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Refia Sultan (daughter Of Abdulmejid I)
Refia Sultan ( ota, رفعیه سلطان; "''exaltated''"; 7 February 1842 – 4 January 1880) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Abdulmejid I and his consort Gülcemal Kadın. She was full sister of Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire. Early life Refia Sultan was born on 7 February 1842 in the Beşiktaş Palace. Her father was Sultan Abdulmejid I, and her mother was Gülcemal Kadın. She had an elder sister Fatma Sultan, one year elder then her, a twin sister Hatice Sultan, died as newborn, and a younger brother Mehmed V, two years younger than her. Upon the death of her mother in 1851, she and her siblings were adopted by Abdulmejid's first consort, Servetseza Kadın. Abdülmecid wanted all his sons and daughters to have a high-level and as complete as possible education, which included both traditional subjects, including Koranic studies, and Western ones. Refia's education began in 1847. She attended the lessons with her brother Şehzade Mehmed Reşad, her half ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ("the Great City"), Πόλις ("the City"), Kostantiniyye or Konstantinopolis ( Turkish) , image = Byzantine Constantinople-en.png , alt = , caption = Map of Constantinople in the Byzantine period, corresponding to the modern-day Fatih district of Istanbul , map_type = Istanbul#Turkey Marmara#Turkey , map_alt = A map of Byzantine Istanbul. , map_size = 275 , map_caption = Constantinople was founded on the former site of the Greek colony of Byzantion, which today is known as Istanbul in Turkey. , coordinates = , location = Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey , region = Marmara Region , type = Imperial city , part_of = , length = , width ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanzimat
The Tanzimat (; ota, تنظيمات, translit=Tanzimāt, lit=Reorganization, ''see'' nizām) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. The Tanzimat era began with the purpose, not of radical transformation, but of modernization, desiring to consolidate the social and political foundations of the Ottoman Empire. It was characterised by various attempts to modernise the Ottoman Empire and to secure its territorial integrity against internal nationalist movements and external aggressive powers. The reforms encouraged Ottomanism among the diverse ethnic groups of the Empire and attempted to stem the tide of the rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire. Historian Hans-Lukas Kieser has argued that the reforms led to "the rhetorical promotion of equality of non-Muslims with Muslims on paper vs. the primacy of Muslims in practice"; other historians have argued that the ability ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmud II
Mahmud II ( ota, محمود ثانى, Maḥmûd-u s̠ânî, tr, II. Mahmud; 20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. His reign is recognized for the extensive administrative, military, and fiscal reforms he instituted, which culminated in the Decree of Tanzimat ("reorganization") that was carried out by his sons Abdulmejid I and Abdülaziz. Often described as "Peter the Great of Turkey", Mahmud's reforms included the 1826 abolition of the conservative Janissary corps, which removed a major obstacle to his and his successors' reforms in the Empire. The reforms he instituted were characterized by political and social changes, which would eventually lead to the birth of the modern Turkish Republic. Notwithstanding his domestic reforms, Mahmud's reign was also marked by nationalist uprisings in Ottoman-ruled Serbia and Greece, leading to a loss of territory for the Empire following the emergence of an independ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ottoman Princesses
''Sultan'' (Ottoman Turkish:سلطان) and ''Hatun'' ( Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠲᠤᠨ хатан; Old Turkic: 𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: ''katun''; Ottoman Turkish: خاتون, romanized: ''hatun'' or قادین romanized: ''kadın''; Persian: خاتون ''khātūn''; Chinese: 可敦; Hindi: ख़ातून ''khātūn'') are the two female titles that were used for Ottoman princesses, daughters of Ottoman sultans. Title and treatment For the daughters of a sovereign Sultan or a daughter of a son of a sultan the titles that were used are: * Lady ('' hatun'', خاتون). Used before 16th century and also used for sultan's mothers and consorts. ** Format style: "(given name) '' Hatun''", i.e. Lady (given name) * Sultana (''sultan'', سلطان). Used after 16th century. Formal title: ** Short: "(given name) Sultana", i.e. Sultana (given name), with the style of ''sultanım'' (my sultan(a)) or ''efendim'' (my mistress). ** Full: ''Devletlû İsmetlu'' (given name) ''Sultân Aliyyet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Charity (Ottoman Empire)
The Order of Charity ( ota, نشانِ شفقت), sometimes referred to as the Order of the Chefakat, was an order of the Ottoman Empire founded in 1878 by Sultan Abdul Hamid II. It was bestowed on selected women for distinguished humanitarian or charitable works, or as a token of the Sultan's esteem. Recipients included non-Ottoman citizens, including the English painter Margaret Murray Cookesley for her portrait of the Sultan's son, Hariot Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood (1883), wife of the Earl of Dufferin who was British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and to American social reformer Ellen Martin Henrotin (1893). The badge consists of a five pointed star in gold and crimson enamel, with a central gold medallion bearing the Sultan's cypher, surrounded by a green enamelled band with the words "Humanity, Assistance, Patriotism" in Turkish. The star rests upon a circular wreath enamelled green with crimson berries, the whole mounted on another star with radiant points. The decor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Highness
His/Her Imperial Highness (abbreviation HIH) is a style used by members of an imperial family to denote ''imperial'' – as opposed to ''royal'' – status to show that the holder in question is descended from an emperor rather than a king (compare His/Her Royal Highness). The first dynasty to use the style in Europe on the generic basis were the Romanovs in the eighteenth century; the archdukes and archduchess of the House of Habsburg were only styled as Royal Highness given the officially elective nature of the Holy Roman Empire. With the establishment of the Austrian Empire in 1804, the style of members of its imperial family changed to ''Imperial Highness''. Following the Austro-Hungarian compromise with its creation of two intertwined but distinct states, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary, the style was changed to ''Imperial and Royal Highness'' to reflect the double role; however, the colloquialism of omitting "and Royal" was acceptable even for the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coat Of Arms Of The Ottoman Empire (1882–1922)
Every sultan of the Ottoman Empire had his own monogram, called the ''tughra'', which served as a royal symbol. A coat of arms in the European heraldic sense was created in the late 19th century. Hampton Court requested from the Ottoman Empire a coat of arms to be included in their collection. As the coat of arms had not been previously used in the Ottoman Empire, it was designed following this request, and the final design was adopted by Sultan Abdul Hamid II on 17 April 1882. Design The emblem features an ornate cartouche ensigned by a tughra. The cartouche is surrounded by various elements of the state, including two flags: the red star and crescent flag of the Anatolian and Asian eyalets,Sosyal Medyada Ş ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ovarian Cyst
An ovarian cyst is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary. Often they cause no symptoms. Occasionally they may produce bloating, lower abdominal pain, or lower back pain. The majority of cysts are harmless. If the cyst either breaks open or causes twisting of the ovary, it may cause severe pain. This may result in vomiting or feeling faint, and even cause head aches. Most ovarian cysts are related to ovulation, being either follicular cysts or corpus luteum cysts. Other types include cysts due to endometriosis, dermoid cysts, and cystadenomas. Many small cysts occur in both ovaries in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Pelvic inflammatory disease may also result in cysts. Rarely, cysts may be a form of ovarian cancer. Diagnosis is undertaken by pelvic examination with an ultrasound or other testing used to gather further details. Often, cysts are simply observed over time. If they cause pain, medications such as paracetamol (acetaminophen) or ibuprofen may be used. Hormon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russo-Turkish War (1877-78)
The Russo-Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of twelve wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries. It was one of the longest series of military conflicts in European history. Except for the war of 1710–11 and the Crimean War, which is often treated as a separate event, the conflicts ended disastrously for the Ottoman Empire; conversely, they showcased the ascendancy of Russia as a European power after the modernization efforts of Peter the Great in the early 18th century. History Conflict begins (1568–1739) Before Peter the Great The first Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570) occurred after the conquest of Kazan and Astrakhan by the Russian tsar Ivan the Terrible. The Ottoman sultan Selim II tried to squeeze the Russians out of the lower Volga by sending a military expedition to Astrakhan in 1569. The Turkish expedition ended in disaster for the Ottoman army, which could not take Astrakhan and alm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eid-al-Adha
Eid al-Adha () is the second and the larger of the two main holidays celebrated in Islam (the other being Eid al-Fitr). It honours the willingness of Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son Ismail (Ishmael) as an act of obedience to Allah's command. Before Ibrahim could sacrifice his son, however, Allah provided him with a lamb which he was supposed to kill in his son's place because of his willingness to sacrifice his own son in the name of God. In commemoration of this intervention, animals are ritually sacrificed. Part of their meat is consumed by the family which offers the animal, while the rest of the meat is distributed to the poor and the needy. Sweets and gifts are given, and extended family members are typically visited and welcomed. The day is also sometimes called the Greater Eid. In the Islamic lunar calendar, ''Eid al-Adha'' falls on the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah and lasts for four days. In the international (Gregorian) calendar, the dates vary from year to year, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Behice Sultan
Behice Sultan ( ota, بهيجه سلطان; "''Happy''"; 6 August 1848 – 30 November 1876) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Abdulmejid I and Nesrin Hanım. She was the half-sister of Sultans Murad V, Abdul Hamid II, Mehmed V, and Mehmed VI. Early life Behice Sultan was born on 6 August 1848 in the Çırağan Palace. Her father was Sultan Abdulmejid I, and her mother was Nesrin Hanım. She was the second child of her mother. She had three brothers, Şehzade Mehmed Ziyaeddin, two years elder then her, and two twin brothers Şehzade Mehmed Nizameddin and Şehzade Mehmed Bahaeddin, two years younger than her. After her mother's death in 1853, when Behice was five, she was adopted by one other Abdülmejid's consort, Şayan Kadın, who no had child for her own. In 1860, at twelve, she lost her adoptive mother too. Marriage Engagement Behice contracted tuberculosis as a child and lived all her life in isolation and supervised by foreign doctors. Her family, in particul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Meyliservet Kadın
Meyliservet Kadın ( ota, میل ثروت قادین; "''worth of beauty''"; 21 October 1859 – 9 December 1891) was the fourth consort of Sultan Murad V of the Ottoman Empire. Early life Of Circassian origin, Meyliservet was born on 21 October 1859 in the Caucasus. She had an elder sister, who was the wife of the ambassador to Rome. Her sister took her with her to Italy, and provided her with an excellent education. She learned several languages. After remaining in Italy for more than eight years, the two sisters returned to Istanbul where they lived a lonely life. Meyliservet's elder sister knew Murad V's half-sister Refia Sultan, so she visited her from time to time; in one of her visits she told her just how miserable she was to be living separate from her husband, so Refia Sultan asked her uncle, Sultan Abdülaziz, to recall the ambassador and give him a post in Istanbul, which is exactly what happened. The two sisters went to Refia Sultan to thank her and Meyliservet, who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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