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Riism
(, possessive: ) is a singular third-person gender-neutral pronoun in Esperanto intended as an alternative to the gender-specific ("he") and ("she"). It is used by some speakers when the gender of a person is not known or when it is not desirable to specify them as either a "he" or "she", similar to how singular ''they'' is used in English. In Esperanto, the usage of this pronoun is called (, literally "-ism"); it is one of several proposals for gender-neutral pronouns in Esperanto. On 12 May 2020, Marcos Cramer, a member of the Akademio de Esperanto, published an empirical study on the usage of gender-neutral pronouns in Esperanto. The study concludes by saying that the pronoun is now much more widely known and used than ten years ago, and that this development is stronger among young people. It found that the pronoun is very widely used when referring to non-binary people, but that the usage of the pronoun to refer to a non-specific person is practiced at a considerabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender Reform In Esperanto
Gender asymmetry is an aspect of the constructed international auxiliary language Esperanto which has been challenged by numerous proposals seeking to regularize both Grammatical gender, grammatical and Lexicon, lexical gender. In the text below, when a proposed word or usage is not grammatically correct according to the standard rules of Esperanto grammar, it will be marked with an asterisk (*). Gender in Esperanto Esperanto does not have grammatical gender other than in the two personal pronouns "he" and "she" and their derivatives. Nevertheless, gender is often a fuzzy issue. In practical usage words formed with the suffix - "person" are ambiguous, sometimes used with a masculine meaning in the singular, but generally neutral in the plural. However, concepts of gender have changed over time, and many words that were once considered masculine are now neutral, especially words related to professions and animals. In older texts it is only context that disambiguates. For examp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
05 Ri Liberas
5 (five) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number, and cardinal number, following 4 and preceding 6, and is a prime number. It has attained significance throughout history in part because typical humans have five digits on each hand. In mathematics 5 is the third smallest prime number, and the second super-prime. It is the first safe prime, the first good prime, the first balanced prime, and the first of three known Wilson primes. Five is the second Fermat prime and the third Mersenne prime exponent, as well as the third Catalan number, and the third Sophie Germain prime. Notably, 5 is equal to the sum of the ''only'' consecutive primes, 2 + 3, and is the only number that is part of more than one pair of twin primes, (3, 5) and (5, 7). It is also a sexy prime with the fifth prime number and first Repunit#Decimal repunit primes, prime repunit, 11 (number), 11. Five is the third factorial prime, an alternating factorial, and an Eisenstein prime with no im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Libera Folio
''Libera Folio'' (English: ''Free Folio'') is an online Esperanto periodical about the Esperanto movement independent from the Universal Esperanto Association The Universal Esperanto Association ( eo, Universala Esperanto-Asocio, UEA), also known as the World Esperanto Association, is the largest international organization of Esperanto speakers, with 5501 individual members in 121 countries and 9215 th ..., launched on 12 April 2003. It aims to shed light on current developments in the movement soberly and critically. István Ertl and Kalle Kniivilä founded it, with Kniivilä as editor. Jan-Ulrich Hasecke was technical director from 2004 to 2016. In September 2018 Jukka Pietiläinen replaced Kniivilä as editor. Statistics In December 2006, the average daily number of visits exceeded 3000 visits for the first time. In March 2007, the average number of daily visits was 3597. In May 2012, ''Libera Folio'' had about 70,000 visits a month. References External links * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lavender Linguistics
LGBT linguistics is the study of language as used by members of LGBT communities. Related or synonymous terms include lavender linguistics, advanced by William Leap in the 1990s, which "encompass sa wide range of everyday language practices" in LGBT communities, and queer linguistics, which refers to the linguistic analysis concerning the effect of heteronormativity on expressing sexual identity through language. The former term derives from the longtime association of the color lavender with LGBT communities. "Language", in this context, may refer to any aspect of spoken or written linguistic practices, including speech patterns and pronunciation, use of certain vocabulary, and, in a few cases, an elaborate alternative lexicon such as Polari. History Early studies in the field of LGBT linguistics were dominated by the concept of distinct "lavender lexicons" such as that recorded by Gershon Legman in 1941. In 1995 William Leap, whose work incorporates LGBTQ culture studies, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feminist Language Planning
Feminist language reform or feminist language planning refers to the effort, often of political and grassroots movements, to change how language is used to gender people, activities and ideas on an individual and societal level. This initiative has been adopted in countries such as Sweden, Switzerland and Australia, and has not been linked to higher gender equality. History Linguistic activism and feminist authorship stemming from second wave feminism in the 1960s and 70s began to draw attention to gender bias in language, including "the uncovering of the gendered nature of many linguistic rules and norms". Feminist attended conferences and, as a way of activism, they interrupted to point out they were not being feeling included because of linguistic uses. Scholarship such as Dennis Baron's ''Grammar and Gender'' and Anne Bodine's "Androcentrism in Prescriptive Grammar" uncovered historical male regulation to promote male-centric language such as the use of " he" as a ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pronoun Game
"Playing the pronoun game" is the act of concealing sexual orientation in conversation by not using a gender-specific pronoun for a partner or a lover, which would reveal the sexual orientation of the person speaking. Someone may employ the pronoun game when conversing with people to whom they have not " come out". In a situation in which revealing one's sexual orientation would have adverse consequences (such as the loss of a job), playing the pronoun game is seen to be a necessary act of concealment. The pronoun game involves avoiding reference to one's sexual orientation and allowing the listener's assumptions on the matter to prevail. It also involves not drawing the listener's attention to the fact that the sex of a pronoun's antecedent is not being specified. As such, playing the pronoun game involves *re-phrasing sentences such that they avoid the need for third-person singular sex-specific pronouns (e.g. "We decided to eat out," rather than "She and I decided to eat out.") ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender-neutral Pronoun
A third-person pronoun is a pronoun that refers to an entity other than the speaker or listener. Some languages with gender-specific pronouns have them as part of a grammatical gender system, a system of agreement where most or all nouns have a value for this grammatical category. A few languages with gender-specific pronouns, such as English, Afrikaans, Defaka, Khmu, Malayalam, Tamil, and Yazgulyam, lack grammatical gender; in such languages, gender usually adheres to "natural gender", which is often based on biological gender. Other languages, including most Austronesian languages, lack gender distinctions in personal pronouns entirely, as well as any system of grammatical gender. In languages with pronominal gender, problems of usage may arise in contexts where a person of unspecified or unknown social gender is being referred to but commonly available pronouns are gender-specific. Different solutions to this issue have been proposed and used in various languages. Overview ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender-neutral Language
Gender-neutral language or gender-inclusive language is language that avoids bias towards a particular sex or gender. In English, this includes use of nouns that are not gender-specific to refer to roles or professions, formation of phrases in a coequal manner, and discontinuing the blanket use of male or female terms. For example, the words ''policeman'' and ''stewardess'' are gender-specific job titles; the corresponding gender-neutral terms are ''police officer'' and ''flight attendant''. Other gender-specific terms, such as ''actor'' and ''actress'', may be replaced by the originally male term; for example, ''actor'' used regardless of gender. Some terms, such as ''chairman'', that contain the component ''-man'' but have traditionally been used to refer to persons regardless of sex are now seen by some as gender-specific. An example of forming phrases in a coequal manner would be using ''husband and wife'' instead of ''man and wife''. Examples of discontinuing the blanket use of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plena Manlibro De Esperanta Gramatiko
''Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko'' (PMEG, en, Complete Manual of Esperanto Grammar, italic=yes) is a book which explains Esperanto grammar in an easy-to-learn format. It was mostly written by Bertilo Wennergren and is for ordinary Esperanto speakers who want to study Esperanto's grammar, word construction, writing and pronunciation. It does not use traditional grammatical terminology, which makes it easier to understand than traditional grammar textbooks. Examples of the terms used are "O-vorto" (''O-word'') instead of "substantivo" ('' noun, substantive'') and "rolvorteto" (''little role word'') instead of "prepozicio" (''preposition''). These new grammatical terms are also more suitable to describe Esperanto than traditional terms. For example, using traditional terminology, the words "tiu" (''that one''), "ambaŭ" (''both'') and "ties" (''that one's'') would be adjectives, but they behave very differently than the adjectives ending in "a"; the word "A-vorto" (''A-word'') ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Perdita Generacio
La Perdita Generacio (, LPG), is a Swedish band of musicians who perform Esperanto music. History The group was formed during the 2003 International Youth Congress of Esperanto (''Internacia Junulara Kongreso,'' IJK), held that year in Lesjöfors, Sweden. Initially the band comprised musicians who at that time were in ''Den Förlorade Generationen'' (DFG), a Swedish eco-band. The meaning of both the Swedish and the Esperanto band names is the same: “The lost generation.” LPG's first concert was spontaneous and informal, occurring during the 2003 Youth Congress's ''Internacia Vespero'' (“International Evening”); the group was then invited to play a concert the following year during IJK 2004 in Kovrov, Russia, where they received the ''Plej interesa muzikgrupo'' (“Most interesting band”) award. According to an interview with Tomas Frejarö, the group's founder and principal songwriter, both the LPG and the DFG existed at that time in parallel and independently.Rogen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender-neutral Language
Gender-neutral language or gender-inclusive language is language that avoids bias towards a particular sex or gender. In English, this includes use of nouns that are not gender-specific to refer to roles or professions, formation of phrases in a coequal manner, and discontinuing the blanket use of male or female terms. For example, the words ''policeman'' and ''stewardess'' are gender-specific job titles; the corresponding gender-neutral terms are ''police officer'' and ''flight attendant''. Other gender-specific terms, such as ''actor'' and ''actress'', may be replaced by the originally male term; for example, ''actor'' used regardless of gender. Some terms, such as ''chairman'', that contain the component ''-man'' but have traditionally been used to refer to persons regardless of sex are now seen by some as gender-specific. An example of forming phrases in a coequal manner would be using ''husband and wife'' instead of ''man and wife''. Examples of discontinuing the blanket use of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gender-neutral Pronoun
A third-person pronoun is a pronoun that refers to an entity other than the speaker or listener. Some languages with gender-specific pronouns have them as part of a grammatical gender system, a system of agreement where most or all nouns have a value for this grammatical category. A few languages with gender-specific pronouns, such as English, Afrikaans, Defaka, Khmu, Malayalam, Tamil, and Yazgulyam, lack grammatical gender; in such languages, gender usually adheres to "natural gender", which is often based on biological gender. Other languages, including most Austronesian languages, lack gender distinctions in personal pronouns entirely, as well as any system of grammatical gender. In languages with pronominal gender, problems of usage may arise in contexts where a person of unspecified or unknown social gender is being referred to but commonly available pronouns are gender-specific. Different solutions to this issue have been proposed and used in various languages. Overview ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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