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Rukn Ud Din Firuz
Rukn-ud-din Firuz ( fa, رکنالدین فیروز), also transliterated as Rukn al-Din Firoz (died 19 November 1236), was a ruler of Delhi sultanate for less than seven months in 1236. As a prince, he had administered the Badaun and Lahore provinces of the Sultanate. He ascended the throne after the death of his father Iltutmish, a powerful Mamluk ruler who had established the Sultanate as the most powerful kingdom in northern India. However, Ruknuddin spent his time in pursuing pleasure, and left his mother Shah Turkan in control of the administration. The misadministration led to rebellions against Ruknuddin and his mother, both of whom were arrested and imprisoned. The nobles and the army subsequently appointed his half-sister Razia on the throne. Early life Ruknuddin was born to the Delhi Sultan Iltutmish and his wife ''Khudawanda-i-Jahan'' Shah Turkan, who was a hand-maid of Turkic origin. As a prince, he was assigned the iqta' of Badaun in 1228. He administered Bad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sultan Of Delhi
The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several lists of incumbents. It includes those said to have ruled a portion of the Indian subcontinent, including Sri Lanka. The Mahajanapada, earliest Indian rulers are known from epigraphical sources found in archeological inscriptions on Edicts of Ashoka, Ashokan edicts written in Pali language and using brahmi script. They are also known from the literary sources like Sanskrit literature, Jain literature and Buddhist literature in context of Indian literature, literary sources. Pottery in the Indian subcontinent, Archaeological sources include archeological remains in Indian subcontinent which give many details about earlier kingdoms, monarchs, and their interactions with each other. Early types of historic documentation include Coinage of India, metal coins with an indication of the ruler, or at least the dynasty, at the time. These Punch-marked coins were issued around 600s BCE and are found in abundance from the Maurya ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qarlughids
The Qarlughids were a tribe of Turkic origin that controlled Ghazni, lands of the Bamyan, the Kurram Valley (Ghazna, Banban, and Kurraman), and established a short-lived Muslim principality and dynasty that lasted between 1236 and 1266. The Qarlughids (or Karluk Turks) arrived from the north to settle in the regions of Hazarajat together with the armies of Muhammad II of Khwarezm, the Shah of Khwarezm. Throughout most of its existence, the Qarlugh Kingdom functioned as a buffer state between its two powerful neighbors, the Delhi Sultanate to the east and south and the Mongol Empire to the north and west. With the Malik at the throne, the Qarlugh would frequently switch allegiances between their two powerful neighbors and through balanced diplomacy managed to become an important trade intermediary between the Mongols of Central Asia and the lands of the subcontinent. One testament to Qarlughid prosperity is the significant coinage found from this dynasty. History Establishmen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jumu'ah
In Islam, Friday prayer or Congregational prayer ( ar, صَلَاة ٱلْجُمُعَة, ') is a prayer ('' ṣalāt'') that Muslims hold every Friday, after noon instead of the Zuhr prayer. Muslims ordinarily pray five times each day according to the sun's sky path regardless of time zones. ''Jumu’ah'' means Friday in the Arabic language. In many Muslim countries, the weekend is inclusive of Fridays, while in others, Fridays are half-days for schools and some workplaces. Meaning It is one of the most exalted Islamic rituals and one of its confirmed obligatory acts. Obligation There is consensus among Muslims regarding the Friday prayer (''salat al-jum‘ah'') being ''wajib'' - required - in accordance with the Quranic verse, as well as the many traditions narrated both by Shi’i and Sunni sources. According to the majority of Sunni schools and some Shiite jurists, Friday prayer is a religious obligation, but their differences were based on whether its obligation is condi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kuhram
Ghuram is a village in the Patiala district of Punjab, India. History An ancient site called Ram Garh is located in Ghuram. Some coins discovered here were attributed to the ancient Audumbara tribe by archaeologists G. B. Sharma and Manmohan Kumar, but later scholars have assigned these to the Mitra rulers including Indramitra. In 1976, Sharma discovered a seal bearing the Gupta Brahmi legend "Ghvankrum", which may be the ancient name of Ghuram. According to a local tradition, Kaushalya, the mother of the legendary hero Rama, was born in Ghuram. Mound of Ghuram, district Patiala, Punjab.jpg , Mound of Ghuram Bhikham Shah Da Maqbra, Ghuram,district Patiala, Punjab.jpg , Bhikham Shah Da Maqbra Ghuram is mentioned as "Kuhram" in Persian language sources such as ''Ain-i-Akbari''. After the Ghurid ruler Mu'izz ad-Din defeated the Chahamana king Prithviraja III at the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192, he placed his general Qutb al-Din Aibak at Ghuram. According to a legend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dizdar
{{for, people with the surname, Dizdar (surname) Dizdar ( fa, دزدار, translit=dizdār; tr, dizdar, kale muhafızı) was the title given in the Ottoman Empire to a castle warden or fortress commander, appointed to manage troops and keep the fortress in its role as a defence point. The word is of Persian origin, meaning gatekeeper, watchman, guardsman or castellan. It spread to the west following the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans. Dizdar commanded military unit in the fortress, but at the same time he was responsible for the settlement (village or town) under or around it as well, because the purpose of fortress was to defend the area. As a commanding person, dizdar had his deputy, called ''chekhaya'' ( tr, kâhya), and other subordinates (e.g. yasakci). His superiors were captain, sanjakbeg and other senior military officers. In 1839 after the Tanzimat reforms, the Ottoman Empire abolished captaincies; the titles like captain and dizdar ceased to exist. See also *Di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dabir
''Dibīr'' (Middle Persian for "secretary/scribe") was the title of one of the four classes in the society of Sasanian Iran, which played a major role in Sasanian politics. The term fell out of favour under the Umayyad Caliphate, when Persian was replaced with Arabic as the administrative language. The title again became an administrative title as New Persian form ''dabīr'' () when Persian was revived as the language of administration under the Samanids People Samanid Samanid Samanid The Samanid Empire ( fa, سامانیان, Sāmāniyān) also known as the Samanian Empire, Samanid dynasty, Samanid amirate, or simply as the Samanids) was a Persianate Sunni Muslim empire, of Iranian dehqan orig ... and Ghaznavids. The title was thereafter used for decades till the Safavid period, when it was replaced by the title of ''monshi'' (). However, ''dabīr'' was in use once again under the Qajar dynasty. Sources * Persian words and phrases Government of the Samanid Empire Gov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarain
Taraori, or Tarori or Tarawari, as it is sometimes called in the local dialect, is a town (Municipal committee) in Nilokheri Tehsil of Karnal district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is situated off NH-44, 14 km north of Karnal. The name ''Taraori'' is derived from the word '' Tarai''. History It was at Tarawadi that in 1191 the Hindu Rajput army under Prithviraj Chauhan defeated the invading army of Muhammad of Ghaur at the First Battle of Tarain. The following year, Ghauri invaded again and defeated Prithviraj's forces here, at the Second Battle of Tarain. A wall around the fort is now in a dilapidated condition. A mosque and a tank, said to be the works of Aurangzeb, are still in existence. Taraori is also known as Tarain. Demographics India census, Taraori had a population of 22,205. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Taraori has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 66%, and female ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mansurpur
Mansurpur is a village in Phillaur tehsil of Jalandhar District of Punjab State, India. It is located 4 km away from postal head office Bara Pind. The village is 6 km away from Goraya, 9 km from Phillaur, 39 km from Jalandhar, and 121 km from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a Sarpanch, who is the elected representative of the village. Sidhu, Dhaliwal, Mall, Jandu, Sandhu are main gotra in the village. Demographics According to the 2011 Census, The village has a population of 1273. 651 are males, while 622 are females. Mansurpur has a literacy rate of 80.94%, higher than the average literacy rate of Punjab. Most villagers belong to a Schedule Caste (SC), comprising 72.58% of the total. Education Mansurpur has a co-ed upper primary with Secondary school which was founded in 1972. Schools in Mansurpur provide a mid-day meal as per the Indian Midday Meal Scheme. Transport Rail Ludhiana Junction railway station is 24& ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kol Tehsil
Kol is a tehsil in the Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Kol is the old name for the city of Aligarh, and originally, the name was used for the area that is now covered by the Aligarh district. The present-day Kol tehsil is a part of Aligarh city. It covers the area beside the Grand Trunk Road. The origin of the name of Kol is obscure. In some ancient texts, Kol has been referred to in the sense of a tribe or caste, name of a place or mountain and name of a sage or demon. Ibn Batutah the famous Arab geographer and traveler has written an account of Kol in his travelogue. This was the area where he was robbed of all his possessions and left unclad: while en route to China from Delhi as Muhammad Tughlaq's envoy to Ukhaantu Khan's court. Which according to H A R Gibb "...spring some of the most lively passages of his narrative, such as his escape from Koel (the modern Aligarh)."Travels In Asia And Africa, 1325-54 By Ibn Batuta, translated by H A R Gibb References S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vizier
A vizier (; ar, وزير, wazīr; fa, وزیر, vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title ''wazir'' to a minister formerly called ''katib'' (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the ''dapir'' (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings. In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond. Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as ''vizir'', ''wazir'', and ''vezir''. Etymology Vizier is suggested to be an Iranian word, from the Pahlavi root of ''vičir'', which originally had the meaning of a ''decree'', ''mandate'', and ''command'', but later as its use in Dinkard also suggests, came to mean ''judge'' or ''magistrate''. Arthur Jeffery considers the word to be a "good Iranian" word, as has a well-established root in Avestan language. The Pahlavi ''viči ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hansi
Hansi, is a city and municipal council in Hisar district in the Indian state of Haryana. It appears that at one time Hansi was larger, more prosperous and more important than Hisar. The town has several important buildings of archeological importance. In 2016, the Haryana government put forward a proposal to carve the new Hansi district out of the Hisar district. History It is believed that Hansi was founded by King Anangpal Vihangpal Tomar for his guru "''Hansakar''" (957 AD). Later, the son of King Anangpal Tomar, Drupad established a sword manufacturing factory in this fort, hence it is also called " Asigarh". Swords from this fort were exported as far away as to Arab countries. As per ''Talif-e-Tajkara-e-Hansi'' by Qazi Sharif Husain in 1915, around 80 forts across the area were controlled from this centre "Asigarh". A few also say that it was founded by ill daughter ''Hansivati/Ambavati'' of Prithvi Raj Chauhan though there exists no proof of Prithiviraj's daughter by that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multan
Multan (; ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, on the bank of the Chenab River. Multan is Pakistan's seventh largest city as per the 2017 census, and the major cultural, religious and economic centre of southern Punjab. Multan is one of the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities#Asia, oldest continuously inhabited cities in Asia, with a history stretching deep into antiquity. The ancient city was the site of the renowned Multan Sun Temple, and was besieged by Alexander the Great during the Mallian Campaign. A historic cultural centre of the wider Punjab, it was conquered by the Ummayad military commander Muhammad bin qasim, Muhammad bin Qasim. The city later became independent as the capital of the Emirate of Multan in 855 A.D., before subsequently coming under the rule of empires such as the Ghaznavids, the Ghurids and the Mamluk Sultanate, Mamluks. In 1445, it became capital of the Langah Sultanate. In 1526, it was conquered by the Mughal Empire. Multan Subah would become o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
