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Papilio Gambrisius
''Papilio gambrisius'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Serang, Moluccas, Ambon Island, Seram and Buru. Subspecies *''Papilio gambrisius gambrisius'' (Serang, Ambon) *''Papilio gambrisius colossus'' Fruhstorfer, 1899 (Ceram) *''Papilio gambrisius buruanus'' Rothschild, 1897 (Buru) Taxonomy ''Papilio gambrisius'' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species-group. The clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *'' Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? '' Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, 777/small> *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi ''Papilio woodfordi'', the Woodford's swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly of the Papilioninae subfamily. It is found on various islands in the Pacific Ocean (see Subspecies section). The wingspan is . The larvae feed on ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pieter Cramer
Pieter Cramer (21 May 1721 (baptized) – 28 September 1776), was a wealthy Dutch merchant in linen and Spanish wool, remembered as an entomologist. Cramer was the director of the Zealand Society, a scientific society located in Flushing, and a member of ''Concordia et Libertate'', based in Amsterdam. This literary and patriotic society, where Cramer gave lectures on minerals, commissioned and/or financed the publishing of his book ''De uitlandsche Kapellen'', on foreign (exotic) butterflies, occurring in three parts of the world Asia, Africa and America. Cramer assembled an extensive natural history collection that included seashells, petrifications, fossils and insects of all orders. Many were colourful butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera), collected in countries where the Dutch had colonial or trading links, such as Surinam, Ceylon, Sierra Leone and the Dutch East Indies. Cramer decided to get a permanent record of his collection and so engaged the painter Gerrit Wartenaar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cladistics
Cladistics (; ) is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups (" clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry. The evidence for hypothesized relationships is typically shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies'')'' that are not present in more distant groups and ancestors. However, from an empirical perspective, common ancestors are inferences based on a cladistic hypothesis of relationships of taxa whose character states can be observed. Theoretically, a last common ancestor and all its descendants constitute a (minimal) clade. Importantly, all descendants stay in their overarching ancestral clade. For example, if the terms ''worms'' or ''fishes'' were used within a ''strict'' cladistic framework, these terms would include humans. Many of these terms are normally used paraphyletically, outside of cladistics, e.g. as a 'grade', which are fruitless to precisely delineate, especially when including extinct species. R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Woodfordi
''Papilio woodfordi'', the Woodford's swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly of the Papilioninae subfamily. It is found on various islands in the Pacific Ocean (see Subspecies section). The wingspan is . The larvae feed on ''Citrus'' species. Subspecies *''Papilio woodfordi woodfordi'' (Bougainville, Shortland Islands) *''Papilio woodfordi choiseuli'' Rothschild (Choiseul) *''Papilio woodfordi laarchus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 (New Georgia Group) *''Papilio woodfordi ariel'' Grose-Smith, 1889 (Santa Isabel) Taxonomy ''Papilio woodfordi'' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species group. The Cladistics, clade members are: *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *''Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? ''Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, [1777] *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 External links Bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Weymeri
''Papilio weymeri'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly in the Papilioninae subfamily that is Endemism, endemic to Papua New Guinea where it is found on Los Negros Island, Los Negros and Manus Islands. Description The species' males are long and are black in colour while females are and are brownish-black coloured. Both sexes have cream fringe spots but only females have orange-red eyespot and dark coloured scales. Taxonomy ''Papilio weymeri'' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species group. The Cladistics, clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *''Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? ''Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, [1777] *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 References *Ebner, J.A., 1971 Some notes on the Papilionidae of Manus Island, New Guinea 1971 ''Journal of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Tydeus
''Papilio tydeus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in the Moluccas (Batchian and Gilolo). Status Common and not threatened. Subspecies *''Papilio tydeus tydeus'' (Bachan, Ternate, Halmahera, Morotai) *''Papilio tydeus obiensis'' Rothschild, 1898 (Obi) Taxonomy ''Papilio tydeus'' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species-group. The clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *'' Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? '' Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *'' Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, 777/small> *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *'' Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 See also *Wallacea References tydeus Tydeus (; Ancient Greek: Τυδεύς ''Tūdeus'') was an Aetolian hero in Greek mythology, belonging to the generation before the Trojan War. He was one of the Seven against Thebes, and the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Ptolychus
''Papilio ptolychus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found on Guadalcanal and Florida Island. Description From Rothschild, 1895, Novit. Zool. 2 (3): 301 Male. Differs from P. laarchus (Godm. & Salv.) especially in the forewings having four white spots posteriorly close to the outer margin, besides the subapical white band, and in the band of the hindwings being as narrow as in P. bridgei Matthew. Some specimens have on the upperside of the hindwings a small, ochraceous, submarginal spot between the lower median nervules ; below, the series of submarginal spots is always complete, but the spots are often very feebly marked. Female. Similar to the male; the marginal spots to the forewings and the submarginal markings to the under surface of the hindwings are rather larger; above, the hindwings have three submarginal spots in my single example. Hab. Solomon Islands: Guadalcanar Island From Godman and Salvin Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (6) 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Inopinatus
''Papilio inopinatus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found in Romang, Babar, Damar and Tanimbar. Description The original description in Butler, 1883; '' Proc. zool. Soc. Lond''. 1883 : 370, reads Allied to P. adrastus of Felder, from Ceram and New Guinea; but the male with a broad oblique subapical white belt, which does not quite reach the outer margin and is cut by the black nervures; the fascia on the secondaries narrower, formed more nearly as in the Australian P. aegeus, with zigzag outer edge, but of more uniform width throughout than in that species, and of a sordid cream-colour; a scarlet spot near the anal angle, well separated from the central fascia. The female differs in the whiter and oblique belt across the primaries, the inner edge of which is not so deeply zigzag, and therefore is not augulated as in the allied species, and the outer half toward apex suffused with grey so as greatly to reduce its width; secondaries wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Erskinei
''Papilio erskinei'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly from the genus ''Papilio'' that is found on Ugi Island. Taxonomy Formerly ranked as a subspecies of '' Papilio bridgei''. This was revised by Tennent, W.J. (1999).Tennent, W.J. 1999. Notes on some Solomon Islands Papilio Linnaeus, with descriptions of four new subspecies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). ''Nachrichten des Entomologischen Vereins Apollo., N.F.'', 20 (2): 207-230. ''Papilio erskinei '' is a member of the ''aegeus'' species-group. The clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *'' Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? ''Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, 777/small> *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepelt, 1914 *''Papilio woodfordi ''Papilio woodfordi'', the Woodford's swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly of the Papilioninae subfamily. It is found on various i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Bridgei
''Papilio bridgei'' is a swallowtail butterfly of the Papilioninae subfamily. It is found on various islands in the Solomons group. It is not threatened. The wingspan is . The larvae feed on ''Citrus'' species. Subspecies *''Papilio bridgei bridgei'' (Bougainville, Choiseul, Santa Isabel, Shortland, Treasury Islands, Fauro Islands) *''Papilio bridgei ortegae'' Rothschild, 1904 (Florida Islands) *''Papilio bridgei hecataeus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 (Guadalcanal) *''Papilio bridgei tryoni'' Mathew, 1889 (Ugi, San Cristobal) *''Papilio bridgei prospero'' Grose-Smith, 1889 (New Georgia Islands) Taxonomy ''Papilio bridgei'' is a member of the aegeus species-group . The clade members are *''Papilio aegeus'' Donovan, 1805 *''Papilio bridgei'' Mathew, 1886 ** ? ''Papilio erskinei'' Mathew, 1886 *''Papilio gambrisius'' Cramer, 777/small> *''Papilio inopinatus'' Butler, 1883 *''Papilio ptolychus'' Godman & Salvin, 1888 *''Papilio tydeus'' C. & R. Felder, 1860 *''Papilio weymeri'' Niepe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Papilio Aegeus
''Papilio aegeus'', the orchard swallowtail butterfly or large citrus butterfly is a species of butterfly from the family Papilionidae, that is found in eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. The larvae of this species are sometimes considered a pest, due to their feeding on citrus leaves in suburban gardens. Description Both male and female have black forewings with a white stripe, though there is more white overall on the female forewing. The hindwing is again black, and there is a white swath through the middle. Here the markings differ in that the female has chains of red to orange and blue crescents toward the edge. The markings on the underside are similar to those on top. The body is black. The wingspan is about in females and in males, making it rather large overall and the largest butterfly commonly seen in at least part of its range. Despite being a swallowtail, which group derives its name from the distinctive tails on the hindwing, this characteristic is entirely ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Group
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
