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Rishama
A rishama (rišama; riš-ama) or rishema ( myz, ࡓࡉࡔࡀࡌࡀ, lit='head/leader of the people'; ar, ريشما; fa, ریشا اد اما) is a religious patriarch in Mandaeism. It is the highest rank out of all the Mandaean clergical ranks. The next ranks are the ''ganzibra'' and ''tarmida'' priests (see Mandaean priest). In Iraq, the current rishama is Sattar Jabbar Hilo. In Australia, the Rishama and head of the Mandaean community is Salah Choheili. Notable ''rishama'' or patriarchs * Anush bar Danqa, the leader of the Mandaeans, who appeared before Muslim authorities at the beginning of the Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia *Yahya Bihram, who revived the entire Mandaean priesthood during the 1830s *Sattar Jabbar Hilo, the current Mandaean patriarch in Iraq *Dakhil Aidan, patriarch from 1917 to 1964 in Iraq *Jabbar Choheili (d. 2014), rishama in Iran * Salah Choheili, the current rishama and head of the Mandaean community in Australia * Zazai d-Gawazta bar Hawa, patriarch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaeism
Mandaeism (Classical Mandaic: ࡌࡀࡍࡃࡀࡉࡉࡀ ; Arabic: المندائيّة ), sometimes also known as Nasoraeanism or Sabianism, is a Gnostic, monotheistic and ethnic religion. Its adherents, the Mandaeans, revere Adam, Abel, Seth, Enos, Noah, Shem, Aram, Jesus and especially John the Baptist. Mandaeans consider Adam, Seth, Noah, Shem and John the Baptist prophets with Adam being the founder of the religion and John being the greatest and final prophet. The Mandaeans speak an Eastern Aramaic language known as Mandaic. The name 'Mandaean' comes from the Aramaic ''manda'', meaning knowledge. Within the Middle East, but outside their community, the Mandaeans are more commonly known as the (singular: ), or as Sabians (, ). The term is derived from an Aramaic root related to baptism. The term Sabians derives from the mysterious religious group mentioned three times in the Quran alongside the Jews, the Christians and the Zoroastrians as a 'People of the Book', and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sattar Jabbar Hilo
Sheikh (''Rabbi'') Rishama Sattar Jabbar Hilo al-Zahrony ( ar, الريش امه ستار جبار حلو الزهروني; also known as His Holiness Ganzevra Sattar Jabbar Hilo al-Zahrony) is the patriarch and international head of the Mandaean religion in Iraq. He is currently based in Baghdad, Iraq. Biography Rishama Sattar Jabbar Hilo was born in Iraq. Rishama Sattar Jabbar Hilo has spoken at many conferences and seminars abroad to raise awareness of the human rights crisis among the Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran. See also *Dakhil Aidan, the Mandaean patriarch from 1917 to 1964 in Iraq *Jabbar Choheili, a former Mandaean patriarch of Ahvaz, Iran *Yahya Bihram, a 19-century Mandaean priest (from Iraq) * Mandaeans in Iraq, in the Arabic Wikipedia The Arabic Wikipedia ( ar, ويكيبيديا العربية) is the Modern Standard Arabic version of Wikipedia. It started on 9 July 2003. As of , it has articles, registered users and files and it is the largest edition o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jabbar Choheili
Sheikh (''Rabbi'') Ganzibra Jabbar Choheili ( fa, جبار چحیلی, also known as Sheikh Jabbar Tawūsī Al-Kuhaili, ar, جبار طاووس الكحيلي; born 1923, died December 27, 2014) was the head of the Mandaean Council of Ahvaz, which presides over the Mandaean community of Iran. Biography Jabbar Choheili held the Mandaean clergical ranks of ''Ganzibra'' (head priest) and ''Rishama'' (patriarch), the highest Mandaean clergical rank. He was born in 1923 in the city of Ahvaz, Khuzestan Province, Iran into the Kuhailia (Persian pronunciation "Choheili") clan. His ''malwasha'' (baptismal name) is Mhatam Yuhana ( myz, ࡌࡄࡀࡕࡀࡌ ࡉࡅࡄࡀࡍࡀ; full name: ''Rabbi Ganzibra Mhatam Yuhana bar Sharat''; also known as ''Mhatam Yuhana bar Yahya''; or in Arabic: ''Shaikh Jabar, the son of Ṭawoos'') (note: Mandaeans typically have both a birth name and a baptismal name). In 1948, he traveled from Iran to Qal'at Saleh, Iraq to become initiated as a tarmida by Sheik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yahya Bihram
Yahya Bihram (also spelled Yahia Bihram; myz, ࡉࡀࡄࡉࡀ ࡁࡉࡄࡓࡀࡌ) was a 19th-century Mandaean priest. Although initially a learned layman (''yalufa''), he became known for reviving the Mandaean priesthood after a cholera epidemic had killed all living Mandaean priests in 1831. He is mentioned in the colophons of various Mandaean manuscripts. Early life Yahya Bihram was born around 1811 as the son of the Mandaean ''ganzibra'' (high priest) Adam Yuhana ( myz, ࡀࡃࡀࡌ ࡉࡅࡄࡀࡍࡀ), and belonged to the Qindila ("lamp"), Kamisia, and Riš Draz families. His father, Adam Yuhana, had previously served as an informant for the British Vice-Consul John George Taylor in Basra and taught him to read the ''Ginza Rabba''. Adam Yuhana also copied the manuscripts DC 12, 38, 39, 41, and 53, which are now held at the Bodleian Library's Drower Collection. Yahya Bihram spent his childhood in Basra, in his father's large house next to Taylor's house. Taylor collected va ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Australians
Mandaean Australians are Australians of Mandaean descent or Mandaeans who have Australian citizenship. Australia has the second-highest Mandaean population in the world, after Sweden. Sydney metropolitan area The Sydney metropolitan area in Australia has one of the largest Mandaean diaspora communities in the world. The community is centered in Greater Western Sydney suburbs such as Penrith and Liverpool. In Liverpool, the main mandi (Beth Manda) is the Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi. The Sabian Mandaean Association of Australia has purchased land by the banks of the Nepean River at Wallacia, New South Wales in order to build a new mandi. Another mandi in Sydney is the Yahya Yuhana Mandi. Associations The Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia is the largest Mandaean association in Australia. Religious affairs are managed by the Mandaean Synod of Australia. Notable people * Salah Choheili, the current Rishama and head of the Mandaean community in Australia *Majid Fandi al-Mubaraki, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganzibra
A ganzibra (singular form in myz, ࡂࡀࡍࡆࡉࡁࡓࡀ, plural form in myz, ࡂࡀࡍࡆࡉࡁࡓࡉࡀ , literally 'treasurer' in Mandaic; fa, گنزورا) is a high priest in Mandaeism. Tarmidas, or junior priests, rank below the ganzibras.Drower, E. S. 1960. ''The Secret Adam: A Study of Nasoraean Gnosis''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Symbolically, ganzibras are considered to be uthras on earth (Tibil). Their responsibilities include performing masbuta, masiqta, wedding ceremonies, and other rituals, all of which can only be performed by priests. They must prepare their own food to maintain ritual purity. Ganzibra priests are also prohibited from consuming stimulants such as wine, tobacco, and coffee. Ordination The ganzibras go through an elaborate set of initiation rituals that are separate from those performed for the tarmidas. According Drower (1937), a ganzibra can only be initiated immediately before the death of a pious member of the Mandaean community. Two ganzibra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scroll Of Exalted Kingship
The ''Scroll of Exalted Kingship'' ( myz, ࡃࡉࡅࡀࡍ ࡌࡀࡋࡊࡅࡕࡀ ࡏࡋࡀࡉࡕࡀ ) is a Mandaean religious text. Written as a large illustrated scroll, the text consists of 1,363 lines. The scroll is a commentary on ''tarmida'' (junior priest) initiation. Other related texts include ''The Coronation of the Great Shishlam'', also a commentary on the initiation of the ''tarmida'', and the two esoteric textsDrower, E. S. 1963. A Pair of Naṣoraean Commentaries: Two Priestly Documents, the Great First World and the Lesser First World'. Leiden: Brill. ''Alma Rišaia Rabbā'' (''The Great "First World"'', DC 41) and ''Alma Rišaia Zuṭa'' (''The Lesser "First World"'', DC 48). Manuscripts and translations An English translation of the text, based on Manuscript 34 of the Drower Collection (commonly abbreviated DC 34), was published by Jorunn Jacobsen Buckley in 1993. Contents The beginning of the scroll, from lines 7–227, references 103 prayers in the Qolasta, whi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mandaean Priests
A Mandaean priest or ''Rabbi'' refers to an ordained religious leader in Mandaeism. Overview All priests must undergo lengthy ordination ceremonies, beginning with tarmida initiation. Mandaean religious leaders and copyists of religious texts hold the title ''Rabbi'' or in Arabic 'Sheikh'. All Mandaean communities traditionally require the presence of a priest, since priests are required to officiate over all important religious rituals, including masbuta, masiqta, birth and wedding ceremonies. Priests also serve as teachers, scribes, and community leaders. Unfortunately, many Mandaean diaspora communities do not have easy access to priests. Names In Mandaean scriptures, priests are referred to as ''Naṣuraiia'' ( myz, ࡍࡀࡑࡅࡓࡀࡉࡉࡀ, lit= Naṣoraeans) or occasionally as ''Tarmiduta''. On the other hand, laypeople are referred to as ''Mandaiia'' ( myz, ࡌࡀࡍࡃࡀࡉࡉࡀ, lit=Gnostics, Knowers, Enlightened Ones). ''Naṣuraiia'' are considered to have ''naṣ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archbishop
In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdiocese ( with some exceptions), or are otherwise granted a titular archbishopric. In others, such as the Lutheran Church of Sweden and the Church of England, the title is borne by the leader of the denomination. Etymology The word archbishop () comes via the Latin ''archiepiscopus.'' This in turn comes from the Greek , which has as components the etymons -, meaning 'chief', , 'over', and , 'seer'. Early history The earliest appearance of neither the title nor the role can be traced. The title of "metropolitan" was apparently well known by the 4th century, when there are references in the canons of the First Council of Nicæa of 325 and Council of Antioch of 341, though the term seems to be used generally for all higher ranks of bishop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samaritan High Priest
The Samaritan High Priest is the high priest (''kohen gadol'') of the remaining Samaritan community in the Levant. According to Samaritan tradition, the office has existed continuously since the time of Aaron, the brother of Moses, and has been held by 133 priests over the last 3400 years. However, the historicity of this claim is disputed. One account by Josephus suggests that its office holders are an offshoot of the Zadokite high priests of Jerusalem from around the time of Alexander the Great. , the incumbent high priest is Abdel IV. Office of the High Priest Duties and responsibilities The Samaritan High Priest has the following duties in the present:The Samaritans: The Samaritan High Priests' # He decides all religious law issues. # He presides over the religious ceremonies on Mount Garizim. # He validates all marriages and divorces within the Samaritan community. # He annually publishes the liturgical calendar of the Samaritans. # He confirms a joining of the Sama ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kohanim
Kohen ( he, , ''kōhēn'', , "priest", pl. , ''kōhănīm'', , "priests") is the Hebrew word for "priest", used in reference to the Aaronic priesthood, also called Aaronites or Aaronides. Levitical priests or ''kohanim'' are traditionally believed and halakhically required to be of direct patrilineal descent from the biblical Aaron (also ''Aharon''), brother of Moses. During the existence of the Temple in Jerusalem, ''kohanim'' performed the daily and holiday (Yom Tov) duties of korban, sacrificial offerings. Today, ''kohanim'' retain a lesser though distinct status within Rabbinic and Karaite Judaism and are bound by additional restrictions according to Orthodox Judaism. In the Samaritan community, the kohanim have remained the primary religious leaders. Ethiopian Jewish religious leaders are sometimes called ''kahen'', a form of the same word, but the position is not hereditary and their duties are more like those of rabbis than kohanim in most Jewish communities. Ety ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chief Rabbi
Chief Rabbi ( he, רב ראשי ''Rav Rashi'') is a title given in several countries to the recognized religious leader of that country's Jewish community, or to a rabbinic leader appointed by the local secular authorities. Since 1911, through a capitulation by Ben-Zion Meir Hai Uziel, Israel has had two chief rabbis, one Ashkenazi and one Sephardi. Cities with large Jewish communities may also have their own chief rabbis; this is especially the case in Israel but has also been past practice in major Jewish centers in Europe prior to the Holocaust. North American cities rarely have chief rabbis. One exception however is Montreal, with two—one for the Ashkenazi community, the other for the Sephardi. Jewish law provides no scriptural or Talmudic support for the post of a "chief rabbi." The office, however, is said by many to find its precedent in the religio-political authority figures of Jewish antiquity (e.g., kings, high priests, patriarches, exilarchs and ''gaonim''). T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
