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Quraysh
The Quraysh () are an Tribes of Arabia, Arab tribe who controlled Mecca before the rise of Islam. Their members were divided into ten main clans, most notably including the Banu Hashim, into which Islam's founding prophet Muhammad was born. By the seventh century, they had become wealthy merchants, dominating trade between the Indian Ocean, East Africa, and the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean. The tribe ran caravans to Gaza City, Gaza and Damascus in summer and to Yemen (region), Yemen in winter, while also mining and pursuing other enterprises on these routes. When Muhammad Muhammad's first revelation, began preaching Islam in Mecca, the Quraysh initially showed little concern. However, their opposition to his activities quickly grew as he increasingly challenged Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia, Arab polytheism, which was prevalent throughout pre-Islamic Arabia. As relations deteriorated, Muhammad and Early Muslims, his followers migrated to Medina (the journey known as the Hij ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad
Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of Adam in Islam, Adam, Noah in Islam, Noah, Abraham in Islam, Abraham, Moses in Islam, Moses, Jesus in Islam, Jesus, and other Prophets and messengers in Islam, prophets. He is believed to be the Seal of the Prophets in Islam, and along with the Quran, his teachings and Sunnah, normative examples form the basis for Islamic religious belief. Muhammad was born in Mecca to the aristocratic Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh. He was the son of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Amina bint Wahb. His father, Abdullah, the son of tribal leader Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim, died around the time Muhammad was born. His mother Amina died when he was six, leaving Muhammad an orphan. He was raised under the care of his grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, and paternal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banu Abd Shams
Banu Abd Shams () refers to a clan within the Meccan tribe of Quraysh (tribe), Quraysh. Ancestry The clan names itself after Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf, the son of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai and brother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, who was the great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He married Layla bint Asad ibn Abdal-Uzza, she bore four sons, Habib, Rabi'a, Abd Al-Uzza, Umayya and one daughter, Ruqayyah. Banu Rabi'ah Banu Rabi'ah was a branch that only had a few chiefs, they are: 1. Abu Hudhayfa ibn 'Utba, Abu Hudhayfa Qays ibn 'Utba 2. Hind bint Utbah 3. Walid ibn Utbah 4. Utbah ibn Rabi'ah 5. Muhammad ibn Abi Hudhayfa 6. Shaybah ibn Rabi'ah Notable members The following were members. *Uthman, the third Muslim Caliph, son-in-law & close Companion (Sahabi) of Muhammad. Uthman was the direct member of Banu Abd-Shams tribe through ''Banu Umayya'' clan. *Arwa bint Kurayz, mother of caliph Uthman, female Companion & first cousin of Muhammad. *Utbah ibn Rabi'ah, chieftain *A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mecca
Mecca, officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia; it is the Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. It is inland from Jeddah on the Red Sea, in a narrow valley above sea level. Its metropolitan population in 2022 was 2.4million, making it the List of cities in Saudi Arabia by population, third-most populated city in Saudi Arabia after Riyadh and Jeddah. Around 44.5% of the population are Saudis, Saudi citizens and around 55.5% are Muslim world, Muslim foreigners from other countries. Pilgrims more than triple the population number every year during the Pilgrimage#Islam, pilgrimage, observed in the twelfth Islamic calendar, Hijri month of . With over 10.8 million international visitors in 2023, Mecca was one of the ten List of cities by international visitors, most visited cities in the world. Mecca is generally considered "the fountainhead and cradle of Islam". Mecca is revered in Islam as the birthp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religion In Pre-Islamic Arabia
In pre-Islamic Arabia, the dominant religious practice was that of Arab polytheism, which was based on the veneration of various deities and spirits, such as the god Hubal and the goddesses al-Lāt, al-‘Uzzā, and Manāt. Worship was centred around local shrines and temples, most notably including the Kaaba in Mecca. Deities were venerated and invoked through pilgrimages, divination, and ritual sacrifice, among other traditions. Different theories have been proposed regarding the role of "Allah" (a word in Arabic that is now chiefly associated with God in Islam) in the Meccan religion. Many of the physical descriptions of the pre-Islamic gods and goddesses are traced to idols, especially near the Kaaba, which is said to have contained up to 360 of them. Other religions—namely Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism—were also represented in the region. The influence of the Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Aksum enabled the nurturing of Christianity in pre-Islamic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qusai Ibn Kilab
Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah (, ''Qusayy ibn Kilāb ibn Murrah''; ca. 400–480), also spelled Qusayy, Kusayy, Kusai, or Cossai, born Zayd (), was an Ishmaelite descendant of Abraham. Orphaned early on, he would rise to become chief of Mecca, and leader of the Quraysh tribe. He is best known for being an ancestor of the Islamic prophet Muhammad as well as the third and the fourth Rashidun caliphs, Uthman and Ali, and the later Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphs along with several of the most prominent Hashemite dynasties in the orient. Background His father was Kilab ibn Murrah who died when Qusai was an infant. According to Islamic tradition, he was a descendant of Ibrahim (Abraham) through his son Ismail (Ishmael). His elder brother Zuhrah ibn Kilab was the progenitor of the Banu Zuhrah clan. After his father's death his mother Fatimah bint Sa'd ibn Sayl married Rabi'ah ibn Haram from the Bani Azra tribe, who took her with him to Syria, where she gave birth to a son ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kinana
Kinana () is an Arab tribe based around Mecca in the Tihama coastal area and the Hejaz mountains. The Quraysh of Mecca, the tribe of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, was an offshoot of the Kinana. A number of modern-day tribes throughout the Arab world trace their lineage to the tribe. Location The traditional tribal territory of the Kinana extended from the part of the Tihama coastline near Mecca northeastward to the borders of the territory of their tribal relatives, the Banu Asad. History Origins and branches In the Arab genealogical tradition, the eponymous ancestor of the tribe was Kinana, a son of Khuzaymah ibn Mudrikah. The tribe traced its ancestry to Ishmael, who married a woman of the Yemenite Jurhum tribe and settled in the vicinity of Mecca according to Islamic tradition. The Kinana were polytheists, with their worship centering on the goddess al-Uzza. Islamic tradition holds that the Kinana and the other descendants of Ishmael gradually dispersed throughout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banu Hashim
Banu Hashim () is an Arab clan within the Quraysh tribe to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad belonged, named after Muhammad's great-grandfather Hashim ibn Abd Manaf. Members of this clan, and especially their descendants, are also referred to as Hashemites, Hashimites, Hashimids, or Bakara and often carry the surname . These descendants, and especially those tracing their lineage to Muhammad through his daughter Fatima, hold the traditional title of (often synonymous to ). From the 8th century on, Hashimid descent came to be regarded as a mark of nobility, and formed the basis upon which many dynasties legitimized their rule. Some of the most famous Islamic dynasties of Hashimid descent include the Abbasids (ruled from Baghdad 750–945; held the caliphate without exercising power 945–1258 in Baghdad and 1261–1517 in Cairo), the Fatimids (ruled from Cairo and claimed the caliphate 909–1171), the 'Alawi (rulers of Morocco, 1631–present), and the Hashemites (r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banu Taym
Banū Taym (; alternatively transliterated as ''Banu Taim'') was a clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. The first caliph, Abu Bakr, hailed from the Banu Taym, as did another prominent companion of Muhammad, Talha ibn Ubaydallah. Ancestry The tribe descended from Taym ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ay ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr ibn Malik ibn an-Nadr ibn Kinanah. Taym was a member of the ''Quraysh al-Bitah'' (i.e. Qurayshites living near the Kaaba in Mecca), and an uncle of the Qurayshite chief Qusayy ibn Kilab, who was a paternal ancestor of Muhammad. Notable members *Abu Bakr, a senior disciple (''Sahabi'') and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632 to 634 CE, when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death. ** Salma Umm al-Khair (died 632-634) female disciple of Muhammad and mother of Abu Bakr. ** Uthman Abu Quhafa ibn Amir was a notable Muslim and the father of the Caliph Abu Bakr. ** Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Manaf Ibn Qusai
Abd Manaf al-Mughirah ibn Qusai (, ''ʿAbd Manāf al-Mughīrah ibn Quṣayy'') was a Quraysh (tribe), Qurayshi and great-great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. His father was Qusai ibn Kilab, Quṣai ibn Kilāb. Abd Manaf's name, meaning ''worshiper of Manaf'', relates to the pre-Islamic deity Manaf (deity), Manaf. Biography Abd Manaf was already honoured in his father's lifetime however Qusai preferred his first-born Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai, 'Abd ad-Dar and invested him with all his rights, powers, and transferred the ownership of the House of Assembly shortly before his death. Father's death After Quṣayy's death, Abd Manaf contested this inheritance. He was supported by their nephew Asad, their uncle Zuhrah ibn Kilab, their father's uncle Taym ibn Murrah (of Banu Taym), and al-Harith ibn Fihr, while 'Abd ad-Dar was supported by their cousins Makhzum, Sahm, Jumah, their uncle Adi and their families. The effects of this conflict continued among their descendants, es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banu Makhzum
The Banu Makhzum () was one of the wealthy clans of the Quraysh (tribe), Quraysh. They are regarded as being among the three most powerful and influential clans in Mecca before the advent of Islam, the other two being the Banu Hashim (the tribe of the Prophets in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad) and the Banu Umayya. History Pre-Islamic era The Banu Makhzum were a major clan of the larger Quraysh tribal grouping which dominated Mecca.Hinds, p. 137. Though in Arab genealogical tradition, there are some twenty branches descended from the progenitor Umar ibn Makhzum, the line of Al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah, al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum emerged as the principal family of the Banu Makhzum. According to the historian Martin Hinds, the "extent of the power and influence of Makhzum in Mecca during the 6th century A.D. cannot be established with any certainty". Based on the traditional Arabic sources, they formed part of the Ahlaf ("allies") faction of the Quraysh alongside the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asad Ibn Abd Al-Uzza
Asad ibn Abd al-Uzza () was a grandson of Qusai ibn Kilab and the matrilineal great-great-grandfather of the prophet of Islam Muhammad. Biography He was the son of Abd al-Uzza ibn Qusai and the father of Umm Habib bint Asad, who was the mother of Barrah bint Abdul Uzza, who was the mother of Aminah bint Wahb, who was the mother of Muhammad. Family Asad is the eponym ancestor of the Quraysh Banu Asad tribe. He probably had many daughters and sons. But his only known daughter is Umm Habib bint Asad the mother of Barra, who married Wahb of the Quraysh Banu Zuhra tribe whose mother is said to have been named `Atiqa. More importantly, Barra is the mother of Amina bint-Wahb, who is Muhammad`s mother. This means that following Muhammad`s maternal lineage, one finds that Asad is the fourth-generation ascendant of Muhammad. Asad`s only know son is Nawfal bin-Asad although he probably had many other children (daughters and sons). Nawfal's known sons are Waraqa bin-Nawfal and Khuwaylid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fihr Ibn Malik
'Fihr ibn Malik' (, ), is counted among the direct ancestors of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who is considered to be the last prophet. In the lineage of Muhammad from Adnan, he precedes Muhammad by eleven generations. Etymology Some writers stated that his name was also "Qarish" (''hard'', diminutive is "Quraysh"), which fits him being the progenitor of the Quraysh tribe. However most genealogists reject this version. Role in pre-Islamic Arabia Fihr ibn Malik traded with other Arabic tribes and also was in charge for the needs of Arabic pilgrims going on Hajj which is a pilgramige in Islam. Fight against the Himyarites Fihr ibn Malik defended the city of Mecca from the Himyarite Kingdom; the latter intended to take away the stones of the Kaaba and transport them to Yemen so the Hajj would be transported there instead. Fihr led a joint force of Quraysh and warriors from the Arabian tribes of Mudar, Banu Kinana, Banu Asad, Banu Hudhayl and Banu Tamim which repelled th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
