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Raillietina Grobbeni
''Raillietina'' is a genus of tapeworms that includes helminth parasites of vertebrates, mostly of birds. The genus was named in 1920 in honour of a French veterinarian and helminthologist, Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet. Of the 37 species recorded under the genus, ''Raillietina demerariensis'', ''R. asiatica'', and ''R. formsana'' are the only species reported from humans, while the rest are found in birds. '' R. echinobothrida'', '' R. tetragona'', and '' R. cesticillus'' are the most important species in terms of prevalence and pathogenicity among wild and domestic birds. Species Some important species include: *'' Raillietina allomyodes'' *'' Raillietina anatina'' *'' Raillietina apivori'' *'' Raillietina australis'' *'' Raillietina baeri'' *'' Raillietina beveridgei'' *'' Raillietina carneostrobilata'' *'' Raillietina celebensis'' *'' Raillietina cesticillus'' *'' Raillietina chiltoni'' *'' Raillietina clerci'' *'' Raillietina coturnixi'' *'' Raillietina crassula'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raillietina Tetragona
''Raillietina tetragona'' (synonym ''Taenia tetragona'' Molin) is a parasitic tapeworm belonging to the class Cestoda. It is a cosmopolitan helminth of the small intestine of pigeon, chicken and guinea fowl, and is found throughout the world. It is a very typical of cestode with striking resemblance to other species of '' Raillietina''. Its identifying features are, therefore, mainly on the neck and scolex structures. In addition, it is relatively large, and requires ant as intermediate host to complete its life cycle. Description ''Raillietina tetragona'' is the largest among avian tapeworms, measuring up to 30 cm in length and 1–1.5 cm in breadth. It is whitish in colour, highly elongated, dorso-ventrally flattened, and entirely covered with a tegument. The body is divisible into the head region called 'scolex', followed by an unsegmented 'neck', and then by highly segmented body proper called strobila. The strobila is composed of a series of ribbon-like body se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertebrate
Vertebrates () comprise all animal taxa within the subphylum Vertebrata () ( chordates with backbones), including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish. Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 69,963 species described. Vertebrates comprise such groups as the following: * jawless fish, which include hagfish and lampreys * jawed vertebrates, which include: ** cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and ratfish) ** bony vertebrates, which include: *** ray-fins (the majority of living bony fish) *** lobe-fins, which include: **** coelacanths and lungfish **** tetrapods (limbed vertebrates) Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species ''Paedophryne amauensis'', at as little as , to the blue whale, at up to . Vertebrates make up less than five percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns. The vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish, which do no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raillietina Allomyodes
''Raillietina'' is a genus of tapeworms that includes helminth parasites of vertebrates, mostly of birds. The genus was named in 1920 in honour of a French veterinarian and helminthologist, Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet. Of the 37 species recorded under the genus, ''Raillietina demerariensis'', ''R. asiatica'', and ''R. formsana'' are the only species reported from humans, while the rest are found in birds. '' R. echinobothrida'', '' R. tetragona'', and '' R. cesticillus'' are the most important species in terms of prevalence and pathogenicity among wild and domestic birds. Species Some important species include: *'' Raillietina allomyodes'' *'' Raillietina anatina'' *'' Raillietina apivori'' *'' Raillietina australis'' *'' Raillietina baeri'' *'' Raillietina beveridgei'' *'' Raillietina carneostrobilata'' *'' Raillietina celebensis'' *'' Raillietina cesticillus'' *'' Raillietina chiltoni'' *'' Raillietina clerci'' *'' Raillietina coturnixi'' *'' Raillietina crassula'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen ( el, πάθος, "suffering", "passion" and , "producer of") in the oldest and broadest sense, is any organism or agent that can produce disease. A pathogen may also be referred to as an infectious agent, or simply a germ. The term ''pathogen'' came into use in the 1880s. Typically, the term ''pathogen'' is used to describe an ''infectious'' microorganism or agent, such as a virus, bacterium, protozoan, prion, viroid, or fungus. Small animals, such as helminths and insects, can also cause or transmit disease. However, these animals are usually referred to as parasites rather than pathogens. The scientific study of microscopic organisms, including microscopic pathogenic organisms, is called microbiology, while parasitology refers to the scientific study of parasites and the organisms that host them. There are several pathways through which pathogens can invade a host. The principal pathways have different episodic time frames, but soil has the longest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prevalence
In epidemiology, prevalence is the proportion of a particular population found to be affected by a medical condition (typically a disease or a risk factor such as smoking or seatbelt use) at a specific time. It is derived by comparing the number of people found to have the condition with the total number of people studied and is usually expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or the number of cases per 10,000 or 100,000 people. Prevalence is most often used in questionnaire studies. Difference between prevalence and incidence Prevalence is the number of disease cases ''present ''in a particular population at a given time, whereas incidence is the number of new cases that ''develop '' during a specified time period. Prevalence answers "How many people have this disease right now?" or "How many people have had this disease during this time period?". Incidence answers "How many people acquired the disease uring a specified time period". However, mathematically, prevalence is propor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raillietina Cesticillus
''Raillietina cesticillus'' is a parasitic tapeworm of the family Davaineidae. Sometimes called 'broad-headed tapeworm', it infects the small intestine of chicken and occasionally other birds, such as guinea fowl and turkey, which are generally in close proximity to backyard poultry. It is a relatively harmless species among intestinal cestodes in spite of a high prevalence. In fact it probably is the most common parasitic platyhelminth in modern poultry facilities throughout the world. It is readily distinguished from the other species of ''Raillietina''. The body size is small, scolex is disproportionately large and uniquely shaped, rostellum is wide, and it employs beetles as intermediate host to complete its life cycle. Description ''Raillietina cesticillus'' is a small tapeworm measuring about in length, and in width. It is whitish in colour, highly elongated, dorso-ventrally flattened, and entirely covered with a tegument. The body consists of the head region called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raillietina Tetragona
''Raillietina tetragona'' (synonym ''Taenia tetragona'' Molin) is a parasitic tapeworm belonging to the class Cestoda. It is a cosmopolitan helminth of the small intestine of pigeon, chicken and guinea fowl, and is found throughout the world. It is a very typical of cestode with striking resemblance to other species of '' Raillietina''. Its identifying features are, therefore, mainly on the neck and scolex structures. In addition, it is relatively large, and requires ant as intermediate host to complete its life cycle. Description ''Raillietina tetragona'' is the largest among avian tapeworms, measuring up to 30 cm in length and 1–1.5 cm in breadth. It is whitish in colour, highly elongated, dorso-ventrally flattened, and entirely covered with a tegument. The body is divisible into the head region called 'scolex', followed by an unsegmented 'neck', and then by highly segmented body proper called strobila. The strobila is composed of a series of ribbon-like body se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birds
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humans
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, and language. Humans are highly social and tend to live in complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. Social interactions between humans have established a wide variety of values, social norms, and rituals, which bolster human society. Its intelligence and its desire to understand and influence the environment and to explain and manipulate phenomena have motivated humanity's development of science, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other fields of study. Although some scientists equate the term ''humans'' with all members of the genus ''Homo'', in common usage, it generally refers to ''Homo sapiens'', the only extant member. Anatomically ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet
Louis-Joseph Alcide Railliet (also known as Alcide Railliet, born 11 March 1852 at La Neuville-lès-Wasigny in the Ardennes – died 25 December 1930) was a French veterinarian and helminthologist. Professor at the Veterinary School of Alfort, he is considered one of the founders of modern parasitology and wrote several books of veterinary parasitology. He chaired the Société zoologique de France in 1891. He was a member of the French Académie Nationale de Médecine, from 29 December 1896 to his death. He received the Legion of Honor. Tributes Railliet's name is honoured by several genera: '' Raillietia'' (Acari), '' Raillietina'' ( Cestodes), '' Raillietascaris'', '' Raillietnema'' and '' Raillietstrongylus'' (Nematodes), '' Raillietiella'' (Pentastomida), and the Acari family Raillietiidae. Numerous species were named after Railliet, such as ''Amidostomum raillieti, Angiocaulus raillieti, Aspidodera raillieti, Conoweberia raillieti, Eucoleus raillieti, Haemostrongylus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helminthology
Helminthology is the study of parasitic worms (helminths). The field studies the taxonomy of helminths and their effects on their hosts. The origin of the first compound of the word is the Greek '' ἕλμινς'' - helmins, meaning "worm". In the 18th and early 19th century there was wave of publications on helminthology; this period has been described as the science's "Golden Era". During that period the authors Félix Dujardin, William Blaxland Benham, Peter Simon Pallas, Marcus Elieser Bloch, Otto Friedrich Müller, , Biodiversity Heritage Library Johann Goeze, Friedrich Zenker, Charles Wardell Stiles, Carl Asmund Rudolphi, Otto Friedrich Bernhard von Linstow and Johann Gottfried Bremser started systematic scientific studies of the subject. The Japanese parasitologist Satyu Yamaguti was one of the most active helminthologists of the 20th century; he wrote the six-volume ''Systema Helminthum''.Anonymous. 1983. Special edition: A list of papers by Dr. Satyu Yamaguti and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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