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PPP1CA
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1CA'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a serine/threonine specific protein phosphatase known to be involved in the regulation of a variety of cellular processes, such as cell division, glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility, protein synthesis, and HIV-1 viral transcription. Increased PP1 activity has been observed in the end stage of heart failure. Studies in both human and mice suggest that PP1 is an important regulator of cardiac function. Mouse studies also suggest that PP1 functions as a suppressor of learning and memory. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Interactive pathway map Interactions PPP1CA has been shown to interact with: * AKAP11, * BCL2-like 1, * BCL2L2, * BRCA1, * CDC5L, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Phosphatase 1
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) belongs to a certain class of phosphatases known as protein serine/threonine phosphatases. This type of phosphatase includes metal-dependent protein phosphatases (PPMs) and aspartate-based phosphatases. PP1 has been found to be important in the control of glycogen metabolism, muscle contraction, cell progression, neuronal activities, splicing of RNA, mitosis, cell division, apoptosis, protein synthesis, and regulation of membrane receptors and channels. Structure Each PP1 enzyme contains both a catalytic subunit and at least one regulatory subunit. The catalytic subunit consists of a 30-kD single-domain protein that can form complexes with other regulatory subunits. The catalytic subunit is highly conserved among all eukaryotes, thus suggesting a common catalytic mechanism. The catalytic subunit can form complexes with various regulatory subunits. These regulatory subunits play an important role in substrate specificity as well as compartmentalizatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LMTK2
Serine/threonine-protein kinase LMTK2 also known as Lemur tyrosine kinase 2 (LMTK2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''LMTK2'' gene. Function The LMTK2 enzyme belongs to both the protein kinase and the tyrosine kinase families. It contains N-terminus transmembrane helices and a long C-terminal cytoplasmic tail with serine/threonine kinase activity. This protein interacts with several other proteins, such as androgen receptor, inhibitor-2 (Inh2), protein phosphatase-1 ( PP1C), p35, and myosin VI. It phosphorylates other proteins, and is itself also phosphorylated when interacting with cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5)/ p35 complex. This protein is involved in nerve growth factor ( NGF)-TrkA signalling, and also plays a critical role in endosomal membrane trafficking. Mouse studies suggested an essential role of this protein in spermatogenesis. Clinical significance Loss of LMTK2 has been implicated to play a role in development of prostate cancer. Interactions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein Kinase R
Protein kinase RNA-activated also known as protein kinase R (PKR), interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, or eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''EIF2AK2'' gene. PKR protects against viral infections. Mechanism of action Protein kinase-R is activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), introduced to the cells by a viral infection. PKR can also be activated by the protein PACT or by heparin. PKR contains an N-terminal dsRNA binding domain (dsRBD) and a C-terminal kinase domain, that gives it pro-apoptotic (cell-killing) functions. The dsRBD consists of two tandem copies of a conserved double stranded RNA binding motif, dsRBM1 and dsRBM2. PKR is induced by interferon in a latent state. Binding to dsRNA is believed to activate PKR by inducing dimerization and subsequent auto-phosphorylation reactions. In situations of viral infection, the dsRNA created by viral replication and g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KvLQT1
Kv7.1 (KvLQT1) is a potassium channel protein whose primary subunit in humans is encoded by the ''KCNQ1'' gene. Kv7.1 is a voltage and lipid-gated potassium channel present in the cell membranes of cardiac tissue and in inner ear neurons among other tissues. In the cardiac cells, Kv7.1 mediates the IKs (or slow delayed rectifying K+) current that contributes to the repolarization of the cell, terminating the cardiac action potential and thereby the heart's contraction. It is a member of the KCNQ family of potassium channels. Structure KvLQT1 is made of six membrane-spanning domains S1-S6, two intracellular domains, and a pore loop. The KvLQT1 channel is made of four KCNQ1 subunits, which form the actual ion channel. Function This gene encodes a protein for a voltage-gated potassium channel required for the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. The gene product can form heteromultimers with two other potassium channel proteins, KCNE1 and KCNE3. The ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP1R9B
Neurabin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1R9B'' gene. Spinophilin is a regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit (PP1; see MIM 176875) and is highly enriched in dendritic spines, specialized protrusions from dendritic shafts that receive most of the excitatory input in the central nervous system (Allen et al., 1997). upplied by OMIMref name="entrez"/> Interactions PPP1R9B has been shown to interact with PPP1CB, PPP1CA, Dopamine receptor D2, P16, PPP1CC, T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 T-cell lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''TIAM1'' gene. Structure TIAM1 is tightly associate with BAIAP2 as a subunit. It contains one DH (DBL-homology) domain, one PDZ domain, ... and PPP1R2. References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{gene-17-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP1R8
Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1R8'' gene. This gene, through alternative splicing, encodes three different isoforms. Two of the protein isoforms encoded by this gene are specific inhibitors of type 1 serine/threonine protein phosphatases and can bind but not cleave RNA. The third protein isoform lacks the phosphatase inhibitory function but is a single-strand endoribonuclease comparable to RNase E of E. coli. This isoform requires magnesium for its function and cleaves specific sites in A+U-rich regions of RNA. Interactions PPP1R8 has been shown to interact with PPP1CA, Histone deacetylase 2, SF3B1 EED and the EZH2 domain of PRC2 PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2) is one of the two classes of polycomb-group proteins or (PcG). The other component of this group of proteins is PRC1 (Polycomb Repressive Complex 1). This complex has histone methyltransferase activity and pr .... References Further reading * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PPP1R15A
Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A also known as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD34 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1R15A'' gene. The Gadd34/MyD116 gene was originally discovered as a member in a set of gadd and MyD mammalian genes encoding acidic proteins that synergistically suppress cell growth. Later on it has been characterized as a gene playing a role in ER stress-induced cell death, being a target of ATF4 that plays a role in ER-mediated cell death via promoting protein dephosphorylation of eIF2α and reversing translational inhibition. Function This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The induction of this gene by ionizing radiation occurs in certain cell lines regardless of p53 status, and its protein response is correlated with apoptosis following ionizing radiation. Interactions PPP1R15A has bee ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
PHACTR3
Phosphatase and actin regulator 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PHACTR3'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is associated with the nuclear scaffold in proliferating cells. It was found to bind to the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) and inhibit PP1 activity, suggesting that this protein may function as a regulatory subunit of PP1. Alternative splicing at this locus results in several transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Interactions PHACTR3 has been shown to interact with PPP1CA Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1CA'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP .... References Further reading * * * {{gene-20-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CDC5L
Cell division cycle 5-like protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CDC5L'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene shares a significant similarity with ''Schizosaccharomyces pombe'' cdc5 gene product, which is a cell cycle regulator important for G2/ M transition. This protein has been demonstrated to act as a positive regulator of cell cycle G2/M progression. It was also found to be an essential component of a non-snRNA spliceosome, which contains at least five additional protein factors and is required for the second catalytic step of pre-mRNA splicing. Interactions CDC5L has been shown to interact with: * ASF/SF2, * BZW1, * CWC15, * DNA-PKcs, * DYNC1H1, * GCN1L1, * HSPA8, * ILF2, * PLRG1, * PPM1D, * PPP1CA, * PRPF19, * RBMX and * RPL12, * RPL13, * RPS16, * RPS25, * SF3A1, * SF3B1, * SF3B2, * SF3B4, * SFPQ, * SFRS2, * SNRPA1, * SNRPD3, * SRRM1, * Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1, * Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D2, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Host Cell Factor C1
Host cell factor 1 (HCFC1, HCF1, or HCF-1), also known as VP16-accessory protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''HCFC1'' gene. Structure HCF1 is a member of the highly conserved host cell factor family and encodes a protein with five Kelch repeats, a fibronectin-like motif, and six HCF repeats, each of which contains a highly specific cleavage signal. This nuclear transcription coregulator is proteolytically cleaved at one or more of the six possible sites, resulting in the creation of an N-terminal chain and the corresponding C-terminal chain. The final form of this protein consists of noncovalently bound N- and C-terminal chains which interact through electrostatic forces. Function HCF1 is involved in control of the cell cycle as well as having regulatory roles in a multitude of processes related to transcription. Additionally, work in model organisms point to HCF1 as being a putative longevity determinant. Alternatively spliced variants that encode di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BRCA1
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BRCA1'' () gene. Orthologs are common in other vertebrate species, whereas invertebrate genomes may encode a more distantly related gene. ''BRCA1'' is a human tumor suppressor gene (also known as a caretaker gene) and is responsible for repairing DNA. ''BRCA1'' and '' BRCA2'' are unrelated proteins, but both are normally expressed in the cells of breast and other tissue, where they help repair damaged DNA, or destroy cells if DNA cannot be repaired. They are involved in the repair of chromosomal damage with an important role in the error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks. If ''BRCA1'' or ''BRCA2'' itself is damaged by a BRCA mutation, damaged DNA is not repaired properly, and this increases the risk for breast cancer. ''BRCA1'' and ''BRCA2'' have been described as "breast cancer susceptibility genes" and "breast cancer susceptibility proteins". The predominant allele has a normal, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BCL2L2
Bcl-2-like protein 2 is a 193-amino acid protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BCL2L2'' gene on chromosome 14 (band q11.2-q12). It was originally discovered by Leonie Gibson, Suzanne Cory and colleagues at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, who called it Bcl-w. Function This gene encodes a pro-survival (anti-apoptotic) member of the bcl-2 protein family, and is most similar to Bcl-xL. The proteins of this family form hetero- or homodimers and act as anti- and pro-apoptotic regulators. Expression of this gene in cells has been shown to contribute to reduced cell apoptosis under cytotoxic conditions. Studies of the related gene in mice indicated a role in the survival of NGF- and BDNF-dependent neurons. Mutation and knockout studies of the mouse gene demonstrated an essential role in adult spermatogenesis. Clinical significance High levels of Bcl-w are seen in many cancers, including glioblastoma, colorectal cancer, non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
