Reduncini

	Reduncini The bovid subfamily Reduncinae or tribe Reduncini is composed of nine species of antelope, all of which dwell in marshes, floodplains, or other well-watered areas, including the waterbucks and reedbucks. These antelopes first appear in the fossil record 7.4 million years ago in Eurasia and 6.6 Mya in Africa. Taxonomy * Family Bovidae Subfamily Reduncinae * Genus '' Kobus'' ** Waterbuck, ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'' Kob, ''Kobus kob'' Lechwe, ''Kobus leche'' Nile lechwe, ''Kobus megaceros'' Puku, ''Kobus vardonii'' * Genus '' Redunca'' ** Southern reedbuck, ''Redunca arundinum'' Mountain reedbuck, ''Redunca fulvorufula'' Bohor reedbuck, ''Redunca redunca'' * Genus '' Pelea'' ** Grey rhebok, ''Pelea capreolus'' * Genus †''Menelikia'' **''Menelikia leakeyi'' ''Menelikia lyrocera'' * Genus †'' Procobus'' **''Procobus brauneri'' ''Procobus melania'' * Genus †''Sivacobus'' (Late Pliocene to Late Pleistocene of the Indi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Bovidae The Bovidae comprise the biological family of cloven-hoofed, ruminant mammals that includes cattle, bison, buffalo, antelopes, and caprines. A member of this family is called a bovid. With 143 extant species and 300 known extinct species, the family Bovidae consists of 11 (or two) major subfamilies and thirteen major tribes. The family evolved 20 million years ago, in the early Miocene. The bovids show great variation in size and pelage colouration. Excepting some domesticated forms, all male bovids have two or more horns, and in many species, females possess horns, too. The size and shape of the horns vary greatly, but the basic structure is always one or more pairs of simple bony protrusions without branches, often having a spiral, twisted or fluted form, each covered in a permanent sheath of keratin. Most bovids bear 30 to 32 teeth. Most bovids are diurnal. Social activity and feeding usually peak during dawn and dusk. Bovids typically rest before dawn, during midday ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Sivacobus ''Sivacobus'' is an extinct species of antelope that lived in South Asia during the Plio-Pleistocene. ''Sivacobus'' was the only known member of the antelope subfamily Reduncinae to occur outside of Africa. Previously, the Asian reduncines were assigned to at least six genera, but newer studies suggest that only three species, all in ''Sivacobus'', are valid. Most records of this genus are known from the Siwalik Pinjor Formation dated from 2.7 to 0.6 Ma. In 2015 a new species named ''Sivacobus sankaliai'' was described from an assemblage near Gopnath, northwestern India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so .... The assemblage has been dated to under 200 ka, extending the temporal range of the genus, by over 300,000 years. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q56328090 Prehi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Menelikia ''Menelikia'' is a genus of extinct Artiodactyl mammals, belonging to the bovids. It lived from the middle Pliocene to the middle Pleistocene (circa 4.1 - 1.4 million years ago) and its fossils are found in East Africa. Description This animal was likely similar to the contemporary ''Kobus ellipsiprymnus The waterbuck (''Kobus ellipsiprymnus'') is a large antelope found widely in sub-Saharan Africa. It is placed in the genus '' Kobus'' of the family Bovidae. It was first described by Irish naturalist William Ogilby in 1833. Its 13 subspecies ...'' or '' Kobus megaceros''. It was a medium-to-large sized antelope. Classification The genus ''Menelikia'' was coined by Arambourg in 1941 on the basis of fossil finds in the east Africa Plio-Pleistocene. The type specimen for ''Menelikia lyrocera'' lived between 3.4 and 1.4 million years ago. The species ''M. leakeyi'', described in 1991, is slightly older (4.1 - 2.5 million years old). ''Menelikia'' is a part of the group ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Bohor Reedbuck The bohor reedbuck (''Redunca redunca'') is an antelope native to central Africa. The animal is placed under the genus '' Redunca'' and in the family Bovidae. It was first described by German zoologist and botanist Peter Simon Pallas in 1767. The bohor reedbuck has five subspecies. The head-and-body length of this medium-sized antelope is typically between . Males reach approximately at the shoulder, while females reach . Males typically weigh and females . This sturdily built antelope has a yellow to grayish brown coat. Only the males possess horns which measure about long. A herbivore, the bohor reedbuck prefers grasses and tender reed shoots with high protein and low fiber content. This reedbuck is dependent on water, though green pastures can fulfill its water requirement. The social structure of the bohor reedbuck is highly flexible. Large aggregations are observed during the dry season, when hundreds of bohor reedbuck assemble near a river. Males become sexually mature ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recent" because it has 18% fewer modern marine invertebrates than the Pliocene has. The Miocene is preceded by the Oligocene and is followed by the Pliocene. As Earth went from the Oligocene through the Miocene and into the Pliocene, the climate slowly cooled towards a series of ice ages. The Miocene boundaries are not marked by a single distinct global event but consist rather of regionally defined boundaries between the warmer Oligocene and the cooler Pliocene Epoch. During the Early Miocene, the Arabian Peninsula collided with Eurasia, severing the connection between the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean, and allowing a faunal interchange to occur between Eurasia and Africa, including the dispersal of proboscideans into Eurasia. During the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area.Sayre, April Pulley (1999), ''Africa'', Twenty-First Century Books. . With billion people as of , it accounts for about of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Afr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Grey Rhebok The grey rhebok or gray rhebuck (''Pelea capreolus''), locally known as the ''reebok'' in Afrikaans, is a species of antelope native to South Africa, Lesotho, and Eswatini (Swaziland). The specific name ''capreolus'' is Latin for 'little goat'. Description left, A female at the San Diego Zoo The grey rhebok is a medium-sized antelope weighing with a long neck and narrow ears. The coat is short and dense and coloured in various shades of grey. Only the males carry horns, which are straight, sharp, ringed at the base, and around long. Distribution and habitat Generally confined to the higher areas of Southern Africa, they typically inhabit grassy, montane habitats - for example, sourveld - usually 1000 m above sea level, and carry a woolly grey coat to insulate them from the cold. They are not strictly limited to this habitat as they can be found in the coastal belt of the Cape, almost at sea level. Reproduction and behaviour The grey rhebok is territorial and maintains ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Mountain Reedbuck The mountain reedbuck (''Redunca fulvorufula'') is an antelope found in mountainous areas of much of sub-Saharan Africa. Subspecies There are three recognized subspecies. * ''Redunca fulvorufula adamauae'' - Adamawa mountain reedbuck * ''Redunca fulvorufula chanleri'' - Chanler's mountain reedbuck (named for William A. Chanler) * ''Redunca fulvorufula fulvorufula'' - Southern mountain reedbuck Description The mountain reedbuck averages at the shoulder, and weighs around . It has a grey coat with a white underbelly and reddish-brown head and shoulders. The male has ridged horns of around , which curve forwards. Both sexes have a dark scent patch beneath the ears. Distribution and habitat The mountain reedbuck occurs in three separate geographic areas, each containing a separate subspecies. The southern mountain reedbucks inhabits an area from the eastern Cape Province (South Africa) to southeastern Botswana. Chanler's mountain reedbuck occurs in Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Southern Reedbuck The southern reedbuck, rietbok or common reedbuck (''Redunca arundinum'') is a diurnal antelope typically found in southern Africa. It was first described by Pieter Boddaert, a Dutch physician and naturalist, in 1785. It is placed in the genus '' Redunca'' and family Bovidae. This antelope has an average mass of and a body length of about . Taxonomy and etymology It was first described by Pieter Boddaert, a Dutch physician and naturalist, in 1785. It is placed in the genus '' Redunca'' and family Bovidae. It gets its name from two Latin words: ''reduncas'' (meaning bent backwards and curved, while the horns are bent forwards) and ''arundo'' (harundo) (meaning a reed; hence ''arundinum'', pertaining to reeds). Description The southern reedbuck is larger than the other species in ''Redunca'', namely '' R. redunca'' (Bohor reedbuck) and '' R. fulvorufula'' (mountain reedbuck). It stands at the shoulder. Females weigh , while the males weigh . It has distinctive dark lines r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]