Arthur Gardiner Butler F.L.S., F.Z.S. (27 June 1844 – 28 May 1925) was an English

entomologist Entomology () is the scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such as arach ...

arachnologist Arachnology is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and harvestmen. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly, the study of sp ...

and

ornithologist Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...

. He worked at the

British Museum The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence. It docum ...

on the

taxonomy Taxonomy is the practice and science of categorization or classification. A taxonomy (or taxonomical classification) is a scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types. ...

bird Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweigh ...

insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs ...

s, and

spider Spiders ( order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ...

Biography

Arthur Gardiner Butler was born at Cheyne Walk,

Chelsea Chelsea or Chelsey may refer to: Places Australia * Chelsea, Victoria Canada * Chelsea, Nova Scotia * Chelsea, Quebec United Kingdom * Chelsea, London, an area of London, bounded to the south by the River Thames ** Chelsea (UK Parliament consti ...

London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...

. He was the son of Thomas Butler (1809–1908), assistant-secretary to the British Museum.Thomas Butler: He was educated at St. Paul's School,He was admitted 15-03-1854, according to: later receiving a year's tuition in drawing at the Art School of South Kensington. At the British Museum, he was appointed as an officer with two roles, as an assistant-keeper in

zoology Zoology ()The pronunciation of zoology as is usually regarded as nonstandard, though it is not uncommon. is the branch of biology that studies the Animal, animal kingdom, including the anatomy, structure, embryology, evolution, Biological clas ...

and as an assistant-librarian in 1879.

Work

He also published articles on spiders of

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

, the Galápagos,

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

, and other places. In 1859, he described the

Deana ''Deana'' is a monotypic moth genus of the family Crambidae described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1859. It contains only one species, ''Deana hybreasalis'', which is endemic to New Zealand. The larvae feed on various liana species, including ...

moth.

Bibliography

Entomology

*"Monograph of the species of ''

Charaxes The rajah and pasha butterflies, also known as emperors in Africa and Australia, (genus ''Charaxes'') make up the huge type genus of the brush-footed butterfly subfamily Charaxinae, or leafwing butterflies. They belong to the tribe Charaxini, ...

'', a genus of diurnal Lepidoptera". ''Proceedings of the

Zoological Society of London The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats. It was founded in 1826. Since 1828, it has maintained the London Zoo, and since 1931 Whipsnade Park. History On 29 ...

'' 1865:622–639 (1866) *''Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera of the Family Satyridae in the Collection of the British Museum'' (1868) *''Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera Described by Fabricius in the Collection of the British Museum'' (1870) *''Lepidoptera Exotica, or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera'' (1869–1874) *''A list of the spiders of the genus Acrosoma, with descriptions of new species'' (1873) *''Tropical Butterflies and Moths'' (1873) *''Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of New Zealand'' (1874) *''The butterflies of Malacca'' (1879). *"Catalogue of the Butterflies of New Zealand" (1880) *With

Herbert Druce Herbert Druce, FLS (14 July 1846, in London – 11 April 1913, in London) was an English entomologist. His collections were acquired by Frederick DuCane Godman (1834–1919), Osbert Salvin (1835–1898), and James John Joicey (1870–1932) b ...

(1846–1913), "Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Lepidoptera from Costa Rica". ''Cistula entomologica'', 1: 95–118 (1872). *"On a Collection of Lepidoptera from Southern Africa, with Descriptions of New Genera and Species" ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' (4) 16 (96): 394–420 (1875) *"Descriptions of Some New Lepidoptera from Kilima-njaro" ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1888: 91–98 (1888) *"On Two Collection of Lepidoptera Sent by H. H. Johnston, Esq., C.B., From British Central Africa" ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1893: 643–684, pl. 60 (1894) *"Description of a New Species of Butterfly of the Genus ''Amauris'' Obtained by Mr. Scott Elliot in East Central Africa" ''Annals and Magazine of Natural History'' (6) 16 (91): 122–123 (1895) *On Lepidoptera recently collected in British East Africa by Mr. G. F. Scott Elliot ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1895: 722–742, pl. 42–43 (1896) *"On Two Collections of Lepidoptera Made by Mr R. Crawshay in Nyasa-land" ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London'' 1896: 817–850, pl. 41–42 (1897)

Ornithology

* ''Foreign Birds for Cage and Aviary, Order Passeres'' (1896–1897) illustrated by

Frederick William Frohawk Frederick William Frohawk (16 July 1861 – 10 December 1946) was an England, English zoological artist and lepidopterist. Frohawk was the author of ''Natural History of British Butterflies'' (1914), ''The Complete Book of British Butterflies' ...

(1861–1946)
''Foreign Birds for Cage and Aviary''
(1910) *

References

Sources

* (p
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External links

on Butler on the website of

North Dakota State University North Dakota State University (NDSU, formally North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Sciences) is a public land-grant research university in Fargo, North Dakota. It was founded as North Dakota Agricultural College in 1890 as t ...

(NDSU)
Internet Archive
has digital copies of several works by Gardiner Butler. English zoologists Entomologists from London English lepidopterists 1844 births 1925 deaths Fellows of the Zoological Society of London People from Beckenham 19th-century British zoologists 20th-century British zoologists {{UK-entomologist-stub