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Rhodocybe
''Rhodocybe'' is a small genus of small and medium-sized brownish-pink spored mushrooms, or (following recent mycological research) it is a subgroup of genus ''Clitopilus''. These mushrooms are saprotrophic and most grow on the ground, but some are found on wood. Most are drab in appearance, though a few have vivid colors. Description The cap shape can be convex, plane, or depressed. The gills usually have adnate to decurrent attachment, rarely notched and the stems of the mushrooms are highly variable, but always lack a veil or volva. The spores are flesh-colored to salmon to brownish pink. Microscopically the shape of the spores is important in defining the group. About 20 species of ''Rhodocybe'' have been documented in Europe, but ''R. gemina'' (sometimes wrongly named ''R. truncata'') is the commonest and best known, though rare in Britain. The type species is ''Rhodocybe caelata'' (Fr.) Maire. Little is known about the edibility of ''Rhodocybes'', but one prominen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodocybe Pulchrisperma
''Rhodocybe'' is a small genus of small and medium-sized brownish-pink spored mushrooms, or (following recent mycological research) it is a subgroup of genus ''Clitopilus''. These mushrooms are saprotrophic and most grow on the ground, but some are found on wood. Most are drab in appearance, though a few have vivid colors. Description The cap shape can be convex, plane, or depressed. The gills usually have adnate to decurrent attachment, rarely notched and the stems of the mushrooms are highly variable, but always lack a veil or volva. The spores are flesh-colored to salmon to brownish pink. Microscopically the shape of the spores is important in defining the group. About 20 species of ''Rhodocybe'' have been documented in Europe, but ''R. gemina'' (sometimes wrongly named ''R. truncata'') is the commonest and best known, though rare in Britain. The type species is ''Rhodocybe caelata'' (Fr.) Maire. Little is known about the edibility of ''Rhodocybes'', but one prominen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodocybe Paurii
''Rhodocybe'' is a small genus of small and medium-sized brownish-pink spored mushrooms, or (following recent mycological research) it is a subgroup of genus ''Clitopilus''. These mushrooms are saprotrophic and most grow on the ground, but some are found on wood. Most are drab in appearance, though a few have vivid colors. Description The cap shape can be convex, plane, or depressed. The gills usually have adnate to decurrent attachment, rarely notched and the stems of the mushrooms are highly variable, but always lack a veil or volva. The spores are flesh-colored to salmon to brownish pink. Microscopically the shape of the spores is important in defining the group. About 20 species of ''Rhodocybe'' have been documented in Europe, but ''R. gemina'' (sometimes wrongly named ''R. truncata'') is the commonest and best known, though rare in Britain. The type species is ''Rhodocybe caelata'' (Fr.) Maire. Little is known about the edibility of ''Rhodocybes'', but one prominen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodocybe Mellea
''Rhodocybe'' is a small genus of small and medium-sized brownish-pink spored mushrooms, or (following recent mycological research) it is a subgroup of genus '' Clitopilus''. These mushrooms are saprotrophic and most grow on the ground, but some are found on wood. Most are drab in appearance, though a few have vivid colors. Description The cap shape can be convex, plane, or depressed. The gills usually have adnate to decurrent attachment, rarely notched and the stems of the mushrooms are highly variable, but always lack a veil or volva. The spores are flesh-colored to salmon to brownish pink. Microscopically the shape of the spores is important in defining the group. About 20 species of ''Rhodocybe'' have been documented in Europe, but ''R. gemina'' (sometimes wrongly named ''R. truncata'') is the commonest and best known, though rare in Britain. The type species is ''Rhodocybe caelata'' (Fr.) Maire. Little is known about the edibility of ''Rhodocybes'', but one promin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entolomataceae
The Entolomataceae, also known as Rhodophyllaceae, are a large family of pink-spored terrestrial gilled mushrooms which includes the genera ''Entoloma'', '' Rhodocybe'', and ''Clitopilus''. The family collectively contains over 1500 species, the large majority of which are in ''Entoloma''. Genera formerly known as ''Leptonia'' and ''Nolanea'', amongst others, have been subsumed into ''Entoloma''. Mushrooms in the Entolomataceae typically grow in woodlands or grassy areas and have attached gills, differentiating them from the Pluteaceae, which have free gills. Description The very large family Entolomataceae has a cosmopolitan distribution, and species are common in both temperate and tropical climates. Although the shape of the fruiting body and many microscopic characteristics are very diverse, it forms a well-defined group due to the distinctive spores: the spore print is pink (or brownish or greyish pink) and the spores are ornamented with bumps or ridges, or have a sharp-p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhodocybe Gemina
''Rhodocybe gemina'', or ''Clitopilus geminus'', is a species of fungus in the Entolomataceae family. It produces fruit bodies that are fleshy, medium-sized, and cream-coloured when young, colouring brownish when mature. Description The skin of the cap is matte, not slimy or shiny. At first the cap is somewhat umbonate, later becoming irregular and flattened. The gills are adnate to decurrent in attachment and the stem is whitish – often lighter than the gills and relatively short, but always lacking a veil or volva. The spore print is flesh coloured to salmon-pink. Microscopically the spores are angular when viewed on end; when viewed from the side they are bumpy. A saprotrophic species, it grows generally in grassland and parks, but some are found in woodlands, both broad leaved and occasionally coniferous. The mushroom has a pleasant mealy scent, spicy and slightly aromatic, but can taste slightly overpowering when raw. It is described as a choice edible in Germany and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitopilus
''Clitopilus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Entolomataceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in northern temperate areas. Although a 2008 estimate suggested about 30 species in the genus, a more recent publication (2009) using molecular phylogenetics has redefined the genus to include many former ''Rhodocybe'' species. Species *''Clitopilus acerbus'' Noordel. & Co-David *''Clitopilus albovelutinus'' (G. Stev.) Noordel. & Co-David *''Clitopilus alutaceus'' (Singer) Noordel. & Co-David *'' Clitopilus amarellus'' (Cons., D. Antonini, M. Antonini & Contu) Noordel. & Co-David *''Clitopilus amygdaliformis'' Zhu L. Yang *''Clitopilus angustisporus'' (Singer) Noordel. & Co-David *''Clitopilus ardosiacus'' (E. Horak & Griesser) Noordel. & Co-David *''Clitopilus aureicystidiatus'' (Lennox ex T.J. Baroni) Noordel. & Co-David *''Clitopilus australis'' (Singer) Noordel. & Co-David *''Clitopilus azalearum'' (Murrill) Noordel. & Co-David *''Clitopilus balearicus'' (Courte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricales
The fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms (for their distinctive gills) or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 extant families, 413 genera, and over 13,000 described species, along with six extinct genera known only from the fossil record. They range from the ubiquitous common mushroom to the deadly destroying angel and the hallucinogenic fly agaric to the bioluminescent jack-o-lantern mushroom. History, classification and phylogeny In his three volumes of '' Systema Mycologicum'' published between 1821 and 1832, Elias Fries put almost all of the fleshy, gill-forming mushrooms in the genus ''Agaricus''. He organized the large genus into "tribes", the names of many of which still exist as common genera of today. Fries later elevated several of these tribes to generic level, but later authors—including Gillet, Karsten, Kummer, Quélet, and Staude—made most of the changes. Fries based his classification on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Maire
René Charles Joseph Ernest Maire (29 May 1878, Lons-le-Saunier – 24 November 1949) was a French botanist and mycologist. His major work was the ''Flore de l'Afrique du Nord'' in 16 volumes published posthumously in 1953. He collected plants from Algeria, Morocco, France, and Mali for the herbarium of the National Botanic Garden of Belgium. Biography His botanical career began very early. At 18, he penned a work on the local flora of the Haute-Saône, currently on display at the Natural History Museum of Gray. He collected plants for study in Algeria and Morocco between 1902 and 1904. After obtaining his PhD in 1905, he was a professor of botany at the Faculty of Sciences in Algiers starting in 1911 where he specialised in phytopathology. He was put in charge of botanical research by the Moroccan government and was responsible for botanical studies in the Central Sahara. He was a member of a number of institutions, including the ''Société mycologique de France'' and the ''Soc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species (biology)
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes in zool ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricomycetes
The Agaricomycetes are a class of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The taxon is roughly identical to that defined for the Homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes) by Hibbett & Thorn, with the inclusion of Auriculariales and Sebacinales. It includes not only mushroom-forming fungi, but also most species placed in the deprecated taxa Gasteromycetes and Homobasidiomycetes. Within the subdivision Agaricomycotina, which already excludes the smut and rust fungi, the Agaricomycetes can be further defined by the exclusion of the classes Tremellomycetes and Dacrymycetes, which are generally considered to be jelly fungi. However, a few former "jelly fungi", such as ''Auricularia'', are classified in the Agaricomycetes. According to a 2008 estimate, Agaricomycetes include 17 orders, 100 families, 1147 genera, and about 21000 species. Modern molecular phylogenetic analyses have been since used to help define several new orders in the Agaricomycetes: Amylocorticiales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Basidiomycota includes these groups: mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes, chanterelles, earth stars, smuts, bunts, rusts, mirror yeasts, and ''Cryptococcus'', the human pathogenic yeast. Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae (except for basidiomycota-yeast) and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized club-shaped end cells called basidia that normally bear external meiospores (usually four). These specialized spores are called basidiospores. However, some Basidiomycota are obligate asexual reproducers. Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually (discussed below) can typically be recognized as members of this division by gross similarity to others, by the form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungus
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''true f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
