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Plain Yellow Banner
The Plain Yellow Banner () was one of the Eight Banners of Manchu military and society during the Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China. The Plain Yellow Banner was one of three "upper" banner armies under the direct command of the emperor himself, and one of the four "right wing" banners. The Plain Yellow Banner was the original banner commanded personally by Nurhaci. The Plain Yellow Banner and the Bordered Yellow Banner were split from each other in 1615, when the troops of the original four banner armies (Yellow, Blue, Red, and White) were divided into eight by adding a bordered variant to each banner's design. After Nurhaci's death, his son Hong Taiji became khan, and took control of both yellow banners. Later, the Shunzhi Emperor took over the Plain White Banner after the death of his regent, Dorgon, to whom it previously belonged. From that point forward, the emperor directly controlled three "upper" banners (Plain Yellow, Bordered Yellow, and Plain White), as opposed to the ot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Later Jin (1616–1636)
The Later Jin, officially known as Jin or the Great Jin, was a royal dynasty of China in Manchuria and the precursor to the Qing dynasty. Established in 1616 by the Jianzhou Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci upon his reunification of the Jurchen tribes, its name was derived from the earlier Jin dynasty founded by the Wanyan clan which had ruled northern China in the 12th and 13th centuries. In 1635, the lingering Northern Yuan dynasty under Ejei Khan formally submitted to the Later Jin. The following year, Hong Taiji officially renamed the realm to "Great Qing", thus marking the start of the Qing dynasty. During the Ming–Qing transition, the Qing conquered Li Zicheng's Shun dynasty and various Southern Ming claimants and loyalists, going on to rule an empire comprising all of China, stretching as far as Tibet, Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Taiwan until the 1911 Xinhai Revolution established the Republic of China. Name Historians debate whether the official Chinese name ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clan Nara
Nara (Manchu: , Wade-Giles: nara hala, Chinese: , or ) is a clan name shared by a number of royal Manchu clans. The four tribes of the Hūlun confederation () – Hada (), Ula (), Hoifa () and Yehe () – were all ruled by clans bearing this name. The head of each clan held the princely title of "beile" (; Manchu: "chief, lord, or Prince of the Third Rank"). During the Jin Dynasty, Nara was listed as one of the noble "white clans" (). ''Nara'' is the Mongolic word for 'sun'. In Mongolia, the sun is associated to Genghis Khan as the nara tamga is the main tamga attributed to him. History The Naras lived in the Haixi area, which encompasses parts of modern-day Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. The Hada Naras and Ula Naras are native to Manchuria and shared an ancestor. The Yehe Naras were founded by a Tümed Mongol prince Singgen Darhan who conquered the local Nara tribe and assumed their name, establishing his rule over the banks of the Yehe river. The H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing. It was founded in 1893 to publish scholarly and scientific works by faculty of the University of California, established 25 years earlier in 1868, and has been officially headquartered at the university's flagship campus in Berkeley, California, since its inception. As the non-profit publishing arm of the University of California system, the UC Press is fully subsidized by the university and the State of California. A third of its authors are faculty members of the university. The press publishes over 250 new books and almost four dozen multi-issue journals annually, in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, and maintains approximately 4,000 book titles in print. It is also the digital publisher of Collabra and Luminos open access (OA) initiatives. The University of California Press publishes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University. It is one of the oldest academic presses in the United States and the first university press to be established on the West Coast. It was among the presses officially admitted to the Association of American University Presses (now the Association of University Presses) at the organization's founding, in 1937, and is one of twenty-two current member presses from that original group. The press publishes 130 books per year across the humanities, social sciences, and business, and has more than 3,500 titles in print. History David Starr Jordan, the first president of Stanford University, posited four propositions to Leland and Jane Stanford when accepting the post, the last of which stipulated, “That provision be made for the publication of the results of any important research on the part of professors, or advanced students. Such papers may be issued from time to time as ‘Memoirs of the Leland Stanf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Donggo
Donggo (，pinyin:Dong'e) was a clan of Manchu nobility belonging to the Manchu Plain White Banner, one of the 3 upper banners of Eight Banner system. Several lineages were members of Manchu Plain Red Banner. Donggo Hala was a branch of Irgen Gioro clan. The ancestral home of the Donggo Hala was located in Liaodong. After the demise of Qing dynasty, their descendants changed their surnames to Dong (董),Zhao (赵) and other. Notable figures Males * Hohori (何和礼; 1561–1624, pinyin: heheli) one of 5 founders of Later Jin dynasty and duke Yongqin (勇勤公, meaning "brave and diligent") ** Dulei (杜雷), a first rank military official (都统, pinyin: dutong) and held a title of second class count (二等伯) ** Dojili (多济理), a second rank military official (副都统, pinyin: fudutong) *** Kajihai (喀济海), a head censor (长史) ** Yaxing'a (雅星阿), served a third rank military official (参领) *** Xindali (新达理) * Xihan (席汉) ** Eshuo (鄂碩/ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Magiya
Magiya Hala (Manchu: ; Chinese: 馬佳氏) was one of the Manchu Great Eight Clans. Originated from Giyaliku Magiya area, named by the place. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames ''Ma'' (馬) or ''Jin'' (金). Notable figures Males * Tuhai (图海), a grand tutor of crown prince, a grand secretary of Zhonghe hall and first class Zhongda duke (一等忠达公), later enshrined in Imperial Ancestral Temple under the name Wenxiang (文襄) ** Nuomin (诺敏), a Minister of Rites *** Ma'ersai (马尔塞) **** * Gaishan (盖山), an examiner (员外郎，pinyin:yuanwailang) * Santai (三台) * Santian (三忝) *Hengguang (恒广) * Shengjin (昇寅) ** Baoxun (宝询), a supervisor of the Manor of Charitable Heaven (奉天府尹) and General Shengjing (盛京将军) ** Baolin, a supervisor of the Manor of Stable Knowledge (定知府) *** Shaoying (绍英), a Minister of Revenue in 1911 **** Shijie (世杰) & Shilia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šumuru
Šumuru (Manchu: ; ) was one of the eight great clans of Manchu nobility. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants sinicized their clan name to the Chinese surnames '' Shu'' (舒), '' Xu'' (徐) or '' Xiao'' (蕭). Notable figures Males * Yangguri (; 1572–1637), military figure and prince ** Tatai (塔台) ***Aixinga (d. 1664), Yangguri's grandson; coadjutor in the invasion of Burma * Tantai (), Yangguri's cousin * Fushan (富善), Aixinga's son, first-class duke ** Haijin (海金), Fushan's son *** Fengsheng'e (丰盛额), a first rank military official (都统) and held the title of first-class Yingcheng duke (一等英诚公) **** Feng'an (丰安), held the title of first-class Yingcheng duke (一等英诚公) * Folun (; d. 1701), served as the Minister of Works from 1686–1687 * Xu Yuanmeng (; 1655–1741), scholar and politician ** Xu Chengyi (徐诚意), served as an official (领催，pinyin: lingcui) * Lunbu (伦布) *Yuzhang (玉彰), served as fifth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Borjigin
A Borjigin, ; ; russian: Борджигин, Bordžigin; English plural: Borjigins or Borjigid (from Middle Mongolian);''Histoire des campagnes de Gengis Khan'', p. 119. Manchu plural: is a member of the Mongol sub-clan, which started with Bodonchar Munkhag of the Kiyat clan. Yesugei's descendants were thus said to be Kiyat-Borjigin. The senior Borjigids provided ruling princes for Mongolia and Inner Mongolia until the 20th century.Humphrey & Sneath, p. 27. The clan formed the ruling class among the Mongols and some other peoples of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Today, the Borjigid are found in most of Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, and additionally genetic research has shown that descent from Genghis Khan and Amir Timur Barlas is common throughout Central Asia and other regions. Origin and name The patrilineage began with Blue-grey Wolf (Börte Chino) and Fallow Doe (Gua Maral). According to ''The Secret History of the Mongols'', their 11th generation descend ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tian Wenjing
Tian Wenjing (; 1662 – December 24, 1732), styled Yiguang (), was a prominent mandarin who lived during the reign of the Kangxi and Yongzheng Emperors of the Qing Dynasty. Tian hailed from the Plain Yellow Banner of the Han Chinese military under the Qing Dynasty command. He was schooled in the Imperial Academy, and became a county official at the age of 21. In the last years of Kangxi's reign, Tian worked as a scholar in the imperial palace. It is not clear how his relationship with Yongzheng began. In 1734 after Yongzheng ascended the throne Tian was named governor of Henan, and was promoted to Governor-General (''zongdu'') several years later. He then served as Governor-General of Shandong, then Governor General of Beihe (). Yongzheng held Tian in very high regard, writing that Tian devoted his life to serving the court and the state, and was morally upright and just. Tian retired in 1730, citing fatigue and illness. Tian was interred at the Western Qing tombs, a very spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geng Zhongming
Geng Zhongming (; 1604–1649) was a Chinese military general who lived through the transition from the Ming (1368–1644) to the Qing (1644–1912) dynasty, during which he served both sides. His grandson Geng Jingzhong was one of the Three Feudatories who rebelled against Qing rule in the 1670s. Under Ming service Geng Zhongming was described by historians as a tall and dark-complexioned man who was known for his bravery and resourcefulness. He had first served under Ming warlord Mao Wenlong near the border of Joseon Korea.. When the latter was executed by Yuan Chonghuan in 1629 for insubordination, Geng and other military leaders like Kong Youde refused to serve Yuan. With their troops, they fled by boat from the Liaodong peninsula to Dengzhou () in Shandong. There, Geng was hired by Shandong governor Sun Yuanhua and was allowed to join the Dengzhou garrison, where Sun was casting European-style cannon with the help of Portuguese soldiers. Sun gave Geng and Kong some trai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Eight Banners
Han Chinese Eight Banners (, Manchu: ) were one of the three divisions in the Eight Banners of the Qing dynasty. Members of the Han Chinese Eight Banners were originally Han Chinese living in the Liaodong (modern Liaoning) of Ming dynasty. During the transition from Ming to Qing, these people were conquered by the Jurchen-led Later Jin dynasty. In 1631, Hong Taiji created the Han Chinese Eight Banners. Over time, other Han Chinese people who had surrendered to Qing dynasty joined the Han Chinese Eight Banners. The Han Chinese Eight Banners played an important role in Qing conquest of Ming. After that Qing dynasty started governing the whole China. After this period being admitted into the Han Chinese Eight Banners () became an honor for ordinary Han Chinese people. During the latter half of the 17th century, some members of the Han Chinese Eight Banners were required to leave it. This was known as "Hanjun Chuqi" in Chinese (). See also *Identity in the Eight Banners Identity i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zu Dashou
Zu Dashou (; d. 1656), courtesy name Fuyu (復宇), was a Chinese military general who served on the northern border of the Ming dynasty during the Ming–Qing transition period of Chinese history. He fought against the Qing dynasty in several major engagements before ultimately surrendering to them in 1642. An alleged descendant of the Eastern Jin dynasty general Zu Ti, he was the maternal uncle of the Ming general Wu Sangui, who surrendered Shanhai Pass to Qing forces and defected to the Qing side. Zu's tomb was acquired by the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto, Canada, and is considered one of the "iconic objects" of the museum. Background Zu Dashou was born in Ningyuan, present-day Xingcheng, Liaoning province, during the Ming dynasty. His year of birth is unknown. His courtesy name was Fuyu (). Defense of Beijing In November 1629, the Qing army under Hong Taiji invaded the Ming dynasty, bypassing the heavily defended Ming fortress at Ningyuan north of the Great Wall, where H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
