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Pustaha
Pustaha ( Toba Batak: ᯇᯮᯘ᯲ᯖᯂ) is the magic book of the Toba Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The book contains magical formulas, divinations, recipes, and laws. The pustaha is written and compiled by a Batak magician-priest (datu). Etymology The name ''pustaha'' is borrowed from the Sanskrit word ''pustaka'' (Sanskrit पुस्तक) meaning "book" or "manuscript". This indicates an earlier influence of Hinduism on the culture of Batak Toba. Form and material Physically, a pustaha consists of two hardcovers (''lampak'') and pages made of softened tree bark (''laklak'') for the writings. The hardcover is usually carved with motifs of an ilik, a gecko which represents the deity Boraspati ni Tano, a beneficial earth deity of the Toba Batak people. The pages are made of the bark of the ''alim'' tree or the agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis). The bark is softened in rice water, folded and secured between the two hardcovers. Alim tree can be found growing in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Great Pustaha
The Great Pustaha (Dutch: ''de Grote Pustaha'') is a pustaha (Batak magic book) displayed in the Tropenmuseum of Amsterdam. The name refers to the largest pustaha which was kept in the museum. The official name for the pustaha is simply "pustaha", but for the purpose of distinction, the pustaha is called the Great Pustaha. The Great Pustaha is among the 150 pustahas kept in the Tropenmuseum. Written by nine generations of datu, the pustaha is among the oldest pustaha in the world. It is also the largest pustaha in the world, reaching the height of 42 centimeters if seated. The Great Pustaha has been on display at the museum almost permanently from the very beginning. In 1923, before Tropenmuseum was officially opened, visitors could come and see the Anniversary Exhibition for Queen Wilhelmina's 25 years of reign in 1923. While most of the museum was still under construction, objects were displayed on tables in the museum galleries, including the Great Pustaha. Form If closed, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Great Pustaha
The Great Pustaha (Dutch: ''de Grote Pustaha'') is a pustaha (Batak magic book) displayed in the Tropenmuseum of Amsterdam. The name refers to the largest pustaha which was kept in the museum. The official name for the pustaha is simply "pustaha", but for the purpose of distinction, the pustaha is called the Great Pustaha. The Great Pustaha is among the 150 pustahas kept in the Tropenmuseum. Written by nine generations of datu, the pustaha is among the oldest pustaha in the world. It is also the largest pustaha in the world, reaching the height of 42 centimeters if seated. The Great Pustaha has been on display at the museum almost permanently from the very beginning. In 1923, before Tropenmuseum was officially opened, visitors could come and see the Anniversary Exhibition for Queen Wilhelmina's 25 years of reign in 1923. While most of the museum was still under construction, objects were displayed on tables in the museum galleries, including the Great Pustaha. Form If closed, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boraspati Ni Tano
Boraspati ni Tano or Boraspati, also known as Ilik, is the earth deity in Batak mythology. Boraspati ni Tano is represented as a tokay gecko. Images of Boraspati (or Beraspati in Karo culture) can be found decorating the door of a Batak Karo and Batak Toba buildings as well as other Batak objects e.g. the cover of the pustaha or the pupuk container naga morsarang. Mythology Boraspati ni Tano is the Earth deity in Batak mythology representing fertility, wealth and the underworld. The name Boraspati ni Tano is borrowed from Sanskrit Brihaspati, a Hindu astrological representation of Jupiter and the day of the week Thursday. Boraspati ni Tano is one of the most important personification of natural forces of Batak's cosmology, together with Boru Saniang Naga (water deity). While Boraspati ni Tano is a male god of the earth and the underworld, Boru Saniang Naga is a serpentine female water deity who personified the storm, the sea, the spring water and other weather elements that are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Porhalaan
The Porhalaan is the traditional calendar of the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The Batak Calendar is a lunisolar calendar consisting of 12 months divided to 30 days with an occasional leap month. The Batak calendar is derived from Hindu calendar. The Batak people do not use the porhalaan as a mean to tell time, but rather to determine auspicious day, which is only used by the Batak shaman. Ritual The name porhalaan came from the word ''hala'', which is derived from Sanskrit ''kala'', "scorpion". The porhalaan is used by the Batak people for divination. Batak people did not use the porhalaan for telling time. The responsibility of interpreting the porhalaan fell solely to the chief male ritualist known as the datu. The datu would read the porhalaan to determine which day is considered auspicious or inauspicious to hold a certain ritual. In order to minimize the risk of accidentally selecting an unfavorable day due to errors in calendar management, days are often chosen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Magic
White magic has traditionally referred to the use of supernatural powers or magic for selfless purposes. Practitioners of white magic have been given titles such as wise men or women, healers, white witches or wizards. Many of these people claimed to have the ability to do such things because of knowledge or power that was passed on to them through hereditary lines, or by some event later in their lives. White magic was practiced through healing, blessing, charms, incantations, prayers, and songs. White magic is the benevolent counterpart of malicious black magic. History Early origins In his 1978 book, ''A History of White Magic'', recognised occult author Gareth Knight traces the origins of white magic to early adaptations of paleolithic religion and early religious history in general, including the polytheistic traditions of Ancient Egypt and the later monotheistic ideas of Judaism and early Christianity. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Library Of Indonesia
The National Library of Indonesia ( id, Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, Perpusnas) is the legal deposit library of Indonesia. It is located at Gambir, on the south side of Merdeka Square, Jakarta. It serves primarily as a humanities library alongside several others holding national responsibilities for science and agriculture. The national library was established in 1980 through a decree of the Ministry of Education and Culture and the consolidation of four different libraries. It maintains the status of a non-departmental government institution and is responsible to the President of Indonesia. The earliest collections originated from the library of the National Museum, opened in 1868 and formerly operated by the Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences. The previous library building was opened in 1988 with financial support from Tien Suharto. The new tall building is claimed to be the tallest library building in the world. It was inaugurated by Indonesian preside ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bremen
Bremen (Low German also: ''Breem'' or ''Bräm''), officially the City Municipality of Bremen (german: Stadtgemeinde Bremen, ), is the capital of the German state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (''Freie Hansestadt Bremen''), a two-city-state consisting of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven. With about 570,000 inhabitants, the Hanseatic city is the 11th largest city of Germany and the second largest city in Northern Germany after Hamburg. Bremen is the largest city on the River Weser, the longest river flowing entirely in Germany, lying some upstream from its mouth into the North Sea, and is surrounded by the state of Lower Saxony. A commercial and industrial city, Bremen is, together with Oldenburg and Bremerhaven, part of the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region, with 2.5 million people. Bremen is contiguous with the Lower Saxon towns of Delmenhorst, Stuhr, Achim, Weyhe, Schwanewede and Lilienthal. There is an exclave of Bremen in Bremerhaven, the "Citybremian Overseas Port ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Übersee-Museum Bremen
The Overseas Museum in Bremen (german: Übersee Museum Bremen) is a Natural History and ethnographic museum in northern Germany. In an integrated exhibition of Nature, Culture and Trading, the museum presents aspects of overseas regions with permanent exhibitions relating to Asia, South Pacific/Oceania, Americas and Africa. The building is protected by the monument protection act. History In 1875, the collections of the Bremen Natural History Society became the property of the city of Bremen. Directors * 1887 to 1933 Hugo Schauinsland, zoologist * 1933 to 1945 Carl Friedrich Roewer (1881–1963), zoologist * 1950 to 1962 Helmuth O. Wagner (1897–1977), ornithologist * 1962 to 1971 Hermann Friedrich (1906–1997), biologist * 1971 to 1975 Herbert Abel (1911–1994), * 1975 to 1992 Herbert Ganslmayr (1937–1991), ethnologist Ethnology (from the grc-gre, ἔθνος, meaning 'nation') is an academic field that compares and analyzes the characteristics of different p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beloit, Wisconsin
Beloit is a city in Rock County, Wisconsin, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 36,657 people. History Twelve men in Colebrook, New Hampshire, created the "New England Emigrating Company" in October 1836 and sent Horace White to find a suitable region of Wisconsin in which to settle. The level fields and the water power of Turtle Creek and "unlimited gravel" in the area around what is now Beloit fixed the site of the village and farms. White purchased the land. At the same time as the Colebrook settlers, six families from Bedford, New Hampshire, arrived and settled in the region. They said the Rock River Valley had a "New England look" that made them feel at home. The village was platted in 1838 and was planned with wide streets, building on the New England model. Beloit was originally named New Albany (after Albany, Vermont) in 1837 by its founder, Caleb Blodgett. The name was changed to Beloit in 1838.Callary, Edward. 2009. ''Place Names of Ill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logan Museum Of Anthropology
Logan Museum of Anthropology is a museum of Beloit College, located in Beloit, Wisconsin, United States. It was founded in 1894 by Beloit trustee and patron of the arts Frank Granger Logan and contains about 300,000 archaeological and ethnological objects from around the world. Its collections and exhibitions relate to indigenous cultures of the Western Hemisphere, Oceania, and other parts of the world, including European and North African Paleolithic cultures.A. H. Whiteford, 1956. "The Museum in the School." ''American Anthropologist'' 58:352-356. The Logan Museum was accredited by the American Alliance of Museums American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, pe ... in 1972 and again in 2007. References External linksOfficial website [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
