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Pseudoboletus Parasiticus
''Pseudoboletus parasiticus'', previously known as ''Boletus parasiticus'' and ''Xerocomus parasiticus'', and commonly known as the parasitic bolete, is a rare Boletaceae mushroom found on earthballs ('' Scleroderma citrinum''). ''Pseudoboletus parasiticus'' is one of the earliest-diverging lineages of the Boletaceae, after the clade comprising ''Chalciporus'' and ''Buchwaldoboletus ''Buchwaldoboletus'' is a genus of bolete fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Albert Pilát in 1969. According to a 2011 survey of the genus, ''Buchwaldoboletus'' contains about a dozen species that are saprotroph ...''. Description The cap is hemispherical when young, later flat, yellowish brown or darker and up to 5 cm in diameter. The flesh is pale yellow and the spores are olive. The stem is pale yellow to olive. While edible, it is of poor quality. See also * List of ''Boletus'' species * List of North American boletes References Further reading * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fungi
A fungus ( : fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. These organisms are classified as a kingdom, separately from the other eukaryotic kingdoms, which by one traditional classification include Plantae, Animalia, Protozoa, and Chromista. A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. Fungi, like animals, are heterotrophs; they acquire their food by absorbing dissolved molecules, typically by secreting digestive enzymes into their environment. Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water. Fungi are the principal decomposers in ecological systems. These and other differences place fungi in a single group of related organisms, named the ''Eumycota'' (''t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota () is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi. Members are known as basidiomycetes. More specifically, Basidiomycota includes these groups: mushrooms, puffballs, stinkhorns, bracket fungi, other polypores, jelly fungi, boletes, chanterelles, earth stars, smuts, bunts, rusts, mirror yeasts, and ''Cryptococcus'', the human pathogenic yeast. Basidiomycota are filamentous fungi composed of hyphae (except for basidiomycota-yeast) and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized club-shaped end cells called basidia that normally bear external meiospores (usually four). These specialized spores are called basidiospores. However, some Basidiomycota are obligate asexual reproducers. Basidiomycota that reproduce asexually (discussed below) can typically be recognized as members of this division by gross similarity to others, by the form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agaricomycetes
The Agaricomycetes are a class of fungi in the division Basidiomycota. The taxon is roughly identical to that defined for the Homobasidiomycetes (alternatively called holobasidiomycetes) by Hibbett & Thorn, with the inclusion of Auriculariales and Sebacinales. It includes not only mushroom-forming fungi, but also most species placed in the deprecated taxa Gasteromycetes and Homobasidiomycetes. Within the subdivision Agaricomycotina, which already excludes the smut and rust fungi, the Agaricomycetes can be further defined by the exclusion of the classes Tremellomycetes and Dacrymycetes, which are generally considered to be jelly fungi. However, a few former "jelly fungi", such as ''Auricularia'', are classified in the Agaricomycetes. According to a 2008 estimate, Agaricomycetes include 17 orders, 100 families, 1147 genera, and about 21000 species. Modern molecular phylogenetic analyses have been since used to help define several new orders in the Agaricomycetes: Amylocorticiales ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletales
The Boletales are an order of Agaricomycetes containing over 1300 species with a diverse array of fruiting body types. The boletes are the best known members of this group, and until recently, the Boletales were thought to only contain boletes. The Boletales are now known to contain distinct groups of agarics, puffballs, and other fruiting-body types. Taxonomy The order Boletales originally was created to describe boletes, but based on micromorphological and molecular phylogenetic characteristics, a large number of nonbolete species have recently been reclassified to belong to this group, as well. The order also includes some gilled mushrooms, in the families Gomphidiaceae, Serpulaceae, Tapinellaceae, Hygrophoropsidaceae, and Paxillaceae, which often have the same flesh texture as the boletes, spore-bearing tissue which is also easily separable from the cap, and similar microscopic characteristics of spores and cystidia. Taxonomic studies using secondary metabolites and later ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boletaceae
The Boletaceae are a family of mushroom-forming fungi, primarily characterised by small pores on the spore-bearing hymenial surface (at the underside of the mushroom), instead of gills as are found in most agarics. Nearly as widely distributed as the agarics, the family is renowned for hosting some prime edible species highly sought after by mushroom hunters worldwide, such as the cep or king bolete (''Boletus edulis''). A number of rare or threatened species are also present in the family, that have become the focus of increasing conservation concerns. As a whole, the typical members of the family are commonly known as boletes. Boletes are a group of mushrooms reasonably safe for human consumption, as none of them are known to be deadly to adults. Edible bolete species are especially suitable for novice collectors, since they pose little danger of being confused with deadly poisonous mushrooms, such as deadly ''Amanita'' species which bear gills instead of pores in their hym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudoboletus
''Pseudoboletus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae. The genus contains two species found in north temperate areas that grow in a parasitic association with species of '' Scleroderma'' and ''Pisolithus ''Pisolithus'' is a genus of fungi within the family Sclerodermataceae (suborder Sclerodermatineae). The type species, ''P. arenarius'', is now known to be synonymous with ''P. arhizus''. Species As accepted by Species Fungorum; *'' Pi ...''. Species , Index Fungorum lists the following species in ''Pseudoboletus'': References Boletaceae Boletales genera {{Boletales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard
Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard (also Pierre Bulliard; 24 November 1752, in Aubepierre-sur-Aube Haute-Marne – 26 September 1793, in Paris) was a French physician and botanist. Bulliard studied in Langres, where he became interested in natural history, and afterwards a position was obtained for him in the abbey in Ville-sous-la-Ferté, Clairvaux and later he moved to Paris where he study medicine. There he also practiced as a physician. He tutored the son of General :fr:Claude Dupin, Claude Dupin (1686-1769). He was an able draughtsman and also learnt to engrave. He invented a way of printing natural history plates in colour and used the method in his own publications. In 1779 he commenced a work on the poisonous plants of France. It was seized by the police on the grounds that it was a dangerous work. Bulliard's ''Dictionnaire Elémentaire de Botanique'' (1783) contributed to the spreading and consolidation of botanical terminology and the Linnaean taxonomy, Linné ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scleroderma Citrinum
''Scleroderma citrinum'', commonly known as the common earthball, pigskin poison puffball, or common earth ball, is the most common species of earthball in the UK and occurs widely in woods, heathland and in short grass from autumn to winter. ''Scleroderma citrinum'' has two synonyms, ''Scleroderma aurantium'' (Vaill.) and ''Scleroderma vulgare'' Horn. Earthballs are superficially similar to, and considered look-alikes of, the edible puffball (particularly '' Apioperdon pyriforme''), but whereas the puffball has a single opening on top through which the spores are dispersed, the earthball just breaks up to release the spores. Moreover, ''Scleroderma citrinum'' has much firmer flesh and a dark gleba (interior) much earlier in development than puffballs. ''Scleroderma citrinum'' has no stem but is attached to the soil by mycelial cords. The peridium, or outer wall, is thick and firm, usually ochre yellow externally with irregular warts. The earthball may be parasitized by '' Pseud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalciporus
''Chalciporus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae (suborder (biology), suborder Boletineae). There are approximately 25 species in the genus. French mycologist Frédéric Bataille erected the genus in 1908, though it did not gain general acceptance for several decades and was often classified as a section (''Piperati'') of the genus ''Suillus'' or related to the genus ''Pulveroboletus''. The type species is ''Chalciporus piperatus''. Rolf Singer resurrected the genus in 1973, separating the species from the genus ''Suillus'' on the basis of distinct pigments. The name is derived from the Ancient Greek ''khalkos'' "copper", and translates as "copper pores". The genus ''Chalciporus'', together with the genus ''Buchwaldoboletus'' form a group of fungi that is an early offshoot in the Boletaceae. Many members of the group appear to be parasitism, parasitic. Wu and Yang proposed that this clade be called the subfamily Chalciporoideae. The genus ''Rubinoboletus'' was merged i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buchwaldoboletus
''Buchwaldoboletus'' is a genus of bolete fungi in the family Boletaceae. It was circumscribed by mycologist Albert Pilát in 1969. According to a 2011 survey of the genus, ''Buchwaldoboletus'' contains about a dozen species that are saprotrophic and lignicolous. The genus name of ''Buchwaldoboletus'' is in honour of Niels Fabritius Buchwald (1898 - 1986), a Danish botanist and Professor of Phytopathology at a Agriculture College in Copenhagen. It was established by Albert Pilát in 1969'','' moving ''Pulveroboletus lignicola'' to position of the ''Buchwaldoboletus'' type species on account of its occurrence on wood (rather than in the ground), decurrent and arcuate pores, the yellow mycelium at the base of the stipe, the blueing flesh and lack of hyphal clamps. Genera Buchwaldoboletus and ''Chalciporus ''Chalciporus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Boletaceae (suborder (biology), suborder Boletineae). There are approximately 25 species in the genus. French mycologist F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Boletus Species
The following is an incomplete list of species of the mushroom genus ''Boletus''. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 300 species. However, the genus is polyphyletic, and approximately only 10 percent of the described species are actually members of the Boletus ''sensu stricto'' clade (Singer's ''Boletus'' section ''Boletus'', also known as the "Porcini Clade"). Species *'' Boletus abruptibulbus'' (Florida Panhandle, United States) *''Boletus aereus'' - ''ontto beltza'', ''porcino nero'', queen bolete, bronzy bolete, ''bronzos vargánya'' *'' Boletus albisulphureus'' - chalky-white bolete *'' Boletus albobrunnescens'' – Thailand *'' Boletus alutaceus'' *'' Boletus amyloideus'' *'' Boletus atkinsonii'' *''Boletus aurantiosplendens'' *'' Boletus aureissimus'' *'' Boletus aureomycelinus'' *'' Boletus aureus'' *''Boletus auripes'' *''Boletus austroedulis'' – Australia *''Boletus bainiugan'' - China *''Boletus bannaensis'' (Japan) *''Boletus barragens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
