|
Protomonas Extorquens (biovar 3)
Methylobacterium radiotolerans is a radiation-tolerating Gram-negative bacterium.. It has been shown that it can use lanthanide as a cofactor to increase its methanol dehydrogenase activity See also * Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum * Methylorubrum extorquens ''Methylorubrum extorquens'' is a Gram-negative bacterium. ''Methylorubrum'' species often appear pink, and are classified as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, or PPFMs. The wild type has been known to use both methane and multiple carb ... References External links ''Methylobacterium radiotolerans''NCBIType strain of ''Methylobacterium radiotolerans'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Hyphomicrobiales Bacteria described in 1983 {{Hyphomicrobiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacteria
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudomonadota
Pseudomonadota (synonym Proteobacteria) is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of phyla in 2021 remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier names of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as ''Escherichia'', '' Salmonella'', ''Vibrio'', ''Yersinia'', ''Legionella'', and many others.Slonczewski JL, Foster JW, Foster E. Microbiology: An Evolving Science 5th Ed. WW Norton & Company; 2020. Others are free-living (nonparasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation. Carl Woese established this grouping in 1987, calling it informally the "purple bacteria and their relatives". Because of the great diversity of forms found in this group, it was later informally named Proteobacteria, after Proteus, a Greek god of the sea capable of assuming many different shapes (not after the Proteobacteria genus ''Proteus''). In 2021 the Internat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphaproteobacteria
Alphaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria). The Magnetococcales and Mariprofundales are considered basal or sister to the Alphaproteobacteria. The Alphaproteobacteria are highly diverse and possess few commonalities, but nevertheless share a common ancestor. Like all ''Proteobacteria'', its members are gram-negative and some of its intracellular parasitic members lack peptidoglycan and are consequently gram variable. Characteristics The Alphaproteobacteria are a diverse taxon and comprises several phototrophic genera, several genera metabolising C1-compounds (''e.g.'', ''Methylobacterium'' spp.), symbionts of plants (''e.g.'', ''Rhizobium'' spp.), endosymbionts of arthropods (''Wolbachia'') and intracellular pathogens (''e.g. Rickettsia''). Moreover, the class is sister to the protomitochondrion, the bacterium that was engulfed by the eukaryotic ancestor and gave rise to the mitochondria, which are organelles in eukaryotic ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyphomicrobiales
The ''Hyphomicrobiales'' are an order of Gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria. The rhizobia, which fix nitrogen and are symbiotic with plant roots, appear in several different families. The four families ''Nitrobacteraceae'', ''Hyphomicrobiaceae'', '' Phyllobacteriaceae'', and ''Rhizobiaceae'' contain at least several genera of nitrogen-fixing, legume-nodulating, microsymbiotic bacteria. Examples are the genera ''Bradyrhizobium'' and ''Rhizobium''. Species of the ''Methylocystaceae'' are methanotrophs; they use methanol (CH3OH) or methane (CH4) as their sole energy and carbon sources. Other important genera are the human pathogens ''Bartonella'' and ''Brucella'', as well as ''Agrobacterium'' (useful in genetic engineering). Taxonomy Accepted families * ''Aestuariivirgaceae'' Li ''et al''. 2019 * '' Afifellaceae'' Hördt ''et al''. 2020 * '' Ahrensiaceae'' Hördt ''et al''. 2020 * ''Alsobacteraceae'' Sun ''et al''. 2018 * ''Amorphaceae'' Hördt ''et al''. 2020 * ''Ancalomicrobia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylobacteriaceae
The Methylobacteriaceae are a family of Hyphomicrobiales The ''Hyphomicrobiales'' are an order of Gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria. The rhizobia, which fix nitrogen and are symbiotic with plant roots, appear in several different families. The four families ''Nitrobacteraceae'', ''Hyphomicrobiaceae' .... References Hyphomicrobiales {{Hyphomicrobiales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylobacterium
''Methylobacterium'' is a genus of Hyphomicrobiales.Garrity, George M.; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T. (eds.) (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Volume Two: The Proteobacteria, Part C: The Alpha-, Beta-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria. New York, New York: Springer. . As well as its normal habitats in soil and water, ''Methylobacterium'' has also been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets. In March 2021, a new species, named ''Methylobacterium ajmalii'',LPSN List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) is an online database that maintains information on the naming and taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomica ...Species ''Methylobacterium ajmalii'' Bijlani ''et al''. 2021 associated with three new strains, designated IF7SW-B2T, IIF1SW-B5, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gram-negative
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. They are characterized by their cell envelopes, which are composed of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane and a bacterial outer membrane. Gram-negative bacteria are found in virtually all environments on Earth that support life. The gram-negative bacteria include the model organism ''Escherichia coli'', as well as many pathogenic bacteria, such as ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', ''Chlamydia trachomatis'', and ''Yersinia pestis''. They are a significant medical challenge as their outer membrane protects them from many antibiotics (including penicillin), detergents that would normally damage the inner cell membrane, and lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system. Additionally, the outer leaflet of this membrane comprises a complex lipo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterium
Bacteria (; singular: bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria are vital in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationshi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methanol Dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a methanol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: :methanol \rightleftharpoons formaldehyde + 2 electrons + 2H+ How the electrons are captured and transported depends upon the kind of methanol dehydrogenase and there are two main types. A common electron acceptor in biological systems is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and some enzymes use a related molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+). An NAD+-dependent methanol dehydrogenase() was first reported in a Gram-positive methylotroph and is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :methanol + NAD+ \rightleftharpoons formaldehyde + NADH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are methanol and NAD+, whereas its 3 products are formaldehyde, NADH, and H+. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the CH-OH group of donor with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is methano ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylacidiphilum Fumariolicum
''Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum '' is an autotrophic bacterium first described in 2007 growing on volcanic pools near Naples, Italy. It grows in mud at temperatures between 50 °C and 60 °C and an acidic pH of 2–5. It is able to oxidize methane gas. It uses ammonium, nitrate or atmospheric nitrogen as a nitrogen source and fixes carbon dioxide. Due to the presence of a lanthanide dependent methanol dehydrogenase enzyme, its growth is strictly dependent on the abundance of rare-earth metals. No biotic interactions between ''M. fumariolicum'' and other organisms are known, probably due to the extreme environment the bacteria needs in order to grow. Biology Genome The genome of ''M. fumariolicum'' is 2.36 Mbp in size with a GC-content of 40.9% and 2,283 protein encoding genes. Metabolism Energy is obtained by methane oxidation to methanol and by the enzyme methanol dehydrogenase which is strictly dependent on the use of rare-earth metals as cofactors. It g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Methylorubrum Extorquens
''Methylorubrum extorquens'' is a Gram-negative bacterium. ''Methylorubrum'' species often appear pink, and are classified as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, or PPFMs. The wild type has been known to use both methane and multiple carbon compounds as energy sources. Specifically, ''M. extorquens'' has been observed to use primarily methanol anC1 compoundsas substrates in their energy cycles. It has been also observed that use lanthanides as a cofactor to increase its methanol dehydrogenase activity Genetic structure After isolation from soil, ''M. extorquens'' was found to have a single chromosome measuring 5.71- Mb. The bacterium itself contains 70 genes over eight regions of the chromosome that are used for its metabolism of methanol. Within a section of the chromosome, of ''M. extorquens'' AM1 are twxoxFgenes that enable it to grow in methanol. ''M. extorquens'' AM1 genome encodes a 47.5 kb gene of unknown function. This gene encodes an over 15,000 residue-long po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
