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Paul Chack
Louis Paul André Chack, (12 February 1876 – 9 January 1945), was a French Navy officer, author and Nazi collaborator. He served in the Navy during the First World War and spent the interwar period writing books on naval history and agitating at the far right. During the Second World War, he eagerly collaborated with the Nazis and presided a so-called "Comité d'action antibolchévique" ("Committee for Anti-Bolshevik Action"). At the Liberation, he was arrested, tried for treason and executed by firing squad. Biography Chack was born to Marie-Louise Chack, also known as "Marie Scalini" (1852–1931), and of Lord Fingall, who refused to marry her but still purchased a house for her and paid her a pension. Chack joined the École Navale in October 1893, the 50th of the 75 students of the class of that year. He graduated in 1896. He served on the battleship ''Hoche'', then on '' Masséna'' in the North sea, and was promoted to Ensign first class in October 1898. He then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, fashion, gastronomy, and science. For its leading role in the arts and sciences, as well as its very early system of street lighting, in the 19th century it became known as "the City of Light". Like London, prior to the Second World War, it was also sometimes called the capital of the world. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an estimated population of 12,262,544 in 2019, or about 19% of the population of France, making the region France's primate city. The Paris Region had a GDP of €739 billion ($743 billion) in 2019, which is the highest in Europe. According to the Economist Intelli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه , alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis ("the Great City"), Πόλις ("the City"), Kostantiniyye or Konstantinopolis ( Turkish) , image = Byzantine Constantinople-en.png , alt = , caption = Map of Constantinople in the Byzantine period, corresponding to the modern-day Fatih district of Istanbul , map_type = Istanbul#Turkey Marmara#Turkey , map_alt = A map of Byzantine Istanbul. , map_size = 275 , map_caption = Constantinople was founded on the former site of the Greek colony of Byzantion, which today is known as Istanbul in Turkey. , coordinates = , location = Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey , region = Marmara Region , type = Imperial city , part_of = , length = , width ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Doriot
Jacques Doriot (; 26 September 1898 – 22 February 1945) was a French politician, initially communist, later fascist, before and during World War II. In 1936, after his exclusion from the Communist Party, he founded the French Popular Party (PPF) and took over the newspaper '' La Liberté'', which took a stand against the Popular Front. During the war, Doriot was a radical supporter of collaboration and contributed to the creation of the Legion of French Volunteers against Bolshevism (LVF). He fought personally in German uniform on the Eastern Front, with the rank of lieutenant. Early life and politics Doriot moved to Saint Denis, near Paris, at an early age and became a labourer. In 1916, in the midst of World War I, he became a committed socialist, but his political activity was halted by his joining the French Army in 1917. Participating in active combat during World War I, Doriot was captured by enemy troops and remained a prisoner of war until 1918. For his wartime servi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Maurras
Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (; ; 20 April 1868 – 16 November 1952) was a French author, politician, poet, and critic. He was an organizer and principal philosopher of ''Action Française'', a political movement that is monarchist, anti-parliamentarist, and counter-revolutionary. Maurras also held anti-communist, anti-masonic, anti-protestant, and anti-Semitic views, though he was highly critical of Nazism, referring to it as "stupidity". His ideas greatly influenced National Catholicism and integral nationalism, with a major tenet of his views being that "a true nationalist places his country above everything". Raised Catholic, Maurras went deaf and became an agnostic in his youth, but remained anti-secularist and politically supportive of the Church. His ideas were opposed by Pope Pius XI, but received mixed to positive reception from Pius X, Billot, and Pius XII. An Orléanist, he began his career by writing literary criticism and became politically active during the Dre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Trochu
Charles Trochu (1898-1961) was a French businessman, architect and right-wing politician. He was Secretary General of the National Front and president of the Municipal Council of Paris. Biography Early years Charles Trochu was born in Chile in 1898 of a Breton father and a Basque mother. He was a descendant of the Napoleonic General Jean Baptiste Kléber. His grandfather was General Louis Jules Trochu, who had been President of the Government of National Defense during the Franco-Prussian War. World War I began in July 1914. Trochu joined the army when he was seventeen, and was wounded and decorated. He was taken prisoner by the Germans. Inter-war years After the war Trochu became a wholesale cod merchant. He was also involved in architecture. Bonapartist in background, Trochu was close to the Action Française of Charles Maurras, and participated in all the squabbles of the extreme right in the 1930s. In 1932 he was the Jeunesses Patriotes candidate for the Paris munici ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Académie De Marine
The Royal Naval Academy of France (french: Académie royale de marine) was founded at Brest by a ruling of 31 July 1752 by Antoine Louis de Rouillé, comte de Jouy, Secretary of State for the Navy. This institutionalised an earlier initiative by a group of officers from the Brest fleet headed by the artillery captain Sébastien Bigot de Morogues who all wanted to contribute to the modernisation of the French Navy, a group which had very quickly received the approbation of Louis XV. de Morogues was named the Academy's first president and the institution gathered in astronomers, hydrographers, mathematicians and so on, including such names as Dumaitz de Goimpy, Borda, Thévenard, Marguerie, and Claret de Fleurieu, and three of its members (Claret de Fleurieu, Fleuriot de Langle, d'Escures) were to be found amongst La Pérouse's expedition to the Solomon Islands which later disappeared. The Academy contributed greatly to the improvement of navigational instruments, and i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Defence Historical Service
In France, the Defence Historical Service (''Service historique de la défense'' or ''SHD'') is the archives centre of Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. The SHD consists of the "Centre historique des archives" at Vincennes, the "Centre des archives de l’armement et du personnel" at Châtellerault Châtellerault (; Poitevin-Saintongeais: ''Châteulrô/Chateleràud''; oc, Chastelairaud) is a commune in the Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in France. It is located in the northeast of the former province Poitou, and the re ... and a number of smaller repositories. In total, the archives contain about 450 km of records of which 100 km are at Vincennes and 70 km at Châtellerault. The SHD also harbors a research lab in War Studies, the "Division Recherches, Études et Enseignement (DREE)", staffed by ca. 20 professional historians, including both military officers and academic scholars. It deals prominen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Battleship Provence
''Provence'' was one of three s built for the French Navy in the 1910s, named in honor of the French region of Provence; she had two sister ships, ''Bretagne'' and ''Lorraine''. ''Provence'' entered service in March 1916, after the outbreak of World War I. She was armed with a main battery of ten guns and had a top speed of . ''Provence'' spent the bulk of her career in the French Mediterranean Squadron, where she served as the fleet flagship. During World War I, she was stationed at Corfu to prevent the Austro-Hungarian fleet from leaving the Adriatic Sea, but she saw no action. She was modernized significantly in the 1920s and 1930s, and conducted normal peacetime cruises and training maneuvers in the Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean. She participated in non-intervention patrols during the Spanish Civil War. In the early days of World War II, ''Provence'' conducted patrols and sweeps into the Atlantic to search for German surface raiders. She was stationed in Mers-el-Ké ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mention In Dispatches
To be mentioned in dispatches (or despatches, MiD) describes a member of the armed forces whose name appears in an official report written by a superior officer and sent to the high command, in which their gallant or meritorious action in the face of the enemy is described. In some countries, a service member's name must be mentioned in dispatches as a condition for receiving certain decorations. United Kingdom, British Empire, and Commonwealth of Nations Servicemen and women of the British Empire or the Commonwealth who are mentioned in despatches (MiD) are not awarded a medal for their actions, but receive a certificate and wear an oak leaf device on the ribbon of the appropriate campaign medal. A smaller version of the oak leaf device is attached to the ribbon when worn alone. Prior to 2014, only one device could be worn on a ribbon, irrespective of the number of times the recipient was mentioned in despatches. Where no campaign medal is awarded, the oak leaf is worn direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Claymore-class Destroyer
The ''Claymore'' class was a group of thirteen (destroyers) built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. All of the ships survived the First World War and were scrapped Scrap consists of recyclable materials, usually metals, left over from product manufacturing and consumption, such as parts of vehicles, building supplies, and surplus materials. Unlike waste, scrap has monetary value, especially recovered me ... after the war. Ships * * * * * * * * * * * * * Bibliography * * * * * * * * * {{WWI French ships Destroyer classes Destroyers of the French Navy Ship classes of the French Navy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Destroyer
In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, manoeuvrable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against powerful short range attackers. They were originally developed in 1885 by Fernando Villaamil for the Spanish NavySmith, Charles Edgar: ''A short history of naval and marine engineering.'' Babcock & Wilcox, ltd. at the University Press, 1937, page 263 as a defense against torpedo boats, and by the time of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904, these "torpedo boat destroyers" (TBDs) were "large, swift, and powerfully armed torpedo boats designed to destroy other torpedo boats". Although the term "destroyer" had been used interchangeably with "TBD" and "torpedo boat destroyer" by navies since 1892, the term "torpedo boat destroyer" had been generally shortened to simply "destroyer" by nearly all navies by the First World War. Before World War II, destroyers were light vessels with little endurance for unattended o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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