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Papilio Inopinatus
''Papilio inopinatus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Romang, Babar, Damar and Tanimbar. Description The original description in Butler, 1883; '' Proc. zool. Soc. Lond''. 1883 : 370, reads Allied to P. adrastus of Felder, from Ceram and New Guinea; but the male with a broad oblique subapical white belt, which does not quite reach the outer margin and is cut by the black nervures; the fascia on the secondaries narrower, formed more nearly as in the Australian P. aegeus, with zigzag outer edge, but of more uniform width throughout than in that species, and of a sordid cream-colour; a scarlet spot near the anal angle, well separated from the central fascia. The female differs in the whiter and oblique belt across the primaries, the inner edge of which is not so deeply zigzag, and therefore is not augulated as in the allied species, and the outer half toward apex suffused with grey so as greatly to reduce its width; secondaries wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Gardiner Butler
Arthur Gardiner Butler F.L.S., F.Z.S. (27 June 1844 – 28 May 1925) was an English entomologist, arachnologist and ornithologist. He worked at the British Museum on the taxonomy of birds, insects, and spiders. Biography Arthur Gardiner Butler was born at Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, London. He was the son of Thomas Butler (1809–1908), assistant-secretary to the British Museum.Thomas Butler: He was educated at St. Paul's School,He was admitted 15-03-1854, according to: later receiving a year's tuition in drawing at the Art School of South Kensington. At the British Museum, he was appointed as an officer with two roles, as an assistant-keeper in zoology and as an assistant-librarian in 1879. Work He also published articles on spiders of Australia, the Galápagos, Madagascar, and other places. In 1859, he described the Deana moth. Bibliography Entomology *"Monograph of the species of ''Charaxes'', a genus of diurnal Lepidoptera". ''Proceedings of the Zoological Socie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterflies Described In 1883
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyses suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea"). Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as like most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naturhistorisches Museum
The Natural History Museum Vienna (german: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) is a large natural history museum located in Vienna, Austria. It is one of the most important natural history museums worldwide. The NHM Vienna is one of the largest museums and non-university research institutions in Austria and an important center of excellence for all matters relating to natural sciences. The museum's 39 exhibition rooms cover 8,460 square meters and present more than 100,000 objects. It is home to 30 million objects available to more than 60 scientists and numerous guest researchers who carry out basic research in a wide range of topics related to human sciences, earth sciences, and life sciences. The '' Index Herbariorum'' code assigned to this museum is W and it is used when citing housed herbarium specimens. History The history of the Natural History Museum Vienna is shaped by the passion for collecting of renowned monarchs, the endless thirst for knowledge of famous scienti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Woodfordi
''Papilio woodfordi'', the Woodford's swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly of the Papilioninae subfamily. It is found on various islands in the Pacific Ocean (see Subspecies section). The wingspan is . The larvae feed on ''Citrus'' species. Subspecies *''Papilio woodfordi woodfordi'' (Bougainville, Shortland Islands) *''Papilio woodfordi choiseuli'' Rothschild (Choiseul) *''Papilio woodfordi laarchus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 (New Georgia Group) *''Papilio woodfordi ariel'' Grose-Smith, 1889 (Santa Isabel) Taxonomy ''Papilio woodfordi'' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species group. The Cladistics, clade members are: *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *''Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? ''Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, [1777] *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 External links Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Weymeri
''Papilio weymeri'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly in the Papilioninae subfamily that is Endemism, endemic to Papua New Guinea where it is found on Los Negros Island, Los Negros and Manus Islands. Description The species' males are long and are black in colour while females are and are brownish-black coloured. Both sexes have cream fringe spots but only females have orange-red eyespot and dark coloured scales. Taxonomy ''Papilio weymeri'' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species group. The Cladistics, clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *''Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? ''Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, [1777] *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 References *Ebner, J.A., 1971 Some notes on the Papilionidae of Manus Island, New Guinea 1971 ''Journal of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Tydeus
''Papilio tydeus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in the Moluccas (Batchian and Gilolo). Status Common and not threatened. Subspecies *''Papilio tydeus tydeus'' (Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera, Morotai) *''Papilio tydeus obiensis'' Rothschild, 1898 (Obi) Taxonomy ''Papilio tydeus'' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species-group. The clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *'' Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? '' Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *'' Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, 777/small> *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *'' Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 See also *Wallacea References tydeus Tydeus (; Ancient Greek: Τυδεύς ''Tūdeus'') was an Aetolian hero in Greek mythology, belonging to the generation before the Trojan War. He was one of the Seven against Thebes, and the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Ptolychus
''Papilio ptolychus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found on Guadalcanal and Florida Island. Description From Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 301 Male. Differs from P. laarchus (Godm. & Salv.) especially in the forewings having four white spots posteriorly close to the outer margin, besides the subapical white band, and in the band of the hindwings being as narrow as in P. bridgei Matthew. Some specimens have on the upperside of the hindwings a small, ochraceous, submarginal spot between the lower median nervules ; below, the series of submarginal spots is always complete, but the spots are often very feebly marked. Female. Similar to the male; the marginal spots to the forewings and the submarginal markings to the under surface of the hindwings are rather larger; above, the hindwings have three submarginal spots in my single example. Hab. Solomon Islands: Guadalcanar Island From Godman and Salvin Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Gambrisius
''Papilio gambrisius'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Serang, Moluccas, Ambon Island, Seram and Buru. Subspecies *''Papilio gambrisius gambrisius'' (Serang, Ambon) *''Papilio gambrisius colossus'' Fruhstorfer, 1899 (Ceram) *''Papilio gambrisius buruanus'' Rothschild, 1897 (Buru) Taxonomy ''Papilio gambrisius'' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species-group. The clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *'' Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? '' Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, 777/small> *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi ''Papilio woodfordi'', the Woodford's swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly of the Papilioninae subfamily. It is found on various islands in the Pacific Ocean (see Subspecies section). The wingspan is . The larvae feed on ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Erskinei
''Papilio erskinei'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found on Ugi Island. Taxonomy Formerly ranked as a subspecies of '' Papilio bridgei''. This was revised by Tennent, W.J. (1999).Tennent, W.J. 1999. Notes on some Solomon Islands Papilio Linnaeus, with descriptions of four new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). ''Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo., N.F.'', 20 (2): 207-230. ''Papilio erskinei '' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species-group. The clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *'' Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? ''Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, 777/small> *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi ''Papilio woodfordi'', the Woodford's swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly of the Papilioninae subfamily. It is found on various i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Bridgei
''Papilio bridgei'' is a swallowtail butterfly of the Papilioninae subfamily. It is found on various islands in the Solomons group. It is not threatened. The wingspan is . The larvae feed on ''Citrus'' species. Subspecies *''Papilio bridgei bridgei'' (Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Shortland, Treasury Islands, Fauro Islands) *''Papilio bridgei ortegae'' Rothschild, 1904 (Florida Islands) *''Papilio bridgei hecataeus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 (Guadalcanal) *''Papilio bridgei tryoni'' Mathew, 1889 (Ugi, San Cristobal) *''Papilio bridgei prospero'' Grose-Smith, 1889 (New Georgia Islands) Taxonomy ''Papilio bridgei'' is a member of the aegeus species-group . The clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *''Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? ''Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, 777/small> *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Group
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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