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Pachycormiformes
Pachycormiformes is an extinct order of marine ray-finned fish known from the Early Jurassic to the end of the Cretaceous. It only includes a single family, Pachycormidae. They were characterized by having serrated pectoral fins (though more recent studies demonstrated that fin shape diversity in this group was high), reduced pelvic fins and a bony rostrum. Their exact relations with other fish are unclear, but they are generally considered to be teleosteomorphs, more closely related to teleosts than to Holostei. Pachycormiformes are morphologically diverse, containing both tuna and swordfish-like carnivorous forms, as well as edentulous suspension-feeding forms, with the latter including the largest ray finned fish known to have existed, ''Leedsichthys,'' with an estimated maximum length of 16 metres. Synapomorphies Pachycormiformes are united by "a compound bone (rostrodermethmoid) forming the anterodorsal border of the mouth; a reduced coronoid process of the mandible; ab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachycormidae Assortment
Pachycormiformes is an extinct order of marine ray-finned fish known from the Early Jurassic to the end of the Cretaceous. It only includes a single family, Pachycormidae. They were characterized by having serrated pectoral fins (though more recent studies demonstrated that fin shape diversity in this group was high), reduced pelvic fins and a bony rostrum. Their exact relations with other fish are unclear, but they are generally considered to be teleosteomorphs, more closely related to teleosts than to Holostei. Pachycormiformes are morphologically diverse, containing both tuna and swordfish-like carnivorous forms, as well as edentulous suspension-feeding forms, with the latter including the largest ray finned fish known to have existed, ''Leedsichthys,'' with an estimated maximum length of 16 metres. Synapomorphies Pachycormiformes are united by "a compound bone (rostrodermethmoid) forming the anterodorsal border of the mouth; a reduced coronoid process of the mandible; a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pachycormus (fish)
''Pachycormus'' (from el, παχύς , 'thick' and el, κορμός 'timber log') is an extinct genus of pachycormiform ray-finned fish known from the Early Jurassic (Toarcian stage) of Europe. The type species ''P. macropterus'' was first named as a species of ''Elops'' by Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville in 1818, it was placed into the newly named genus ''Pachycormus'' by Louis Agassiz in 1833. Fossils have been found in marine deposits from France, Germany and England. ''Pachycormus'' has recently been considered monotypic, only containing ''P.'' ''macropterus,'' with other species considered junior synonyms of the former, though this has subsequently been questioned. ''Pachycormus'' has generally been considered basal among Pachycormiformes, with a recent phylogeny finding it to be the second most basal pachycormiform after ''Euthynotus ''Euthynotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leedsichthys
''Leedsichthys'' is an extinct genus of pachycormid fish that lived in the oceans of the Middle to Late Jurassic.Liston, JJ (2004). An overview of the pachycormiform ''Leedsichthys''. In: Arratia G and Tintori A (eds) Mesozoic Fishes 3 - Systematics, Paleoenvironments and Biodiversity. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München, pp 379–390. It is the largest ray-finned fish, and amongst the largest fish known to have ever existed. The first remains of ''Leedsichthys'' were identified in the nineteenth century. Especially important were the finds by the British collector Alfred Nicholson Leeds, after whom the genus was named "Leeds' fish" in 1889. The type species is ''Leedsichthys problematicus''. ''Leedsichthys'' fossils have been found in England, France, Germany and Chile. In 1999, based on the Chilean discoveries, a second species was named ''Leedsichthys notocetes'', but this was later shown to be indistinguishable from ''L. problematicus''. ''Leedsichthys'' fossils have been ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthocormus
''Orthocormus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric pachycormiform bony fish. It is known from three species found in Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) aged plattenkalk deposits in Bavaria, Germany. The species "'' Hypsocormus" tenuirostris'' Woodward 1889 from the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Oxford Clay is not closely related to the type species of ''Hypsocormus'', and is more closely related to ''Orthocormus'' + ''Protosphyraena'', and thus has sometimes been referred to in open nomenclature as ''Orthocormus? tenuirostris.'' See also * Prehistoric fish The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. The first fis ... * List of prehistoric bony fish References External links * Pachycormiformes {{Jurassic-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Euthynotus
''Euthynotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the early Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch. It is generally considered the basalmost pachycormiform. Species ''Euthynotus'' has two species classified within it: * ''Euthynotus incognitus'' Blainville, 1818 * ''Euthynotus intermedius'' Agassiz, 1839 See also * Prehistoric fish The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. The first fis ... * List of prehistoric bony fish References Early Jurassic fish Pachycormiformes Jurassic fish of Europe {{Jurassic-fish-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ohmdenia
''Ohmdenia'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived from the Toarcian stage of the Early Jurassic epoch. ''Ohmdenia'' was first described in 1953 by B. Hauff, based on a fossil found in the well-known Posidonia Shale in Holzmaden, Germany. For a long time this animal has been considered a close relative of '' Birgeria'', a great predator typical of the Triassic period with an uncertain systematic position. Further studies have shown similarities with the Pachycormiformes, a group considered close to the origin of teleosts and also including giant forms and planktives (e.g. ''Leedsichthys''). Some studies have erroneously indicated ''Ohmdenia'' as a synonym of ''Saurostomus'', other studies have instead placed ''Ohmdenia'' as an important evolutionary passage between the basal pachicormiforms and the more derived planktivore pachicormiformes.Romano, C. & Brinkmann, W. 2009 Reappraisal of the lower actinopterygian ''Birgeria stensioei'' Aldinger, 1931 (Osteichthy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonnerichthys
''Bonnerichthys'' is a genus of fossil fishes within the family Pachycormidae that lived during the Late Cretaceous Period Fossil remains of this taxon were first described from the Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Chalk Formation of Kansas (Late Coniacian-Early Campanian, about 87-81 million years ago), and additional material was later reported from the Pierre Shale, Mooreville Chalk, Demopolis Chalk, Wenonah Formation, and Moreno Formation, among other localities. It grew to around 6 m (20 ft) in length, substantially less than the related ''Leedsichthys'' from the Jurassic which likely grew up to 17 m (56 ft). Feeding One of the most significant features of ''Bonnerichthys'' is the recognition that it was a filter feeder, living on plankton. This recognition that many large-bodied fish from the Mesozoic in the Pachycormidae were filter feeders shows that this niche was filled for at least 100 million years before previously known. The modern niche is filled by several s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protosphyraena
''Protosphyraena'' is a fossil genus of swordfish-like marine fish, that thrived worldwide during the Upper Cretaceous Period (Coniacian-Maastrichtian). Though fossil remains of this taxon have been found in both Europe and Asia, it is perhaps best known from the Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Chalk Formation of Kansas (Late Coniacian-Early Campanian). ''Protosphyraena'' was a large fish, averaging 2–3 metres in length. ''Protosphyraena'' shared the Cretaceous oceans with aquatic reptiles, such as mosasaurs and plesiosaurs, as well as with many other species of extinct predatory fish. The name ''Protosphyraena'' is a combination of the Greek word ''protos'' ("early") plus '' Sphyraena'', the genus name for barracuda, as paleontologists initially mistook ''Protosphyraena'' for an ancestral barracuda. Recent research shows that the genus ''Protosphyraena'' is not at all related to the true swordfish-family Xiphiidae, but belongs to the extinct family Pachycormidae. Histor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauropsis
''Sauropsis'' (from el, σαῦρος , 'lizard' and el, ὄψῐς 'looking') is an extinct genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nom ... of prehistoric bony fish. See also * List of prehistoric bony fish genera References External links Bony fish in the online Sepkoski Database Pachycormiformes Taxa named by Louis Agassiz {{Pachycormiformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fishes, is a class of bony fish. They comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. The ray-finned fishes are so called because their fins are webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines (rays), as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize the class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish). These actinopterygian fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the link or connection between these fins and the internal skeleton (e.g., pelvic and pectoral girdles). By species count, actinopterygians dominate the vertebrates, and they constitute nearly 99% of the over 30,000 species of fish. They are ubiquitous throughout freshwater and marine environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams. Extant species can range in size from ''Paedocypris'', at , to the massive ocean sunfish, at , and the long-bodied oarfish, at . The vast majority of Actinop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pseudoasthenocormus
''Pseudoasthenocormus'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Pachycormidae. It contains one species, ''P. retrodorsalis''. It lived during the upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian– Tithonian, about 152–148 million years ago) and its fossil remains have been found in Germany.Eastman, C. R. (1914). Catalog of the fossil fishes in the Carnegie Museum. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum. Vol. VI. No. 7. Description Large in size, this fish easily exceeded one metre in length. Like many other similar genera, ''Pseudoasthenocormus'' possessed a robust and compact body, although generally more slender than '' Asthenocormus''. As indicated by the specific epithet, the dorsal fin is set back, originating just behind the anal, and is much shorter than the latter. The dorsal fin is composed of a few rays, which decrease in size posteriorly. The anal fin has become independent, with the rays (about 30) starting almost vertically from the haemal arches. The palate was equippe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teleosteomorpha
Neopterygii (from Greek νέος ''neos'' 'new' and πτέρυξ ''pteryx'' 'fin') is a subclass of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). Neopterygii includes the Holostei and the Teleostei, of which the latter comprise the vast majority of extant fishes, and over half of all living vertebrate species. While living holosteans include only freshwater taxa, teleosts are diverse in both freshwater and marine environments. Many new species of teleosts are scientifically described each year. Fossil evidence for crown group neopterygians goes back at least 251 million years to the Induan stage of the Early Triassic epoch, however, one study incorporating morphological data from fossils and molecular data from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, places this divergence date at least 284 mya (million years ago), during the Artinskian stage of the Early Permian. Another study suggests an even earlier split (360 myr ago, near the Devonian- Carboniferous boundary). Evolution and diversity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
