|
Physical Design (electronics)
In integrated circuit design, physical design is a step in the standard design cycle which follows after the circuit design. At this step, circuit representations of the components (devices and interconnects) of the design are converted into geometric representations of shapes which, when manufactured in the corresponding layers of materials, will ensure the required functioning of the components. This geometric representation is called integrated circuit layout. This step is usually split into several sub-steps, which include both design and verification and validation of the layout. Modern day Integrated Circuit (IC) design is split up into ''Front-end Design using HDLs'' and ''Back-end Design'' or ''Physical Design''. The inputs to physical design are (i) a netlist, (ii) library information on the basic devices in the design, and (iii) a technology file containing the manufacturing constraints. Physical design is usually concluded by ''Layout Post Processing'', in which amendme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Integrated Circuit Design
Integrated circuit design, or IC design, is a sub-field of electronics engineering, encompassing the particular logic and circuit design techniques required to design integrated circuits, or ICs. ICs consist of miniaturized electronic components built into an electrical network on a monolithic semiconductor substrate by photolithography. IC design can be divided into the broad categories of digital and analog IC design. Digital IC design is to produce components such as microprocessors, FPGAs, memories (RAM, ROM, and flash) and digital ASICs. Digital design focuses on logical correctness, maximizing circuit density, and placing circuits so that clock and timing signals are routed efficiently. Analog IC design also has specializations in power IC design and RF IC design. Analog IC design is used in the design of op-amps, linear regulators, phase locked loops, oscillators and active filters. Analog design is more concerned with the physics of the semiconductor devices ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Micrometre
The micrometre ( international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American spelling), also commonly known as a micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-" = ); that is, one millionth of a metre (or one thousandth of a millimetre, , or about ). The nearest smaller common SI unit is the nanometre, equivalent to one thousandth of a micrometre, one millionth of a millimetre or one billionth of a metre (). The micrometre is a common unit of measurement for wavelengths of infrared radiation as well as sizes of biological cells and bacteria, and for grading wool by the diameter of the fibres. The width of a single human hair ranges from approximately 20 to . The longest human chromosome, chromosome 1, is approximately in length. Examples Between 1 μm and 10 μm: * 1–10 μm – length of a typical bacterium * 3–8 μm – width of st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Front End Of Line
The front-end-of-line (FEOL) is the first portion of IC fabrication where the individual components ( transistors, capacitors, resistors, etc.) are patterned in the semiconductor. FEOL generally covers everything up to (but not including) the deposition of metal interconnect layers. For the CMOS process, FEOL contains all fabrication steps needed to form isolated CMOS elements: # Selecting the type of wafer to be used; Chemical-mechanical planarization and cleaning of the wafer. # Shallow trench isolation (STI) (or LOCOS in early processes, with feature size > 0.25 μm) # Well formation # Gate module formation # Source and drain module formation See also *Back end of line *Integrated circuit An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as an IC, a chip, or a microchip) is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or "chip") of semiconductor material, usually silicon. Large numbers of tiny ... References Further readi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Resolution Enhancement Technologies
Resolution(s) may refer to: Common meanings * Resolution (debate), the statement which is debated in policy debate * Resolution (law), a written motion adopted by a deliberative body * New Year's resolution, a commitment that an individual makes at New Year's Day * Dispute resolution, the settlement of a disagreement Science, technology, and mathematics Mathematics and logic * Resolution (algebra), an exact sequence in homological algebra * Resolution (logic), a rule of inference used for automated theorem proving * Standard resolution, the bar construction of resolutions in homological algebra * Resolution of singularities in algebraic geometry Measurements * Resolution (audio), a measure of digital audio quality * Resolution (electron density), the quality of an X-ray crystallography or cryo-electron microscopy data set * Angular resolution, the capability of an optical or other sensor to discern small objects * Depositional resolution, the age difference of fossi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photomask
A photomask is an opaque plate with holes or transparencies that allow light to shine through in a defined pattern. They are commonly used in photolithography and the production of integrated circuits (ICs or "chips") in particular. Masks are used to produce a pattern on a substrate, normally a thin slice of silicon known as a wafer in the case of chip manufacturing. Several masks are used in turn, each one reproducing a layer of the completed design, and together they are known as a mask set. Previously, photomasks used to be produced manually by using rubylith and mylar. As complexity continued to grow, manual processing of any sort became difficult. This was solved with the introduction of the optical pattern generator which automated the process of producing the initial large-scale pattern, and the step-and-repeat cameras that automated the copying of the pattern into a multiple-IC mask. The intermediate masks are known as reticles, and were initially copied to production m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mask Data Preparation
Mask data preparation (MDP), also known as layout post processing, is the procedure of translating a file containing the intended set of polygons from an integrated circuit layout into set of instructions that a photomask writer can use to generate a physical mask. Typically, amendments and additions to the chip layout are performed in order to convert the physical layout into data for mask production. Mask data preparation requires an input file which is in a GDSII or OASIS format, and produces a file that is in a proprietary format specific to the mask writer. MDP procedures Although historically converting the physical layout into data for mask production was relatively simple, more recent MDP procedures require various procedures: * ''Chip finishing'' which includes custom designations and structures to improve manufacturability of the layout. Examples of the latter are a seal ring and filler structures. * Producing a ''reticle layout'' with test patterns and alignment ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Routing (EDA)
In electronic design, wire routing, commonly called simply routing, is a step in the design of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and integrated circuits (ICs). It builds on a preceding step, called placement, which determines the location of each active element of an IC or component on a PCB. After placement, the routing step adds wires needed to properly connect the placed components while obeying all design rules for the IC. Together, the placement and routing steps of IC design are known as place and route. The task of all routers is the same. They are given some pre-existing polygons consisting of pins (also called terminals) on cells, and optionally some pre-existing wiring called preroutes. Each of these polygons are associated with a net, usually by name or number. The primary task of the router is to create geometries such that all terminals assigned to the same net are connected, no terminals assigned to different nets are connected, and all design rules are obeyed. A r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clock After CTS
A clock or a timepiece is a device used to measure and indicate time. The clock is one of the oldest human inventions, meeting the need to measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units such as the day, the lunar month and the year. Devices operating on several physical processes have been used over the millennia. Some predecessors to the modern clock may be considered as "clocks" that are based on movement in nature: A sundial shows the time by displaying the position of a shadow on a flat surface. There is a range of duration timers, a well-known example being the hourglass. Water clocks, along with the sundials, are possibly the oldest time-measuring instruments. A major advance occurred with the invention of the verge escapement, which made possible the first mechanical clocks around 1300 in Europe, which kept time with oscillating timekeepers like balance wheels., pp. 103–104., p. 31. Traditionally, in horology, the term ''clock'' was used for a st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ideal Clock
Ideal may refer to: Philosophy * Ideal (ethics), values that one actively pursues as goals * Platonic ideal, a philosophical idea of trueness of form, associated with Plato Mathematics * Ideal (ring theory), special subsets of a ring considered in abstract algebra * Ideal, special subsets of a semigroup * Ideal (order theory), special kind of lower sets of an order * Ideal (set theory), a collection of sets regarded as "small" or "negligible" * Ideal (Lie algebra), a particular subset in a Lie algebra * Ideal point, a boundary point in hyperbolic geometry * Ideal triangle, a triangle in hyperbolic geometry whose vertices are ideal points Science * Ideal chain, in science, the simplest model describing a polymer * Ideal gas law, in physics, governing the pressure of an ideal gas * Ideal transformer, an electrical transformer having zero resistance and perfect magnetic threading * Ideal final result, in TRIZ methodology, the best possible solution * Thought experiment, sometimes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Floorplan (microelectronics)
In electronic design automation, a floorplan of an integrated circuit is a schematics representation of tentative placement of its major functional blocks. In modern electronic design process floorplans are created during the floorplanning design stage, an early stage in the hierarchical approach to integrated circuit design. Depending on the design methodology being followed, the actual definition of a floorplan may differ. Floorplanning Floorplanning takes in some of the geometrical constraints in a design. Here are some examples: * bonding pads for off-chip connections (often using wire bonding) are normally located at the circumference of the chip; * line drivers often have to be located as close to bonding pads as possible; * chip area is therefore in some cases given a minimum area in order to fit in the required number of pads; * areas are clustered in order to limit data paths thus frequently featuring defined structures such as cache RAM, multiplier, barrel shifter, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silicon On Insulator
In semiconductor manufacturing, silicon on insulator (SOI) technology is fabrication of silicon semiconductor devices in a layered silicon–insulator–silicon substrate, to reduce parasitic capacitance within the device, thereby improving performance. SOI-based devices differ from conventional silicon-built devices in that the silicon junction is above an electrical insulator, typically silicon dioxide or sapphire (these types of devices are called silicon on sapphire, or SOS). The choice of insulator depends largely on intended application, with sapphire being used for high-performance radio frequency (RF) and radiation-sensitive applications, and silicon dioxide for diminished short-channel effects in other microelectronics devices. The insulating layer and topmost silicon layer also vary widely with application. Industry need SOI technology is one of several manufacturing strategies to allow the continued miniaturization of microelectronic devices, colloquially referred ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nanometre
330px, Different lengths as in respect to the molecular scale. The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American and British English spelling differences#-re, -er, American spelling) is a units of measurement, unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) of a metre () and to 1000 picometres. One nanometre can be expressed in scientific notation as , and as metres. History The nanometre was formerly known as the millimicrometre – or, more commonly, the millimicron for short – since it is of a micron (micrometre), and was often denoted by the symbol mμ or (more rarely and confusingly, since it logically should refer to a ''millionth'' of a micron) as μμ. Etymology The name combines the SI prefix ''nano-'' (from the Ancient Greek , ', "dwarf") with the parent unit name ''metre'' (from Greek , ', "unit of measurement") ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Front End Of Line")
