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Philbertia
''Raphitoma'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae. The type species ''Pleurotoma hystrix'' Cristofori and Jan, 1832 is a nomen nudum. It has been validated by Bellardi, 1847 as “''Pleurotoma histrix'' Jan.” Distribution This genus occurs in European waters, in the northern part of the Mediterranean Sea, and in the Atlantic Ocean off Cape Verde, West Africa and Angola. Taxonomy history The genus ''Raphitoma'' was created in 1847 by Luigi Bellardi (1818-1889) in his "Monographie des Pleurotomes fossiles du Piémont" for species in different groups without operculum. ''Raphitoma'' now contains many species formerly assigned to ''Pleurotoma'' Lamarck, 1799, ''Clathurella'' (Carpenter, 1857) and ''Philbertia'' (Monterosato, 1884). ''Philbertia'' was synonymized with ''Raphitoma'' in 1990 because Dr. Philippe Bouchet did not consider valid the subdivision of species into different genera solely on the basis of differences ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphitomidae
Raphitomidae is a family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (Ed.) (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". ''Malacologia'' 47(1-2). . 397 pp. Bouchet, Kantor ''et al''. elevated in 2011 the subfamily Raphitominae (which at that point had been placed in the family Conidae) to the rank of family. This was based on a cladistical analysis of shell morphology, radular characteristics, anatomical characters, and a dataset of molecular sequences of three gene fragments. The family was found to be monophyletic. Description The Raphitomidae is the largest, most diverse and most variable taxon in the Conoidea, with the greatest number of species and the largest ecological range (from the tropics to the pole) and largest vertical range (intertidal to hadal depths). The shells of species in the Raphitomidae are very variable in shape (buccinoid to ovate, elongate-fusiform, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphitoma Alleryana
''Raphitoma alleryana'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Raphitoma alleryana (Sulliotti, 1889). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1301489 on 2019-12-04 Description The length of the shell reaches a length of 10 mm. A shell with a minute, elegant fusiform shape, very distinct from its congeners through its sleek appearance produced by the rapidly growing in volume of its 6½ slightly convex whorls, for the subtle reticulation and the low elevation of the ribs which gives it a pearly appearance, and finally for the softness of the shell and its golden-yellow to horny color.. The suture is impressed. The aperture is subovate with a simple outer lip with inconspicuous denticles. The short siphonal canal is slightly inflected. The body whorl shows a conspicuous white submedian band. The smooth apex has a bright, horny col ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphitoma Alternans
''Raphitoma alternans'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae. Description The length of the shell reaches a length of 10 mm. It has a paucispiral protoconch A protoconch (meaning first or earliest or original shell) is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called .... Distribution This marine species occurs in the Central and Eastern Mediterranean Sea. References ;Footnotes ;Bibliography * Oliverio, M. (2018). ''Catalogue of the primary types of marine molluscan taxa described by Tommaso Allery Di Maria, Marquis of Monterosato, deposited in the Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma''. Zootaxa, 4477 (1), 1-138. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca. in: Costello, M.J. et al. (eds), European Register of Marine Species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Changes In The Taxonomy Of Gastropods Since 2005
This overview lists proposed changes in the taxonomy of gastropods at the family level and above since 2005, when the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) was published. In other words, these are recent updates in the way various groups of snails and slugs are classified. Changes in subfamilies are outlined in the respective articles about each particular family. Unchanged taxa are not listed here. In one of the largest recent changes (affecting the most species of gastropods), Klussmann-Kolb ''et al.'' (2008) showed that the traditional classification of the Euthyneura needed to be reconsidered. The change was subsequently made by Jörger ''et al.'' (2010), who redefined the major groups within the Heterobranchia. A great number of major changes have been made within the classification of the Conoidea since 2011. In the 2017 issue of "Malacologia" journal (available online from 4 January 2018) new much updated version of 2005 "Bouchet & Rocroi" taxonomy was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphitoma Alida
''Raphitoma alida'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Raphitoma alida Pusateri & Giannuzzi-Savelli, 2016. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=881515 on 2019-11-30 Description The length of the shell reaches a length of 17.1 mm and a diameter of 7 mm. Distribution Fossils of this extinct marine species were found on Sicily (man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographi ..., Italy References External links Pusateri F., Giannuzzi-Savelli R. & Bartolini S. (2016). ''A revision of the Mediterranean Raphitomidae, 3: on the Raphitoma pupoides (Monterosato, 1884) complex, with the description of a new species ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raphitoma Alfurica
''Raphitoma alfurica'' is an extinct species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Raphitomidae.Fischer, P. J. "Beitrag zur kenntnis der Pliozän-fauna der Molukken-inseln Seran und Obi." Paläontologie von Timor 15.25 (1927): 1-179. Description Distribution Fossils of this extinct marine species were found in Pliocene strata on Timor Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea. The island is divided between the sovereign states of East Timor on the eastern part and Indonesia on the western part. The Indonesian part, also .... References External links * alfurica Gastropods described in 1927 {{paleo-Raphitoma-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siphonal Canal
The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is drawn into the mantle cavity and over the gill and which serves as a chemoreceptor to locate food. Siphonal canals allow for active transport of water to sensory organs inside the shell. Organisms without siphonal canals in their shells rely on passive or diffuse transport or water into their shell. Those with siphonal canals have a direct inhalant stream of water that interacts with sensory organs to detect concentration and direction of a stimulus, such as food or mates. In certain groups of carnivorous snails, where the siphon is particularly long, the structure of the shell has been modified in order to house and protect the soft structure of the siphon. Thus the siphonal canal is a semi-tubular extension of the aperture of the shell th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columella (gastropod)
The columella (meaning "little column") or (in older texts) pillar is a central anatomical feature of a coiled snail shell, a gastropod shell. The columella is often only clearly visible as a structure when the shell is broken, sliced in half vertically, or viewed as an X-ray image. The columella runs from the apex of the shell to the midpoint of the undersurface of the shell, or the tip of the siphonal canal in those shells which have a siphonal canal. If a snail shell is visualized as a cone of shelly material which is wrapped around a central axis, then the columella more or less coincides spatially with the central axis of the shell. In the case of shells that have an umbilicus, the columella is a hollow structure. The columella of some groups of gastropod shells can have a number of plications or folds (the columellar fold, plaits or plicae), which are usually visible when looking to the inner lip into the aperture of the shell. These folds can be wide or narrow, prominent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lip (gastropod)
In the shell of gastropod mollusks (a snail shell), the lip is the free margin of the peristome (synonym: peritreme) or aperture (the opening) of the gastropod shell. In dextral (right-handed) shells (most snail shells are right-handed), the right side or outer side of the aperture is known as the outer lip (''labrum''). The left side of the aperture is known as the inner lip or columellar lip (''labium'') if there is a pronounced lip there. In those species where there is no pronounced lip, the part of the body whorl that adjoins the aperture is known as the parietal wall. The outer lip is usually thin and sharp in immature shells, and in some adults (e.g. the land snails ''Helicella'' and '' Bulimulus''). However, in some other land snails and in many marine species the outer lip is ''thickened'' (also called ''callused''), or ''reflected'' (turned outwards). In some other marine species it is curled inwards (''inflected''), as in the cowries such as ''Cypraea''. It can also be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sculpture (mollusc)
Sculpture is a feature of many of the shells of mollusks. It is three-dimensional ornamentation on the outer surface of the shell, as distinct from either the basic shape of the shell itself or the pattern of colouration, if any. Sculpture is a feature found in the shells of gastropods, bivalves, and scaphopods. The word "sculpture" is also applied to surface features of the aptychus of ammonites, and to the outer surface of some calcareous opercula of marine gastropods such as some species in the family Trochidae. Sculpture can be concave or convex, incised into the surface or raised from it. Sometimes the sculpture has microscopic detailing. The term "sculpture" refers only to the calcareous outer layer of shell, and does not include the proteinaceous periostracum, which is in some cases textured even when the underlying shell surface is smooth. In many taxa, there is no sculpture on the shell surface at all, apart from the presence of fine growth lines. The sculpture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Body Whorl
The body whorl is part of the morphology of the shell in those gastropod mollusks that possess a coiled shell. The term is also sometimes used in a similar way to describe the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. In gastropods In gastropods, the body whorl, or last whorl, is the most recently formed and largest whorl (or revolution) of a spiral or helical shell, terminating in the aperture. It is called the "body whorl" because most of the body of the soft parts of the animal fits into this whorl. The proportional size of the body whorl in gastropod shells differs greatly according to the actual shell morphology. For shells in which the rate of whorl expansion of each revolution around the axis is very high, the aperture and the body whorl are large, and the shell tends to be low spired. The shell of the abalone is a good example of this kind of shell. The opposite tendency can sometimes create a high spire with very little whorl increase per revolution. In these instances, e.g. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dichotomy
A dichotomy is a partition of a whole (or a set) into two parts (subsets). In other words, this couple of parts must be * jointly exhaustive: everything must belong to one part or the other, and * mutually exclusive: nothing can belong simultaneously to both parts. If there is a concept A, and it is split into parts B and not-B, then the parts form a dichotomy: they are mutually exclusive, since no part of B is contained in not-B and vice versa, and they are jointly exhaustive, since they cover all of A, and together again give A. Such a partition is also frequently called a bipartition. The two parts thus formed are complements. In logic, the partitions are opposites if there exists a proposition such that it holds over one and not the other. Treating continuous variables or multi categorical variables as binary variables is called dichotomization. The discretization error inherent in dichotomization is temporarily ignored for modeling purposes. Etymology The term '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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