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Qibya Massacre
The Qibya massacre occurred during "Operation Shoshana", a reprisal operation that occurred in October 1953 when Israeli troops under Ariel Sharon attacked the village of Qibya in the West Bank. At least sixty-nine Palestinian villagers were killed, two-thirds of them women and children. Forty-five houses, a school, and a mosque were destroyed.Benny Morris, ''Israel's Border Wars, 1949–1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation and the Countdown to the Suez War'', Oxford University Press, 1993, pp. 258–9. The attack followed cross-border raids from the Jordanian-occupied West Bank and Israeli reprisals, particularly the attack on Qibya, were a response to the Yehud attack in which an Israeli woman and her two children were killed in their home. The act was condemned by the U.S. State Department, the UN Security Council, and by Jewish communities worldwide. The State Department described the raid as "shocking", and used the occasion to confirm publicly that economic aid t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestinian Fedayeen Insurgency
The Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency refers to the armed cross-border conflict, which peaked between 1949 and 1956, involving Israel and Palestinians, Palestinian militants, mainly based in the Gaza Strip, under the nominal control, of the All-Palestine Protectorate a Palestinian client-state of Egypt declared in October 1948, which became the focal point of the Palestinian fedayeen activity. The conflict was parallel to the Palestinian return to Israel, Palestinian infiltration phenomenon. Hundreds were killed in the course of the conflict, which declined after the 1956 Suez War. Emerging from among the Palestinian refugees who fled or were expelled from their villages as a result of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War,Almog, 2003, p. 20. in the mid-1950s the fedayeen began mounting cross-border operations into Israel from Syria, Egypt and Jordan. The earliest infiltrations were often made in order to access the lands and agricultural products, which Palestinians had lost as a result of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixed Armistice Commissions
The Mixed Armistice Commissions (MAC) is an organisation for monitoring the ceasefire along the lines set by the General Armistice Agreements. It was composed of United Nations Military Observers and was part of the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization peacekeeping force in the Middle East. The MAC comprised on four sections to monitor each of the four truce agreements, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan/Israel MAC, the Israel/Syrian MAC, the Israel/Lebanon MAC and the Egypt/Israel MAC. The various MACs were located on the cease fire lines and, through close liaison with headquarters in Jerusalem, were charged with supervising the truce, investigating border incidents, and taking remedial action to prevent the recurrence of such incidents. Background From the Arab Israeli conflict the United Nations inaugurated the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO), this became the premier UN peacekeeping organization in the Middle East. It was clearly given a bi-fold mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirat Yehuda
Tirat Yehuda ( he, טִירַת יְהוּדָה, ''lit.'' Judah's Castle) is a moshav in central Israel. Located near Yehud and Ben Gurion International Airport, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Modi'in Regional Council. In it had a population of . History During the 18th and 19th centuries, Tirat Yehuda was the site of the village of al-Tira (Tirat Dandan). It belonged to the Nahiyeh (sub-district) of Lod that encompassed the area of the present-day city of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut in the south to the present-day city of El'ad in the north, and from the foothills in the east, through the Lod Valley to the outskirts of Jaffa in the west. This area was home to thousands of inhabitants in about 20 villages, who had at their disposal tens of thousands of hectares of prime agricultural land. The moshav was established in 1949 by Jewish immigrants from Hungary. Initially, it was located northeast of its present site, in the area which is today Bareket, before moving to its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beit Nabala
Bayt Nabala or Beit Nabala was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict in Palestine that was destroyed during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The village was in the territory allotted to the Arab state under the 1947 UN Partition Plan. Its population in 1945, before the war, was 2,310. It was occupied by Israeli forces on May 13, 1948 and was completely destroyed by them on September 13, 1948. Village refugees were scattered around Deir 'Ammar, Ramallah city, Bayt Tillow, Rantis, and Jalazone refugee camps north of Ramallah. Some of the clans that lived in Bayt Nabala include the AlHeet, Nakhleh, Safi, AL-Sharaqa, al-Khateeb, Saleh and Zaid families. Today the area is part of the Israeli town of Beit Nehemia. History In the 1596 tax record, Bayt Nabala was part of the Ottoman Empire, ''nahiya'' (subdistrict) of Ramla under the Liwa of Gaza, with a population of 54 Muslim households, an estimated 297 people. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on a number of crops, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beit Arif
Beit Arif ( he, בֵּית עָרִיף, ''lit.'' House of Cloud) is a moshav in central Israel. Located near Shoham, it falls under the jurisdiction of Hevel Modi'in Regional Council. In it had a population of . History During the 18th and 19th centuries, Beit Arif was the site of the village of Dayr Tarif. It belonged to the Nahiyeh (sub-district) of Lod that encompassed the area of the present-day city of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut in the south to the present-day city of El'ad in the north, and from the foothills in the east, through the Lod Valley to the outskirts of Jaffa in the west. This area was home to thousands of inhabitants in about 20 villages, who had at their disposal tens of thousands of hectares of prime agricultural land. The moshav was founded in 1949 by immigrants from Bulgaria on the ruins of the depopulated Palestinian village of Dayr Tarif (the Romans referred to Dayr Tarif as Bethariph). It was originally named Ahlama ( he, אחלמה) (Exodus 28:19), after o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fedayeen
Fedayeen ( ar, فِدائيّين ''fidāʼīyīn'' "self-sacrificers") is an Arabic term used to refer to various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign. Etymology The term ''fedayi'' is derived from Arabic: ''fidā'īyūn'' , literally meaning: "those who sacrifice themselves". Per country Armenia Armenian fedayi groups acted as irregular militia troops to defend their lands during the Hamidian massacres and the CUP's genocidal policies. Egypt During the 1940s, groups of Egyptian civilians formed ''fedayeen'' groups to contest the British occupation of Egypt, which by then was limited to the region against the Suez Canal. The British Army had established numerous military outposts around the canal zone, which many Egyptians viewed as a violation of their national sovereignty. This opposition was not supported by the Egyptian government, though these ''fedayeen'' groups held broad support among the general public in Egypt. In 1951 "mobs o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surif
Surif ( ar, صوريف) is a Palestinian City in the Hebron Governorate located 25 km northwest of the city of Hebron. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics census, Surif had a population of 17,650 in 2016. The population is entirely Muslim. Most of the town's 15,000 dunams is used for agriculture, in particular, olives, wheat and barley. There are seven mosques and four schools located in its vicinity. Ahmad Lafi is the mayor. History In 1838 Surif was noted as a Muslim village, located between Hebron and Gaza, but subjected to the government of Hebron. In 1863 Victor Guérin found Surif to be a village with 700 inhabitants. He further noted that beside a ''birket'' in the rock, a few cisterns and an ancient column shaft which was placed near a small mosque, all of Surif's constructions seemed more or less modern. An official Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed 87 houses and a population of 265, counting men only. In 1883, the PEF's '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idhna
An internationalized domain name (IDN) is an Internet domain name that contains at least one label displayed in Application software, software applications, in whole or in part, in non-latin script or alphabet, such as Arabic, Bengali language, Bengali, Chinese character, Chinese (Mandarin Chinese, Mandarin, Simplified Chinese characters, simplified or Traditional Chinese characters, traditional), Cyrillic alphabet, Cyrillic (including Bulgarian language, Bulgarian, Russian language, Russian, Serbian_language, Serbian and Ukrainian language, Ukrainian), Devanagari, Greek alphabet, Greek, Hebrew language, Hebrew, Hindi, Tamil language, Tamil or Thai language, Thai or in the Latin alphabet-based characters with diacritics or Typographic ligature, ligatures, such as French language, French, German language, German, Italian language, Italian, Polish language, Polish, Portuguese language, Portuguese or Spanish language, Spanish. These writing systems are encoded by computers in Variabl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wadi Fukin
Wadi Fukin ( ar, وادي فوقين) is a Palestinian village in the West Bank, eight kilometers southwest of Bethlehem in the Bethlehem Governorate. The village, is located on 700 acres of land, between the Green Line and the Israeli West Bank barrier,Settlement expansion and loss of Wadi Fukin's land Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem. 2005-05-23 According to the , Wadi Fukin had a population of over 1,168 in 2007.200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qatanna
Qatanna ( ar, قطنّه) is a Palestinian town in the central West Bank part of the Jerusalem Governorate, located 12 km. northwest of Jerusalem. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of approximately 7,500 inhabitants in 2006. Primary health care for the town is level 2. Geography and land Qatanna has an elevation of 650 meters above sea level. Nearby towns and villages include Biddu to the east and Beit Liqya to the north. In 1883, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described it as a "small village in a deep, narrow, rocky valley, surrounded by fine groves of olives and vegetable gardens." In 1896 the population of ''Katanne'' was estimated to be about 351 persons. British Mandate era In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Qatanneh had a population 633, all Muslims.Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 15/ref> In the 1931 census it was counted with Nitaf, tog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khirbet Al-Deir
Khirbet al-Deir ( ar, خربة الدير), or Khirbet ed-Deir, is a Palestinian village located southwest of Bethlehem, and northwest of Hebron. The town is in the Hebron Governorate of central West Bank. According to the 2007 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) Census, the village had a population of 264 people. History Late Ottoman period: the village The village was built at the site of an old monastery in the early 18th century, by residents who broke away from Surif. British Mandate period At the time of the 1931 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the population of ''Kh. ed Dair'' was counted under Dura.Mills (1932), p31 Jordanian period After the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the area was under Jordanian rule. The Jordanian census of 1961 found 133 inhabitants in ''Kh rbetDeir''. 1967-present Since the Six-Day War in 1967, the town has been under Israeli occupation. The only institution in the village is the Village Council. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qalqiliya
Qalqilya or Qalqiliya ( ar, قلقيلية, Qalqīlyaḧ) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank which serves as the administrative center of the Qalqilya Governorate of the State of Palestine. In the 2007 census, the city had a population of 41,739. Qalqilya is surrounded by the Israeli West Bank wall, with a narrow gap in the east controlled by the Israeli military and a tunnel to the Palestinian town of Hableh. Qalqilya is under the administration of the Palestinian National Authority (as part of Area A), while remaining under Israeli military occupation. Oranges are a major part of the city's economy. Etymology Qalqilya was known as ''Calecailes'' in the Roman period, and ''Calcelie'' in the Frankish sources from the early Medieval times. The word "Qalqilya" might be derived from a Canaanite term which means "rounded stones or hills".According to E.H. Palmer, the name came from "a type of pomegranate", or "gurgling of water".Palmer, 1881, p183/ref> History The vicinity of Qalq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
