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Postage Stamps And Postal History Of Tuscany
Between 1851 and 1860, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, an independent Italian state until 1859 when it joined the United Provinces of Central Italy, produced two postage stamp issues which are among the most prized classic stamp issues of the world, and include the most valuable Italian stamp. Tuscany's modern history The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was an independent Italian state from 1569 to 1859, but was occupied by France from 1808 to 1814. The Duchy comprised most of the present area of Tuscany, and its capital was Florence. In December 1859, the Grand Duchy officially ceased to exist, being joined to the Duchies of Modena and Parma to form the United Provinces of Central Italy, which was annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia a few months later in March 1860. In 1862 it became part of the Kingdom of Italy. Pre stamp letters Tuscany's mail service may be traced to private letter services operating between 1300 and 1400. In 1704, Grand Duke Gian Gastone de' Medici issued a decree conv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Tuscany
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany ( it, Granducato di Toscana; la, Magnus Ducatus Etruriae) was an Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Republic of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence. In the 19th century the population of the Grand Duchy was about 1,815,000 inhabitants. Having brought nearly all Tuscany under his control after conquering the Republic of Siena, Cosimo I de' Medici, was elevated by a papal bull of Pope Pius V to Grand Duke of Tuscany on August 27, 1569. The Grand Duchy was ruled by the House of Medici until the extinction of its senior branch in 1737. While not as internationally renowned as the old republic, the grand duchy thrived under the Medici and it bore witness to unprecedented economic and military success under Cosimo I and his sons, until the reign of Ferdinando II, which saw the beginning of the state's long economic decline. It peaked under Cosimo III. Francis Stephen of Lorraine, a cognatic de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mackay
Mackay may refer to: *Clan Mackay, the Scottish clan from which the surname "MacKay" derives Mackay may also refer to: Places Australia * Mackay Region, a local government area ** Mackay, Queensland, a city in the above region *** Mackay Airport, in the above city *** Mackay railway station ** Electoral district of Mackay, Queensland, Australia Canada * Fort MacKay, Alberta * MacKay, Alberta * A. Murray MacKay Bridge, in Halifax, Nova Scotia United States * Mackay, Idaho, a city in Custer County People and fictional characters * Aeneas James George Mackay (1839–1911), a Scottish lawyer and historical writer * Charles Mackay (1814–1889), Scottish poet * Derek Mackay (born 1977), SNP politician * George Robert Aberigh-Mackay (1848–1881), Anglo-Indian writer * Shena Mackay (born 1944), Scottish author * McKay as surname (list of people) * McKay (given name) Other *Mackay Trophy, named in honour of Clarence Mackay, awarded annually by the US Air Force for the "Most Merito ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typography
Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing ( leading), and letter-spacing (tracking), as well as adjusting the space between pairs of letters (kerning). The term ''typography'' is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as an ornamental and decorative device, unrelated to the communication of information. Typography is the work of typesetters (also known as compositors), typographers, graphic designers, art directors, manga artists, comic book artists, and, now, anyone who arranges words, letters, numbers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scott Catalogue
The Scott catalogue of postage stamps, published by Scott Publishing Company, now a subsidiary of Amos Media, is updated annually and lists all the stamps of the world that its editors recognize as issued for postal purposes. It is published in fourteen large volumes (as of 2021) that include twelve volumes containing all the countries of the world that have ever issued postage stamps, the ''United States Specialized Catalog'', and the ''1840–1940 Classic Specialized Catalogue'' (covering the world for the first 100 years that stamps were issued). It is also produced in non-printable CD and DVD editions. The numbering system used by Scott to identify stamps is dominant among stamp collectors in the United States, Canada and Mexico. Background The first Scott catalogue was a 21-page pamphlet with the title ''Descriptive Catalogue of American and Foreign Postage Stamps, Issued from 1840 to Date, Splendidly Illustrated with Colored Engravings and Containing the Current Value ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quattrino
The quattrino is an ancient Italian currency denomination largely used in Central Italy, especially in Tuscany and Rome. Its name derives from the Latin ''quater denari'', because its value was equal to four ''denari''. Consequently, its value was one third of a soldo. It disappeared after the unification of Italy in 1861, when the Italian lira was introduced as an equivalent of the french franc.{{dubious, date=October 2011 File:Quattrino Macerata.jpg File:1603-quattrino-milanese.jpg File:Ferrara-Stemma - Quattrino del 1381.jpg See also * Lira * Soldo The soldo was an Italian medieval silver coin, issued for the first time in the late 12th century at Milan by Emperor Henry VI. The name derives from the late Roman coin ''solidus''. It quickly became widespread in Italy, where it was coined ... * Denier Currencies of Italy Coins of Italy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crazie
The crazia, plural (from the german: Kreuzer),Treccani: ''Crazia'', Giuseppe Castellani (Enciclopedia Italiana) was an alloy coin with a value of 5 quattrini issued from the reign of , first Grand Duke of Tuscany (1537 - 1574), onwards. It was imitated by the Duchy of Urbino, the |
Soldi
"Soldi" (; ) is a song recorded by Italian singer Mahmood. It was released on 6 February 2019, as the fifth single from his debut studio album, ''Gioventù bruciata'' (2019). Mahmood co-wrote the song with Dario "Dardust" Faini and Charlie Charles, who also produced it. Mahmood performed the song for the first time at the 69th Sanremo Musical Festival in February 2019 and won the competition, receiving the right to represent Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019. "Soldi" was later confirmed as his Eurovision entry, eventually reaching second place in the final. The song is predominantly in Italian, with one line in Arabic, making it the fourth time that a Eurovision song features the Arabic language after entries by in , in and in . "Soldi" topped the charts in Greece, Israel, Italy and Lithuania and reached the top 10 in five more countries. The song became the most-streamed Eurovision song ever on Spotify, a record held until late January 2021 when it was surpassed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estelle M
Estelle may refer to: People * Estelle (given name), a female given name, including a list of people * Estelle (surname), a list of people * Estelle (musician), British singer/rapper Estelle Fanta Swaray (born 1980) * Princess Estelle, Duchess of Östergötland Fictional characters * Estelle Blofis, a character in ''Trials of Apollo'' by Rick Riordan * Estelle Bright, a main character in the video game '' The Legend of Heroes: Trails in the Sky'' * Estelle Costanza, on the TV series ''Seinfeld'' * Estelle Leonard, a recurring character in the ''Friends'' TV series * Estelle Green, in Diana Wynne Jones' fantasy novel ''Witch Week'' * Estellise Sidos Heurassein, a main character in the video game ''Tales of Vesperia'' * Estelle, in Jean-Paul Sartre's ''No Exit'' Places * Estelle (Arrigas), a hamlet in France * Estelle, a hamlet in France, part of the commune of Saint-Jory, Haute-Garonne * Estelle, Georgia, United States, an unincorporated community * Estelle, Louisiana, Unit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piazza Della Signoria
Piazza della Signoria () is a w-shaped square in front of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy. It was named after the Palazzo della Signoria, also called Palazzo Vecchio. It is the main point of the origin and history of the Florentine Republic and still maintains its reputation as the political focus of the city. It is the meeting place of Florentines as well as the numerous tourists, located near Palazzo Vecchio and Piazza del Duomo and gateway to Uffizi Gallery. Buildings The impressive 14th-century Palazzo Vecchio is still preeminent with its crenellated tower. The square is also shared with the Loggia della Signoria, the Uffizi Gallery, the Palace of the Tribunale della Mercanzia (1359) (now the Bureau of Agriculture), and the Palazzo Uguccioni (1550, with a facade attributed to Raphael, who however died thirty years before its construction). Located in front of the Palazzo Vecchio is the Palace of the Assicurazioni Generali (1871, built in Renaissance style). Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V ( la, Martinus V; it, Martino V; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Otto (or Oddone) Colonna, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 11 November 1417 to his death in February 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism of 1378–1417. He is the last pope to date to take on the pontifical name "Martin". Biography Oddone Colonna was born at Genazzano, the son of Agapito Colonna and Caterina Conti, between 26 January and 20 February, 1369. He belonged to one of the oldest and most distinguished families of Rome. His brother Giordano became Prince of Salerno and Duke of Venosa, while his sister Paola was Lady of Piombino between 1441 and 1445. Oddone studied law at the University of Pavia. He became apostolic protonotary under Pope Urban VI (1378–1389), and was created Cardinal-Deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro by Pope Innocent VII in 1405. In 1409 he took part in the Council of Pisa, and was one of the su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marzocco
The ''Marzocco'' is the heraldic lion that is a symbol of Florence, and was apparently the first piece of public secular sculpture commissioned by the Republic of Florence, in the late 14th century. The lion stood at the heart of the city in the Piazza della Signoria at the end of the platform attached to the Palazzo Vecchio called the ''ringhiera'', from which speakers traditionally harangued the crowd. This is now lost, having weathered with time to an unrecognizable mass of stone. The best known rendition is by Donatello, made in 1418–20. Donatello’s ''Marzocco'' was placed in the Piazza della Signoria in 1812, but in 1885 it was moved to the Bargello, having been replaced by the copy we see to this day. The term ''Marzocco''; unfathomable to some scholars, by many accounts denotes from the Latin word or Mars, the Roman god of war. The first Marzocco The original that had stood since (perhaps) 1377, and is now lost, appears to have been similar to Donatello' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donatello
Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi ( – 13 December 1466), better known as Donatello ( ), was a Republic of Florence, Florentine sculptor of the Renaissance period. Born in Republic of Florence, Florence, he studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance style in sculpture. He spent time in other cities, and while there he worked on commissions and taught others; his periods in Rome, Padua, and Siena introduced to other parts of Italy his techniques, developed in the course of a long and productive career. Financed by Cosimo de' Medici, Donatello's ''David (Donatello), David'' was the first freestanding Nude (art), nude male sculpture since antiquity. He worked with stone, bronze, wood, clay, stucco, and wax, and had several assistants, with four perhaps being a typical number. Although his best-known works mostly were statues in the round, he developed a new, very shallow, type of bas-relief for small works, and a good deal of his output was large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
