximately the western two-thirds of the Asian part of Turkey. Today, Anatolia is sometimes considered to be synonymous with Asia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of Mongolic peoples. The Oirats in Western Mongolia as well as the Buryats and Kalmyks of Russia are classified either as distinct ethno-linguistic groups or subgroups of Mongols. The Mongols are bound together by a common heritage and ethnic identity. Their indigenous dialects are collectively known as the Mongolian language. The ancestors of the modern-day Mongols are referred to as Proto-Mongols. Definition Broadly defined, the term includes the Mongols proper (also known as the Khalkha Mongols), Buryats, Oirats, the Kalmyk people and the Southern Mongols. The latter comprises the Abaga Mongols, Abaganar, Aohans, Baarins, Chahars, Eastern Dorbets, Gorlos Mongols, Jalaids, Jaruud, Kharchins, Khishig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and borders fourteen countries by land, the most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the most populous city and financial center is Shanghai. Modern Chinese trace their origins to a cradle of civilization in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain. The semi-legendary Xia dynasty in the 21st century BCE and the well-attested Shang and Zhou dynasties developed a bureaucratic political system to serve hereditary monarchies, or dyna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
