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Reichstag Bloodbath
The Reichstag Bloodbath (german: Blutbad vor dem Reichstag) occurred on January 13, 1920, in front of the Reichstag building in Berlin during negotiation by the Weimar National Assembly on the Works Councils Act (). The number of people killed and injured is controversial, but it is certainly the bloodiest demonstration in German history. The event was a historic event that was overshadowed two months later by the Kapp Putsch but remained in Berlin's labour movement and security forces' collective memory. Background The government hoped to limit union activity by passing the Works Council Act. The left-wing German political parties the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and Communist Party of Germany (KPD) backed the workers who wanted unrestricted organizing powers. To push their point a protest was called for on January 13, 1920, in front of the Reichstag. Riot The protection of the building lay with the militarily organized security police (Sipo). Between ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reichstag Building
The Reichstag (, ; officially: – ; en, Parliament) is a historic government building in Berlin which houses the Bundestag, the lower house of Germany's parliament. It was constructed to house the Imperial Diet (german: Reichstag) of the German Empire. It was opened in 1894 and housed the Diet until 1933, when it was set on fire. In World War II, during the Battle of Berlin, the building was severely damaged by the Soviet Red Army. After the War, the building fell into disuse; the parliament of the German Democratic Republic (the ) met in the Palast der Republik in East Berlin, while the parliament of the Federal Republic of Germany (the Bundestag) met in the in Bonn. The ruined building was made safe against the elements and partially refurbished in the 1960s, but no attempt at full restoration was made until after German reunification on 3 October 1990, when it underwent a reconstruction led by architect Norman Foster. After its completion in 1999, it once again be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bundestag
The Bundestag (, "Federal Diet") is the German federal parliament. It is the only federal representative body that is directly elected by the German people. It is comparable to the United States House of Representatives or the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. The Bundestag was established by Title III of the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (, ) in 1949 as one of the legislative bodies of Germany and thus it is the historical successor to the earlier Reichstag. The members of the Bundestag are representatives of the German people as a whole, are not bound by any orders or instructions and are only accountable to their electorate. The minimum legal number of members of the Bundestag (german: link=no, Mitglieder des Bundestages) is 598; however, due to the system of overhang and leveling seats the current 20th Bundestag has a total of 736 members, making it the largest Bundestag to date and the largest freely elected national parliamentary chamber in the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1920 Riots
The 1920 Nebi Musa riots or 1920 Jerusalem riots took place in British-controlled part of Occupied Enemy Territory Administration between Sunday, 4 April, and Wednesday, 7 April 1920 in and around the Old City of Jerusalem. Five Jews and four Arabs were killed, and several hundred were injured. The riots coincided with and are named after the Nebi Musa festival, which was held every year on Easter Sunday, and followed rising tensions in Arab-Jewish relations. The events came shortly after the Battle of Tel Hai and the increasing pressure on Arab nationalists in Syria in the course of the Franco-Syrian War. Speeches were given by Arab religious leaders during the festival (in which large numbers of Muslims traditionally gathered for a religious procession), which included slogans referencing Zionist immigration and previous confrontations around outlying Jewish villages in the Galilee. The trigger which turned the procession into a riot is not known with certainty. The British m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Events In Berlin
Event may refer to: Gatherings of people * Ceremony, an event of ritual significance, performed on a special occasion * Convention (meeting), a gathering of individuals engaged in some common interest * Event management, the organization of events * Festival, an event that celebrates some unique aspect of a community * Happening, a type of artistic performance * Media event, an event created for publicity * Party, a social, recreational or corporate events held * Sporting event, at which athletic competition takes place * Virtual event, a gathering of individuals within a virtual environment Science, technology, and mathematics * Event (computing), a software message indicating that something has happened, such as a keystroke or mouse click * Event (philosophy), an object in time, or an instantiation of a property in an object * Event (probability theory), a set of outcomes to which a probability is assigned * Event (relativity), a point in space at an instant in time, i.e. a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
January 1920 Events In Germany
January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and is also the first of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the Northern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of winter) and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere (where it is the second month of summer). In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa. Ancient Roman observances during this month include Cervula and Juvenalia, celebrated January 1, as well as one of three Agonalia, celebrated January 9, and Carmentalia, celebrated January 11. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. History January (in Latin, ''Ianuarius'') is named after Janus, the god of beginnings and transitions in Roman mythology. Traditionally, the original Roman calendar consi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Riots And Civil Disorder In Germany
A riot is a form of civil disorder commonly characterized by a group lashing out in a violent public disturbance against authority, property, or people. Riots typically involve destruction of property, public or private. The property targeted varies depending on the riot and the inclinations of those involved. Targets can include shops, cars, restaurants, state-owned institutions, and religious buildings. Riots often occur in reaction to a grievance or out of dissent. Historically, riots have occurred due to poverty, unemployment, poor living conditions, governmental oppression, taxation or conscription, conflicts between ethnic groups (race riot) or religions (sectarian violence, pogrom), the outcome of a sporting event (sports riot, football hooliganism) or frustration with legal channels through which to air grievances. While individuals may attempt to lead or control a riot, riots typically consist of disorganized groups that are frequently "chaotic and exhibit herd beha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protests In Germany
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one. Protests can be thought of as acts of cooperation in which numerous people cooperate by attending, and share the potential costs and risks of doing so. Protests can take many different forms, from individual statements to mass demonstrations. Protesters may organize a protest as a way of publicly making their opinions heard in an attempt to influence public opinion or government policy, or they may undertake direct action in an attempt to enact desired changes themselves. Where protests are part of a systematic and peaceful nonviolent campaign to achieve a particular objective, and involve the use of pressure as well as persuasion, they go beyond mere protest and may be better described as a type of protest called civil resistance or nonviolent resistance. Various forms of self- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arbeit - Bewegung - Geschichte
''Arbeit - Bewegung - Geschichte'' ("''Labour - Movement - History''") is an academic journal covering the history of labour and other social movements. It was established in 2002 as ''Jahrbuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung'' ("''Yearbook on Labour History''") and renamed in 2016. Each issue has a main section of historical essays dealing with a variety of subjects such as the history of women's liberation, social movements in general or the antifascist resistance movements in Germany and Europe. Its main focus nevertheless is the history of the international labour and union movements, including organizations such as the Comintern and its member parties as well as social-democratic parties. References External links * Reviewby Andreas Diers in the German daily newspaper ''Neues Deutschland ''Neues Deutschland'' (''nd''; en, New Germany, sometimes stylized in lowercase letters) is a left-wing German daily newspaper, headquartered in Berlin. For ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing. It was founded in 1893 to publish scholarly and scientific works by faculty of the University of California, established 25 years earlier in 1868, and has been officially headquartered at the university's flagship campus in Berkeley, California, since its inception. As the non-profit publishing arm of the University of California system, the UC Press is fully subsidized by the university and the State of California. A third of its authors are faculty members of the university. The press publishes over 250 new books and almost four dozen multi-issue journals annually, in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, and maintains approximately 4,000 book titles in print. It is also the digital publisher of Collabra and Luminos open access (OA) initiatives. The University of California Press publishes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Works Constitution Act
The Works Constitution Act 1972 (german: Betriebsverfassungsgesetz, ), abbreviated BetrVG, is a German federal law governing the right of employees to form a works council. History In the Stinnes-Legien Abkommen 1918, at the collapse of the German Reich following World War One an agreement between trade union confederation leader Carl Legien and industrialist leader Hugo Stinnes, it was agreed that capital and labour would cooperate on an equal foot in all aspects of economic management. This was written into the Weimar Constitution, article 165. To implement this principle, in 1920 the legal predecessor '' Betriebsrätegesetz'' (Works Councils Act) mandated consultative bodies for workers in businesses with more than 20 employees. All voting rights and work councils for labour were, however, abolished by Hitler in 1933, and replaced with Nazi controlled management bodies.E McGaughey, 'The Codetermination Bargains: The History of German Corporate and Labour Law' (201623(1) Colu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platz Der Republik (Berlin)
Platz may refer to: People * David Platz (born 1929), German-British music producer * Elizabeth Platz, American Lutheran pastor * Eric Platz (born 1973), American drummer * Greg Platz (born 1950), Australian rugby league footballer * Gustav Adolf Platz (1881-1947), German architect * Hans Platz (1919-1988), German chess player * Joseph Platz (1905 – 1981), German–American chess master * Lew Platz, (fl. 1952), Australian rugby league footballer * Paul Platz (born 1920), Canadian ice hockey left winger * Reinhold Platz (1886-1966), German aircraft designer and manufacturer * Robert H.P. Platz (born 1951), German composer * Tom Platz (born 1955), American professional bodybuilder Places * Platz, the German name for the municipality of Místo, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic * Platz an der Naser, the German name for Stráž nad Nežárkou, South Bohemia, Czech Republic * Platz, Graubünden, a place in the Swiss canton of Graubünden * Platz der Luftbrücke, a city square an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Weimar National Assembly
The Weimar National Assembly (German: ), officially the German National Constitutional Assembly (), was the popularly elected constitutional convention and de facto parliament of Germany from 6 February 1919 to 21 May 1920. As part of its duties as the interim government, it debated and reluctantly approved the Treaty of Versailles that codified the peace terms between Germany and the victorious Allies of World War I. The Assembly drew up and approved the Weimar Constitution that was in force from 1919 to 1933 (and technically until the end of Nazi rule in 1945). With its work completed, the National Assembly was dissolved on 21 May 1920. Following the election of 6 June 1920, the new Reichstag met for the first time on 24 June 1920, taking the place of the Assembly. Because the National Assembly convened in Weimar rather than in politically restive Berlin, the period in German history became known as the Weimar Republic. Background At the end of World Wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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