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Pyrenula Musaespora
''Pyrenula musaespora'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Pyrenulaceae. Found in Brazil, this species is characterised by its pale ochraceous thallus and its (thread-like) ascospores, which are 3–5- septate, meaning they are divided into several sections. The ascospores measure 30–37 μm by 3–4 μm. The type specimen of ''Pyrenula musaespora'' was collected from Mata do Crasto in Santa Luzia do Itanhy, Sergipe, Brazil, at an elevation of approximately . The thallus is thin, pale ochraceous, and surrounded by a black (a border around the thallus) about 0.5 mm wide. It lacks pseudocyphellae (tiny pores on the surface). The ascomata (fruiting bodies) are conical, 0.4–0.65 mm in diameter, and appear on the surface of the bark. They are mostly covered by the thallus, which reveals the black ascomata in an irregular area around the ostiole (the opening). The walls of the ascomata are completely (blackened), a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Aptroot
André Aptroot (Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. In 1993 he did his PhD at the University of Utrecht under the supervision of Robbert Gradstein (nl). His dissertation was titled "Systematic studies on pyrenocarpous lichens and related fungi". He specializes in fungi and lichens on which he has several hundreds of publications to his name. He has worked as curator at Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (now Westerdijk Institute). Aptroot is the founder of the Consultancy for Bryology and Lichenology, which is located in Soest where there is a herbarium with a collection of lichens mainly from the Netherlands and the tropics. From 2008 he has been collection manager at Pinetum Blijdenstein (nl) in Hilversum. He is a member of the International Association for Lichenology and the American Bryological and Lichenological Society. He is a visiting professor at the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul in Campo Grande, Brazil. Because of Aptroot's bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnidia
A pycnidium (plural pycnidia) is an asexual fruiting body produced by mitosporic fungi, for instance in the order Sphaeropsidales ( Deuteromycota, Coelomycetes) or order Pleosporales (Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes). It is often spherical or inversely pearshaped ( obpyriform) and its internal cavity is lined with conidiophores. When ripe, an opening generally appears at the top, through which the pycnidiospore {{Short pages monitor [Baidu] |
Lichens Of Northeast Brazil
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Lichens Described In 2014
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not plants. They may have tiny, leafless branches ( fruticose); flat leaf-like structures ( foliose); grow crust ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichen Species
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
List Of Pyrenula Species
The genus '' Pyrenula'' consists of crustose lichens that usually grow on smooth, shaded bark. About 750 taxa have been named in the genus, although the majority of these names have been excluded from the genus as they have been transferred to other genera, or are considered synonyms. In his world key to the ''Pyrenula'' species, published in 2012, André Aptroot accepted 169 species, including 7 not yet formally described. , Species Fungorum accepts 168 species of ''Pyrenula''. A *'' Pyrenula abditicarpa'' – Brazil *'' Pyrenula acutispora'' *'' Pyrenula adacta'' *'' Pyrenula aggregataspistea'' – South America *'' Pyrenula albonigra'' – Brazil *'' Pyrenula andina'' *'' Pyrenula annulata'' *'' Pyrenula anomala'' *'' Pyrenula arthoniotheca'' – India *'' Pyrenula asahinae'' – Japan *'' Pyrenula aspistea'' *'' Pyrenula astroidea'' *'' Pyrenula aurantiacorubra'' – Brazil *'' Pyrenula aurantioinspersa'' – South America *'' Pyrenula aurantiopileata'' – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenula Melanophthalma
''Pyrenula'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pyrenulaceae The Pyrenulaceae are a family of fungi in the order Pyrenulales. The family was first named by German botanist Gottlob Ludwig Rabenhorst in 1870. Species in the family have a widespread distribution, but are especially prevalent in the tropics, wh .... The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 200 species. See also * List of ''Pyrenula'' species References Eurotiomycetes genera Lichen genera Taxa named by Erik Acharius Taxa described in 1814 {{Eurotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrenula
''Pyrenula'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pyrenulaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to ... regions, and contains about 200 species. See also * List of ''Pyrenula'' species References Eurotiomycetes genera Lichen genera Taxa named by Erik Acharius Taxa described in 1814 {{Eurotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atlantic Forest
The Atlantic Forest ( pt, Mata Atlântica) is a South American forest that extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the northeast to Rio Grande do Sul state in the south and inland as far as Paraguay and the Misiones Province of Argentina, where the region is known as Selva Misionera. The Atlantic Forest has ecoregions within the following biome categories: seasonal moist and dry broad-leaf tropical forests, tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands, and mangrove forests. The Atlantic Forest is characterized by a high biodiversity and endemism. It was the first environment that the Portuguese colonists encountered over 500 years ago, when it was thought to have had an area of , and stretching an unknown distance inland, making it, back then, the second largest rainforest on the planet, only behind the Amazon rainforest. Over 85% of the original area has been deforested, threatening many plant and animal species with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thin-layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of an inert substrate such as glass, plastic, or aluminium foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, usually silica gel, aluminium oxide (alumina), or cellulose. This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase. After the sample has been applied on the plate, a solvent or solvent mixture (known as the mobile phase) is drawn up the plate via capillary action. Because different analytes ascend the TLC plate at different rates, separation is achieved. It may be performed on the analytical scale as a means of monitoring the progress of a reaction, or on the preparative scale to purify small amounts of a compound. TLC is an analytical tool widely used because of its simplicity, relative low cost, high sensitivity, and speed of separation. TLC functions on the same principle as all chromatography: a com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xanthone
Xanthone is an organic compound with the molecular formula O[C6H4]2CO. It is a white solid. In 1939, xanthone was introduced as an insecticide and it currently finds uses as Insecticide, ovicide for codling moth eggs and as a larvicide. Xanthone is also used in the preparation of xanthydrol, which is used in the determination of urea levels in the blood. It can also be used as a photocatalyst. Synthesis Xanthone can be prepared by the heating of phenyl salicylate: Six methods have been reported for synthesizing xanthone derivatives: *The Michael-Kostanecki method uses an equimolar mix of a polyphenol and an ''O''-hydroxybenzoic acid, which are heated with a dehydration reaction, dehydrating agent. *The Friedel–Crafts reaction, Friedel-Crafts method has a benzophenone intermediate. *The Robinson-Nishikawa method is a variant of the Hoesch reaction, Hoesch synthesis but with low yields. *The Asahina-Tanase method synthesizes some methoxylated xanthones, and xanthones with a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichexanthone
Lichexanthone is an organic compound in the structural class of chemicals known as xanthones. Lichexanthone was first isolated and identified by Japanese chemists from a species of leafy lichen in the 1940s. The compound is known to occur in many lichens, and it is important in the taxonomy of species in several genera, such as ''Pertusaria'' and ''Pyxine''. More than a dozen lichen species have a variation of the word lichexanthone incorporated as part of their binomial name. The presence of lichexanthone in lichens causes them to fluoresce a greenish-yellow colour under long-wavelength UV light; this feature is used to help identify some species. Lichexanthone is also found in several plants (many are from the families Annonaceae and Rutaceae), and some species of fungi that do not form lichens. In lichens, the biosynthesis of lichexanthone occurs through a set of enzymatic reactions that start with the molecule acetyl-CoA and sequentially add successive units, forming a longe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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