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Rotenoid
Rotenoids are naturally occurring substances containing a cis-fused tetrahydrochromeno ,4-bhromene nucleus. Many have insecticidal activity, such as the prototypical member of the family, rotenone. Rotenoids are related to the isoflavones. Natural occurrences Many plants in the subfamily Faboideae contain rotenoids. Rotenoids can be found in ''Lonchocarpus sp''. Deguelin and tephrosin can be found in ''Tephrosia vogelii''. 6'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12a-hydroxydalpanol can be found in the fruits of ''Amorpha fruticosa''. Elliptol, 12-deoxo-12alpha-methoxyelliptone, 6-methoxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-hydroxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-oxo-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin and 12a-hydroxyelliptone can be isolated from the twigs of ''Millettia duchesnei''. Deguelin, dehydrodeguelin, rotenol, rotenone, tephrosin and sumatrol can be found in ''Indigofera tinctoria''. 6aα,12aα-12a-hydroxyelliptone can be found in the stems of ''Derris trifoliata''. Amorphol, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deguelin
Deguelin is a derivative of rotenone. Both are compounds classified as rotenoids of the flavonoid family and are naturally occurring insecticides. They can be produced by extraction from several plant species belonging to three genera of the legume family, Fabaceae: ''Lonchocarpus'', ''Derris'', or ''Tephrosia''. Cubé resin, the root extract from cubé (''Lonchocarpus utilis'') and from barbasco (''Lonchocarpus urucu''), is used as a commercial insecticide and piscicide (fish poison). The major active ingredients are rotenone and deguelin. Although "organic" (produced by nature) cubé resin is no longer considered environmentally safe. Rat pharmacokinetics * Mean residence time (MRT) = 6.98 h * Terminal half-life (t1/2(gamma)) = 9.26 h * Area under the curve (AUC) = 57.3 ng h/ml * Total clearance (Cl) = 4.37 L/h per kg * Apparent volume of distribution (V) = 3.421 L/kg * Volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) = 30.46 L/kg * Tissue distributions after i.v. (intraveno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tephrosin
Tephrosin is rotenoid. It is a natural fish poison found in the leaves and seeds of ''Tephrosia purpurea'' and '' T. vogelii''.Production of rotenoids by heterotrophic and photomixotrophic cell cultures of tephrosia vogelii. Nadine Lambert, Marie-France Trouslot, Claudine Nef-Campa and Hervé Chrestin, Phytochemistry, Volume 34, Issue 6, December 1993, Pages 1515-1520, See also *Cubé resin ''Lonchocarpus'' is a plant genus in the legume family ( Fabaceae). The species are called lancepods due to their fruit resembling an ornate lance tip or a few beads on a string. ''Cubé'' resin is produced from the roots of '' L. urucu'' and n ... References Pesticides Phenol ethers Acyloins Tertiary alcohols Rotenoids Cyclic ethers Heterocyclic compounds with 5 rings Pyranochromenes Methoxy compounds {{heterocyclic-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotenone
Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine plant, and the roots of several members of Fabaceae. It was the first described member of the family of chemical compounds known as rotenoids. Discovery The earliest record of the now-known rotenone-containing plants used for killing leaf-eating caterpillars was in 1848, and for centuries, the same plants were used to poison fish. The active chemical component was first isolated in 1895 by a French botanist, Emmanuel Geoffroy, who called it ''nicouline'', from a specimen of ''Robinia nicou'', now called ''Lonchocarpus nicou'', while traveling in French Guiana. He wrote about this research in his thesis, published in 1895 after his death from a parasitic disease. In 1902 Kazuo Nagai, Japanese chemical engineer of the Government-General of Taiwan, isolated a pure crystalline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigofera Tinctoria
''Indigofera tinctoria'', also called true indigo, is a species of plant from the bean family that was one of the original sources of indigo dye. Description True indigo is a shrub one to two meters high. It may be an annual plant, annual, biennial plant, biennial, or perennial, depending on the climate in which it is grown. It has light green pinnate leaves and sheafs of pink or violet flowers. The rotenoids deguelin, dehydrodeguelin, rotenol, rotenone, tephrosin and sumatrol can be found in ''I. tinctoria''. Distribution and habitat It has been naturalized to tropical and temperate Asia, as well as parts of Africa, but its native habitat is unknown since it has been in cultivation worldwide for many centuries. Agricultural use The plant is a legume, so it is rotated into fields to improve the soil in the same way that other legume crops such as alfalfa and beans are. The plant is also widely grown as a soil-improving groundcover. Dye Dye is obtained from the proces ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derris Trifoliata
''Derris trifoliata'' is a plant species in the genus ''Derris'', Family - Leguminosae It is known as "Karanjvel" in Marathi - local language of Maharashtra, India. It is a large climber found commonly in coastal swamps of Konkan (India). It is 3-5 meters long. Its leaves are alternate, pinnate, 12-20 cm; leaflets 5, ovate, 6-10 com, acuminate, rounded at base. Flowers are 1 cm in size, in axillary racemes 8-15 cm. Pods are 3-4 cm, flat, pale yellow in color. The rotenoid 6aα,12aα-12a-hydroxyelliptone can be found in the stems of ''D. trifoliata''. The larvae of ''Hasora hurama ''Hasora hurama'', the broad-banded awl, is a butterfly of the family Hesperiidae. It is found in Australia (north-eastern coast of the Northern Territory, the northern Gulf and the north-eastern coast of Queensland), Irian Jaya, Maluku, the S ...'' feed on ''D. trifoliata''. Gallery: File:Derris trifoliata Lour..jpg References External links Millettieae Plants described in 17 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amorpha Fruticosa
''Amorpha fruticosa'' is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, known by several common names, including desert false indigo, false indigo-bush, and bastard indigobush. It is native to North America. Description ''Amorpha fruticosa'' is a perennial shrub. It grows as a glandular, thornless shrub which can reach in height and spread to twice that in width. It is somewhat variable in morphology. The leaves are made up of many hairy, oval-shaped, spine-tipped leaflets. The inflorescence is a spike-shaped raceme of many flowers, each with a single purple petal and ten protruding stamens with yellow anthers. The fruit is a legume pod containing one or two seeds. Distribution and habitat The native range extends through much of the United States and south into Mexico. Its native habitats include stream and pond edges, open woods, roadsides and canyons. The species has escaped cultivation elsewhere and is present as an introduced species in Europe, Asia, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amorpha
''Amorpha'' is a genus of plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. All the species are native to North America, from southern Canada, most of the United States (US), and northern Mexico. They are commonly known as false indigo. The name ''Amorpha'' means "deformed" or "without form" in Greek and was given because flowers of this genus only have one petal, unlike the usual "pea-shaped" flowers of the Faboideae subfamily. ''Amorpha'' is missing the wing and keel petals. The desert false indigo or indigo bush (''Amorpha fruticosa''), is a shrub that grows from 3 m to 5 m tall. The species is considered a rare species in the US state of West Virginia and in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, but is considered an invasive plant in some areas of the northeastern and northwestern United States and in southeastern Canada, beyond its native range, and has also been introduced into Europe. The lead plant (''Amorpha canescens''), a bushy shrub, is an important North Ame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotenone
Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine plant, and the roots of several members of Fabaceae. It was the first described member of the family of chemical compounds known as rotenoids. Discovery The earliest record of the now-known rotenone-containing plants used for killing leaf-eating caterpillars was in 1848, and for centuries, the same plants were used to poison fish. The active chemical component was first isolated in 1895 by a French botanist, Emmanuel Geoffroy, who called it ''nicouline'', from a specimen of ''Robinia nicou'', now called ''Lonchocarpus nicou'', while traveling in French Guiana. He wrote about this research in his thesis, published in 1895 after his death from a parasitic disease. In 1902 Kazuo Nagai, Japanese chemical engineer of the Government-General of Taiwan, isolated a pure crystalline ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lonchocarpus
''Lonchocarpus'' is a plant genus in the legume family (biology), family (Fabaceae). The species are called lancepods due to their fruit resembling an ornate lance tip or a few beads on a string. ''Cubé'' resin is produced from the roots of ''Lonchocarpus urucu, L. urucu'' and namely 'Lonchocarpus utilis, L. utilis'' (''cubé''). It contains enough of the toxic rotenoids rotenone and deguelin to be used as an insecticide and piscicide. As these are naturally occurring compounds, they were formerly used in organic farming. Since it is highly unselective and kills useful, as well as pest, animals, it is considered harmful to the environment today. Also, Chronic (medicine), chronic exposure to rotenone and deguelin seems to increase the risk of Parkinson's disease even in mammals, for which these compounds are less Acute (medicine), acutely toxic than for fish and insects. On the other hand, deguelin might be useful in cancer therapy if it can be applied directly into tumors, and ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Millettia Duchesnei
''Millettia duchesnei'' is a large forest liana in the genus ''Millettia''. The rotenoids elliptol, 12-deoxo-12alpha-methoxyelliptone, 6-methoxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-hydroxy-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 6-oxo-6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin, 12a-hydroxyelliptone and the flavanone eriodictyol Eriodictyol is a bitter-masking flavanone, a flavonoid extracted from yerba santa (''Eriodictyon californicum''), a plant native to North America. Eriodictyol is one of the four flavanones identified in this plant as having taste-modifying proper ... can be isolated from the twigs of ''M. duchesnei''.Rotenoid derivatives and other constituents of the twigs of Millettia duchesnei. François Ngandeu, Merhatibeb Bezabih, Dieudonne Ngamga, Alembert T. Tchinda, Bonaventure T. Ngadjui, Berhanu M. Abegaz, Hanh Dufat and François Tillequin, Phytochemistry, Volume 69, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 258-263, References External links duchesnei Taxa named by Émile Auguste Jos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lonchocarpus Salvadorensis
''Lonchocarpus salvadorensis'', the Sangre de Chucho, is a plant species in the genus ''Lonchocarpus''. The rotenoids deguelin, rotenone Rotenone is an odorless, colorless, crystalline isoflavone used as a broad-spectrum insecticide, piscicide, and pesticide. It occurs naturally in the seeds and stems of several plants, such as the jicama vine plant, and the roots of several member ..., elliptone and α-toxicarol can be found in the seeds of ''L. salvadorensis''.Rotenoids of Lonchocarpus salvadorensis: Their effectiveness in protecting seeds against bruchid predation. Nicholas Birch, Leslie Crombie and W. Mary Crombie, Phytochemistry, Volume 24, Issue 12, 26 November 1985, Pages 2881-2883, References External links salvadorensis {{Millettieae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
