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Quintuple Coalition
The Quintuple Coalition refers to the electoral alliance of five revolutionary groups contesting in the 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election. The groups in coalition had Islamic and Radical politics, radical orientations. After the elections, the coalition sent an open letter to Ruhollah Khomeini and complained about "Electoral fraud, fraud". Parties in coalition The five groups were: * JAMA (Iranian Party), Revolutionary Movement of Muslim People of Iran (JAMA), led by Kazem Sami * People's Mujahedin of Iran, People's Mujahedin Organization (MEK), led by Massoud Rajavi * Movement of Militant Muslims (MMM), led by Habibollah Peyman * The Movement for Liberty, led by Asghar Sayyed Javadi – it was a newly-established and relatively small group that belonged to the Centrism, center * Islamic Organization of Council (SASH), led by Habibollah Ashouri – The group was only briefly active in 1979 Candidates On 18 July 1979, the coalition presented its candidates for al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radical Politics
Radical politics denotes the intent to transform or replace the principles of a society or political system, often through social change, structural change, revolution or radical reform. The process of adopting radical views is termed radicalisation. The word derives from the Latin ("root") and Late Latin ("of or pertaining to the root, radical"). Historically, political use of the term referred exclusively to a form of progressivism, progressive electoral reformism, now known as classical radicalism, that had developed in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. However, the denotation has changed since its 18th century coinage to comprehend the entire political spectrum, though retaining the connotation of "change at the root". History The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' traces usage of 'radical' in a political context to 1783. The ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' records the first political usage of 'radical' as ascribed to Charles James Fox, a Whigs (British political par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centrism
Centrism is a political outlook or position involving acceptance or support of a balance of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy while opposing political changes that would result in a significant shift of society strongly to the left or the right. Both centre-left and centre-right politics involve a general association with centrism that is combined with leaning somewhat to their respective sides of the left–right political spectrum. Various political ideologies, such as Christian democracy, Pancasila, and certain forms of liberalism like social liberalism, can be classified as centrist, as can the Third Way, a modern political movement that attempts to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating for a synthesis of centre-right economic platforms with centre-left social policies. Usage by political parties by country Australia There have been centrists on both sides of politics who serve alongside the various factions within the Liberal and L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly Election In Khorasan
On 3 August 1979, Constitutional Convention election was held in Khorasan Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide seven seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution It resulted in a landslide victory for the Khomeinist candidates in the Coalition of Islamic Parties who swept all seats. They were followed by clerical rivals of Khomeini, including the leader of Hojjatieh, who were endorsed jointly by Hassan Tabatabaei Qomi and Mohammad al-Shirazi. The top four winning contenders were supported by both groupings, indicating that the former list had approximately twice number of supporters in comparison to the latter. The top candidate of the defeated Quintuple Coalition received no better than 5% of all votes cast, suppressing those supported by the Sunni community. Candidates of non-religious groups such as the left-wing Tudeh Party of Iran and the right-wing Nation Party of Iran Party of the Iranian Nation (or Nation Part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly Election In East Azerbaijan
On 3 August 1979, a Constitutional Convention election was held in East Azerbaijan Province (also encompassing the present-day Ardabil Province) with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide all six seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution. The result was a relative victory for the Muslim People's Republic Party (MPRP) over the Islamic Republican Party (IRP). A stronghold of Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari supporters, it was one of the few constituencies where Khomeinist candidates did not end up winning a landslide. Out of the six seats up for the election, four went to those endorsed by the MPRP while the IRP had listed three winners (one candidates was supported by both). Lay candidates supported by groups such as the Freedom Movement of Iran and the Movement of Militant Muslims were defeated. Khomeini published a ''fatwa'' banning the People's Mujahedin of Iran The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (PMOI), also known as Mojahedin-e- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nezameddin Ghahari
Nezameddin Ghahari (also spelled Nezam ad-Din Qahari; fa, نظامالدین قهاری) is an Iranian physician and nationalist-religious politician affiliated with JAMA. Political career In the early 1950s, Ghahari was a friend of Ali Shariati in Mashhad and regularly attended lectures at Center for the Propagation of Islamic Truths. In summer 1951, he joined Iran Party as a result of attraction towards the Movement of God-Worshipping Socialists. Following the Iranian Revolution in 1979, he was included in the list of candidates supported by the Quintuple Coalition for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution The Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution (AFRC; fa, مجلس بررسی نهایی قانون اساسی) also known as the Assembly of Experts for Constitution ( fa, مجلس خبرگان قانون اساسی), was a constituent a ... in the Tehran Province constituency. In May 2010, he supported the trilateral Tehran Nuclear Declar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tahereh Saffarzadeh
Tahereh Saffarzadeh ( fa, طاهره صفارزاده , 1936 in Sirjan, Kerman Province, Iran – October 25, 2008 in Tehran, Iran) was an Iranian poet, writer, translator and prominent university professor. Education She received her BA in English language and literature in 1960. Several years later she left Iran for England and then to the United States. Upon being accepted as a member of International Writing Program, she also enrolled for M. F. A program which is essentially designed so as to enable the writers, the poets, the painters etc., to teach their respective fields of art both in practical workshops and theoretical courses, at university level. For her degree she studied major contemporary world literature with a special focus on practical literary criticism and translation workshops. Works Saffarzadeh published fourteen volumes of poems. She is also the author of ten books on the principles of translation regarding literary, scientific and Qur'anic texts. In reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nasser Katouzian
Nasser Katouzian ( fa, ناصر کاتوزیان) was an Iranian jurist, lawyer and ''emeritus'' at the University of Tehran. Katouzian was regarded a prominent national figure and was a member of the committee in charge of writing a draft for the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, along with Hassan Habibi, Ja'fari-Langeroudi, Nasser Minachi and Ahmad Sayyed Javadi. He then ran for an Assembly of Experts for Constitution seat from Tehran constituency, however he was not elected. Katouzian was purged during Iranian Cultural Revolution The Cultural Revolution (1980–1983; fa, انقلاب فرهنگی: Enqelābe Farhangi) was a period following the Iranian Revolution, when the academia of Iran was purged of Western and non-Islamic influences (including traditionalist unpoli ... and removed from his professorship position. Later, he was invited to assume his own position again. References 1927 births 2014 deaths 20th-century Iranian lawyers Recipients of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdolkarim Lahiji
Abdolkarim Lahidji ( fa, عبدالکریم لاهیجی) is an Iranian lawyer and human rights activist. He was elected as the president of the International Federation for Human Rights in 2013, having previously served as the vice-president from 1998 to 2013, and is the president of the League for the Defense of Human Rights in Iran since 1983. Lahidji is a former Confederation of Iranian Students Confederation of Iranian Students National Union ( fa, کنفدراسیون جهانی محصلین و دانشجویان ایرانی – اتحادیه ملی; ''Konfederāsīūn-e jahānī-e moḥaṣṣelīn wa dānešjūyān-e īrānī ette ... activist and was the student representative in the National Front during 1960s. Electoral history References 1940 births Living people 20th-century Iranian lawyers National Front (Iran) student activists University of Tehran alumni Iranian human rights activists Exiles of the Iranian Revolution in France Members of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ezzatollah Sahabi
Ezzatollah Sahabi (9 May 1930 – 31 May 2011) was an Iranian politician and journalist. He was a parliament member from 1980 to 1984. Early life Sahabi was born on 9 May 1930 in Tehran, Iran. His father, Yadollah Sahabi, was an influential figure in the 1979 Iranian revolution. His brother, Fereydun Sahabi, was the first president of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran and the second in the administration of President of Iran. He studied mechanical engineering at the Faculty of Engineering Tehran University. Political career He was appointed as a member of Council of Islamic Revolution by Ruhollah Khomeini on 12 February 1979. Mehdi Bazargan, then Prime Minister of Iran, named Sahabi as Head of National Budget Center. He was elected as a member of Parliament in election of 1980. In later years Sahabi was managing editor of the journal '' Iran-e Farda'' (''The Iran of Tomorrow''), which was banned by the Islamic government, and participated in the 2000 'Iran After the Ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Golzadeh Ghafouri
Ali Golzadeh Ghafouri (14 May 1923 – 1 January 2010) ( fa, علی گلزاده غفوری) was an Iranian Shia cleric and religious progressive politician. Political career He ran as an independent candidate in the 1979 Iranian Constitutional Convention election. He criticized the conventional notions of private property by the establishment and enjoyed support by the People's Mujahedin of Iran, along with Mahmoud Taleghani. He was among the members of the post-revolutionary constituent assembly opposing to inclusion of Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist in the constitution. In 1980, he was elected to the parliament, and was considered sympathetic to the Freedom Movement of Iran and the parliamentary opposition to the ruling Islamic Republican Party. He left politics in 1981 and died in January 2010. Electoral history Personal life All three his children and his son-in-law were members of the People's Mujahedin of Iran The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahmoud Taleghani
Sayyid Mahmoud Alaee Taleghani ( fa, محمود طالقانی, , also Romanized as Seyed Mahmūd Tāleqānī; 5 March 1911 – 9 September 1979) was an Iranian theologian, Muslim reformer, democracy advocate and a senior Shi'a Islamic Scholar and thinker of Iran. Taleghani was a contemporary of the Iranian Revolutionary leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and a leader in his own right of the movement against Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. A founding member of the Freedom Movement of Iran, he has been described as a representative of the tendency of many "Shia clerics to blend Shia with Marxist ideals in order to compete with leftist movements for youthful supporters" during the 1960s and 1970s. His "greatest influence" has been said to have been in "his teaching of Quranic exegesis," as many later revolutionaries were his students.Bakhash, Shaul, ''Reign of the Ayatollahs'' (1984), p. 168 He was notably Tehran's first Friday Prayer Imam after the Iranian Revolution. Biography an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979 Iranian Constitutional Assembly Election In Tehran
On 3 August 1979, Constitutional Convention election was held in Tehran Province constituency with plurality-at-large voting format in order to decide ten seats for the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution It resulted in a landslide victory or the Coalition of Islamic Parties, which all of its candidates won with a wide margin. Unlike other constituencies, the coalition's list of candidates was not dominated by the Khomeinists in the Islamic Republican Party and included four of their moderate rivals. Mahmoud Taleghani, the popular cleric who was endorsed by groups in a wide range of political spectrum, was ranked first and gained almost 80% of votes. Other coalitions including the Quintuple Coalition and the Grand National Alliance were defeated and none of their candidates, exempting those shared with the Islamic coalition, performed well. The former's top exclusive candidates, Asghar Sayyed Javadi and Massoud Rajavi, received no better than 12% of all votes cast. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
