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Quichean Languages
The (Greater) Quichean languages are a branch of the Mayan family of Guatemala. Languages *Qichean proper ** Kaqchikel (Cakchiquel) ** Tzʼutujil **Quiche–Achi: Kʼicheʼ (Quiché), Achiʼ *Qʼeqchiʼ (Kekchi) *Pokom: Poqomam, Poqomchiʼ * Uspantek * Sakapultek * Sipakapense See Mayan languages#Eastern branch for details. See also *Classical Kʼicheʼ Classical Kʼicheʼ was an ancestral form of today's Kʼicheʼ language (''Quiché'' in the older Spanish-based orthography), which was spoken in the highland regions of Guatemala around the time of the 16th-century Spanish conquest of Guatemala. Cl ... References Mayan languages {{na-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area in southern North America and most of Central America. It extends from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica. Within this region pre-Columbian societies flourished for more than 3,000 years before the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Mesoamerica was the site of two of the most profound historical transformations in world history: primary urban generation, and the formation of New World cultures out of the long encounters among indigenous, European, African and Asian cultures. In the 16th century, Eurasian diseases such as smallpox and measles, which were endemic among the colonists but new to North America, caused the deaths of upwards of 90% of the indigenous people, resulting in great losses to their societies and cultures. Mesoamerica is one of the five areas in the world where ancient civilization arose independently (see cradle of civ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mayan Languages
The Mayan languagesIn linguistics, it is conventional to use ''Mayan'' when referring to the languages, or an aspect of a language. In other academic fields, ''Maya'' is the preferred usage, serving as both a singular and plural noun, and as the adjectival form. form a language family spoken in Mesoamerica, both in the south of Mexico and northern Central America. Mayan languages are spoken by at least 6 million Maya people, primarily in Guatemala, Mexico, Belize, El Salvador and Honduras. In 1996, Guatemala formally recognized 21 Mayan languages by name,Achiʼ is counted as a variant of Kʼicheʼ by the Guatemalan government. and Mexico recognizes eight within its territory. The Mayan language family is one of the best-documented and most studied in the Americas. Modern Mayan languages descend from the Proto-Mayan language, thought to have been spoken at least 5,000 years ago; it has been partially reconstructed using the comparative method. The proto-Mayan language diver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaqchikel Language
The Kaqchikel language (in modern orthography; formerly also spelled Cakchiquel or Cachiquel) is an indigenous Mesoamerican language and a member of the Quichean–Mamean branch of the Mayan languages family. It is spoken by the indigenous Kaqchikel people in central Guatemala. It is closely related to the Kʼicheʼ (Quiché) and Tzʼutujil languages. Kaqchikel is taught in public schools through Guatemala's intercultural bilingual education programs. History Before conquest Kaqchikel is spoken by the indigenous Maya in Central Guatemala. The Mayan civilization dates back to the Pre-classic period (2000 BC to 300 AD). Geographically, the Maya expanded from Mexico, Belize and Guatemala. This changed between 900 AD and when the Spanish arrived. Their settlement moved west and into the highlands of Guatemala. Archaeological evidence shows suggestions of Kaqchikel living in Iximcheʼ, which today is located near Tecpan, Guatemala. After conquest In 1523, the Spania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tzʼutujil Language
Tzʼutujil is a Mayan language spoken by the Tzʼutujil people in the region to the south of Lake Atitlán in Guatemala. Tzʼutujil is closely related to its larger neighbors, Kaqchikel and Kʼicheʼ. The 2002 census found 60,000 people speak Tzʼutujil as their mother tongue. The two Tzʼutijil dialects are Eastern and Western. The majority of the Tzʼutujil people have Spanish as their second language, although many of the older people, or those in more remote locations do not. Many children also do not learn Spanish until they go to school around the age of five although more importance is now being placed upon it due to the influx of tourism into the region. As of 2012, the Community Library Rijaʼtzuul Naʼooj in San Juan La Laguna features story telling for children in Tzʼutujil; bilingual children's books are also available. Spanish is used in written communication. Phonology In the charts below each of the Tzʼutujil phonemes is represented by the character or set o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kʼicheʼ Language
Kʼicheʼ (, also known as among its speakers), or Quiché (), is a Mayan language of Guatemala, spoken by the Kʼicheʼ people of the central highlands. With over a million speakers (some 7% of Guatemala's population), Kʼicheʼ is the second most widely-spoken language in the country, after Spanish. It is also the most widely-spoken indigenous American language in Mesoamerica. The Central dialect is the most commonly used in media and education. Despite a low literacy rate, Kʼicheʼ is increasingly taught in schools and used on the radio. The most famous work in the Classical Kʼicheʼ language is the ''Popol Vuh'' (''Popol Wuʼuj'' in modern spelling). Dialects Kaufman (1970) divides the Kʼicheʼ complex into the following five dialects, with the representative municipalities given as well (quoted in Par Sapón 2000:17): ;East *Joyabaj *Zacualpa *Cubulco *Rabinal *San Miguel Chicaj ;West *Nahualá *Santa Clara La Laguna *Santa Lucía Utatlán *Aldea Argueta, Sololá * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achi Language
Achi (''Achí'' in Spanish) is a Mayan language very closely related to Kʼicheʼ (''Quiché'' in the older orthography). It is spoken by the Achi people, primarily in the department of Baja Verapaz in Guatemala. There are two Achi dialects. Rabinal Achi is spoken in the Rabinal area, and Cubulco Achi is spoken in the Cubulco area west of Rabinal. One of the masterpieces of precolumbian literature is the Rabinal Achí, a theatrical play written in the Achi language. Phonology Consonants * Voiceless plosives can have aspirated allophones , either when preceding a consonant or in word-final position. * A pharyngeal fricative sound can be heard before vowels or in word-initial or intervocalic environments preceding vowels. * A uvular consonant can also be heard as velar in some environments. when preceding a velar consonant can be heard as a velar nasal . * Sonorants when preceding a voiceless consonant or in word-final position can occur sounding voiceless . Vowels ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qʼeqchiʼ Language
The Qʼeqchiʼ language, also spelled Kekchi, Kʼekchiʼ, or Kekchí, is one of the Mayan languages, spoken within Qʼeqchiʼ communities in Guatemala and Belize. Distribution The area where Qʼeqchiʼ is spoken spreads across northern Guatemala into southern Belize. There are also some Qʼeqchiʼ speaking communities in Mexico. It was calculated that the core of the Qʼeqchiʼ-speaking area in northern Guatemala extends over 24,662 square kilometers (about 9,522 square miles). The departments and specific municipalities where Qʼeqchiʼ is regularly spoken in Guatemala include: In the country of Belize, Qʼeqchiʼ is spoken in the Toledo District. Qʼeqchiʼ is the first language of many communities in the district, and the majority of Maya in Toledo speak it. Terrence Kaufman described Qʼeqchiʼ as having two principal dialect groups: the eastern and the western. The eastern group includes the varieties spoken in the municipalities of Lanquín, Chahal, Chahabón and Senah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poqomam Language
Poqomam is a Mayan language, closely related to Poqomchiʼ. It is spoken by 50,000 or so people in several small pockets in Guatemala, the largest of which is in Jalapa department. Distribution Poqomam is spoken in the following municipalities of Escuintla, Jalapa, and Guatemala departments (''Variación Dialectal en Poqom, 2000''). *Guatemala **Chinautla **Mixco *Jalapa **San Luis Jilotepeque **San Pedro Pinula **San Carlos Alzatate *Escuintla ** Palín Linguistic Format In the journal Natural Language & Linguistic Theory it is noted that if subjects are realized as negative indefinite pronouns, they may also trigger agent focus. The Mayan languages differ with respect to the degree of how obligation for agent focus. In this case Poqomam's agent focus is optional in all relevant contexts. *An Example of Negative Indefinite Pronouns: Translations These are every day greetings from Poqomam, which is one of the Mayan languages of Guatemala. The translations are provided by th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poqomchiʼ Language
Poqomchiʼ (Pokomchi: ''Poqomchiiʼ'') is a Mayan language spoken by the Poqomchiʼ people, Poqomchiʼ Maya peoples, Maya of Guatemala, and is very closely related to Poqomam language, Poqomam. Its two main dialects, eastern and western, were spoken by 90,000 or so people in the year 2000, in Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, and in the following municipalities of Alta Verapaz: Santa Cruz Verapaz, San Cristóbal Verapaz, Tactic (municipality), Tactic, Tamahú and Tucurú. It is also the predominant language in the municipality of Chicamán (El Quiché), which borders Alta Verapaz. Distribution Poqomam is spoken in the following municipalities of Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, and El Quiché departments (''Variación Dialectal en Poqom, 2000''). *Alta Verapaz **Panzós (in the community of San Vicente II) **La Tinta **Tucurú **Tamahú **Tactic **Santa Cruz Verapaz **San Cristóbal Verapaz *El Quiché **Chicamán (in the aldea of Belejú) *Baja Verapaz **Purulhá (in the community of Ribalcó) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uspantek Language
The Uspanteko (Uspanteco, Uspanteko, Uspantec) is a Mayan language of Guatemala, closely related to Kʼicheʼ. It is spoken in the Uspantán and Playa Grande Ixcán ''municipios'', in the Department . It is also one of only three Mayan languages to have developed contrastive tone (the others being [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakapultek Language
Sakapultek or Sacapulteco is a Mayan language very closely related to Kʼicheʼ language, Kʼicheʼ (Quiché). It is spoken by approximately 15,000 people in Sacapulas, Quiché Department, El Quiché department and in Guatemala City.The official 2002 census mentions a lower figure of 6.973 Sakapulteko speakers. See References External links The John William Dubois Collection Of Sacapultec Sound Recordingsat the Survey of California and Other Indian LanguagesCollections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America Agglutinative languages Mayan languages Indigenous languages of Central America Mesoamerican languages Languages of Guatemala {{IndigenousAmerican-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sipakapense Language
Sipakapense is a Mayan language, closely related to Kʼicheʼ spoken natively within indigenous Sipakapense communities in Western Guatemala. It is primarily based in the municipality of Sipacapa Sipacapa is a municipality in the San Marcos department, situated in the Western highlands of Guatemala. Sipacapa's population of around 14,000 is spread among 14 village communities, scattered over mountainous terrain. Sipacapa is considered a l ... in the department of San Marcos. References Agglutinative languages Languages of Guatemala Mayan languages Indigenous languages of Central America Mesoamerican languages {{indigenousAmerican-lang-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
