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Recovery Console
The Recovery Console is a feature of the Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 operating systems. It provides the means for administrators to perform a limited range of tasks using a command-line interface. Its primary function is to enable administrators to recover from situations where Windows does not boot as far as presenting its graphical user interface. The recovery console is used to provide a way to access the hard drive in an emergency through the command prompt. The Recovery Console can be started from Windows 2000 / XP / 2003 Setup CD. The Recovery Console can be accessed in two ways, either through the original installation media used to install Windows, or by installing it onto the hard drive and adding it to the NTLDR menu. However, the latter option is much more risky than the former one because it requires that the computer can boot to the point that NTLDR loads, or else the Recovery Console will not work at all. Abilities The Recovery Console has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microsoft
Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational corporation and technology company, technology conglomerate headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Founded in 1975, the company became influential in the History of personal computers#The early 1980s and home computers, rise of personal computers through software like Windows, and the company has since expanded to Internet services, cloud computing, video gaming and other fields. Microsoft is the List of the largest software companies, largest software maker, one of the Trillion-dollar company, most valuable public U.S. companies, and one of the List of most valuable brands, most valuable brands globally. Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by Windows. During the 41 years from 1980 to 2021 Microsoft released 9 versions of MS-DOS with a median frequen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attrib
In computing, ATTRIB is a command in Intel ISIS-II, DOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows and ReactOS that allows the user to change various characteristics, or " attributes" of a computer file or directory. The command is also available in the EFI shell. History Several operating systems provided a set of modifiable file characteristics that could be accessed and changed through a low-level system call. For example, as of release MS-DOS 4.0, the first six bits of the file attribute byte indicated whether or not a file was read-only (as opposed to writeable), hidden, a system file, a volume label, a subdirectory, or if the file had been "archived" (with the bit being set if the file had changed since the last use of the BACKUP command). However, initial releases of the operating system did not provide user-level method for reading or changing these values. The initial version of the ATTRIB command for DOS was first included in version 3.0 of PC DOS, with functionality limited to ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dir (command)
dir, short for ''directory'', is a shell (computing), shell command (computing), command for listing file system contents; computer file, files and file directory, directories. Arguably, the command provides the same essential functionality as the ls command, but typically the two commands are described as notably separate concepts, possibly since is implemented from a codebase that shares more history than many implementations. The command is often implemented as internal in the operating system shell (computing), shell instead of as a separate application as many other commands are. Implementations Although syntax, semantics and implementations vary, a command is available in the command-line interface (CLI) of the operating systems Digital Research CP/M, MP/M, Intel ISIS (operating system), ISIS-II, RMX (operating system), iRMX 86, Cromemco Cromemco DOS, CDOS, MetaComCo TRIPOS, DOS, IBM/Toshiba 4690 Operating System, 4690 OS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, Singularity (op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cd (command)
is a shell command that changes the working directory. It is available in many shells and other applications that maintain a working directory. In some contexts, the command can perform actions other than change directory. Some environments provide the change directory feature via a different command name such as . Implementations Generally, a computer system that provides access to a hierarchical file system, provides a change directory command to set the working directory. As this applies to most operating system shells, most support a change directory command, including Unix and Unix-like (i.e. Linux) shells, and Microsoft shells including Command Prompt and PowerShell. Other operating systems with shells supporting the command include OS/2, TRIPOS, AmigaOS (where the command is implied for an input path), ReactOS, DOSBox, and UEFI. * On MS-DOS, the command is available in version 2 and later * DR DOS 6.0 includes the command as both and * On HP MPE/iX the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shell Builtin
In computing, a shell builtin is a Command (computing), command or a Subroutine, function, exposed by a Shell (computing), shell, that is implemented in the shell itself, instead of an external computer program, program which the shell would load and execute. A shell builtin starts faster than an external program because there is no program loading overhead. However, its implementation code is in the shell program, and thus modifying it requires modifying the shell. Therefore, a shell builtin is usually only used for simple, almost trivial, commands, such as text output. Some commands must be implemented as builtins due to the nature of the operating system. Notably, the cd (command), cd command, which changes the working directory of the shell is often a builtin since a program runs in a separate Process (computing), process and working directory is specific to each process. Running cd as an external program would not affect the working directory of the shell that loaded it. See ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
System Partition And Boot Partition
The system partition and the boot partition (also known as the system volume and the boot volume) are computing terms for disk partitions of a hard disk drive or solid-state drive that must exist and be properly configured for a computer to operate. There are two different definitions for these terms: the common definition and the Microsoft definition. Common definition In context of every operating system, except those developed by Microsoft, the system partition and the boot partition are defined as follows: * The ''boot partition'' is a primary partition that contains the boot loader, a piece of software responsible for booting the operating system. For example, in the standard Linux directory layout (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard), boot files (such as the Linux kernel, kernel, initrd, and boot loader GRUB) are mounted at /boot/. Despite Microsoft's radically different definition (see below), System Information, a utility app included in Windows NT family of operating systems, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chkdsk
In computing, CHKDSK (short for "check disk") is a system software, system tool and command (computing), command in DOS and Microsoft Windows (and related operating systems), as well as Digital Research FlexOS, IBM/Toshiba 4690 Operating System, 4690 OS, IBM OS/2. It verifies the data integrity, integrity of the file system on a Volume (computing), volume (usually a partition (computing), partition) and attempts to fix logical file system errors. Logical errors are typically defined as software-level problems with a filesystem (or its metadata) as a result of prior software malfunction (e.g. crashes) or irregular use (e.g. hard resets). Logical errors are contrasted with and usually less severe than computer hardware, hardware-level errors, which can not be fixed with CHKDSK and may instead require data recovery software or expert assistance. CHKDSK is similar to the fsck command in Unix and similar to Microsoft ScanDisk, which co-existed with CHKDSK in Windows 9x and MS-DOS 6.x. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CD-ROM
A CD-ROM (, compact disc read-only memory) is a type of read-only memory consisting of a pre-pressed optical compact disc that contains computer data storage, data computers can read, but not write or erase. Some CDs, called enhanced CDs, hold both computer data and audio with the latter capable of being played on a CD player, while data (such as software or digital video) is only usable on a computer (such as ISO 9660 format PC CD-ROMs). During the 1990s and early 2000s, CD-ROMs were popularly used to distribute software and data for computers and fifth generation video game consoles. DVDs as well as downloading started to replace CD-ROMs in these roles starting in the early 2000s, and the use of CD-ROMs for commercial software is now rare. History The earliest theoretical work on optical disc storage was done by independent researchers in the United States including David Paul Gregg (1958) and James Russell (inventor), James Russel (1965–1975). In particular, Gregg's paten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Master Boot Record
A master boot record (MBR) is a type of boot sector in the first block of disk partitioning, partitioned computer mass storage devices like fixed disks or removable drives intended for use with IBM PC-compatible systems and beyond. The concept of MBRs was publicly introduced in 1983 with PC DOS 2.0. The MBR holds the information on how the disc's sectors (A.K.A. "blocks") are divided into partitions, each partition notionally containing a file system. The MBR also contains executable code to function as a loader for the installed operating system—usually by passing control over to the loader's second stage, or in conjunction with each partition's volume boot record (VBR). This MBR code is usually referred to as a boot loader. The organization of the partition table in the MBR limits the maximum addressable storage space of a partitioned disk to 2 Tebibyte, TiB . Approaches to slightly raise this limit utilizing 32-bit arithmetic or 4096-byte sectors are not officially s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bootcfg
In computing, bootcfg is a command (computing), command on Microsoft Windows NT-based operating systems which acts as a Wrapper pattern, wrapper for editing the boot.ini file. Overview The command is used to configure, query, or change Boot.ini file settings. A similar command exists in the Recovery Console for repairing or rebuilding boot configuration files. Though NTLDR and boot.ini are no longer used to boot Windows Vista and later versions of Windows NT, they ship with the bootcfg utility regardless. This is to handle boot.ini in the case that a multi-boot configuration with previous versions of Windows exists and needs troubleshooting from within the later operating system. Windows Vista and later versions will warn users who run bootcfg that BCDEdit is the correct command to modify its booting options. Syntax The command-syntax is: bootcfg [arguments...] Parameters *addsw – Add operating system load options *copy – Make a copy of an existing boot entry *dbg1394 – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
