Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A also known as growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD34 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1R15A''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
The Gadd34/MyD116 gene was originally discovered as a member in a set of gadd and MyD mammalian genes encoding acidic proteins that synergistically suppress cell growth.
Later on it has been characterized as a gene playing a role in
ER stress-induced cell death, being a target of
ATF4
Activating transcription factor 4 (tax-responsive enhancer element B67), also known as ATF4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ATF4'' gene.
Function
This gene encodes a transcription factor that was originally identified as a wi ...
that plays a role in ER-mediated cell death via promoting protein
dephosphorylation
In biochemistry, dephosphorylation is the removal of a phosphate (PO43−) group from an organic compound by hydrolysis. It is a reversible post-translational modification. Dephosphorylation and its counterpart, phosphorylation, activate and deac ...
of
eIF2
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 (eIF2) is an eukaryotic initiation factor. It is required for most forms of eukaryotic translation initiation. eIF2 mediates the binding of tRNAiMet to the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner. eIF2 is a heterotrimer c ...
α and reversing translational inhibition.
Function
This gene is a member of a group of genes whose transcript levels are increased following stressful growth arrest conditions and treatment with DNA-damaging agents. The induction of this gene by ionizing radiation occurs in certain cell lines regardless of
p53
p53, also known as Tumor protein P53, cellular tumor antigen p53 (UniProt name), or transformation-related protein 53 (TRP53) is a regulatory protein that is often mutated in human cancers. The p53 proteins (originally thought to be, and often s ...
status, and its protein response is correlated with apoptosis following ionizing radiation.
Interactions
PPP1R15A has been shown to
interact
Advocates for Informed Choice, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex traits. The organizati ...
with:
*
BAG1
BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BAG1'' gene.
Function
The oncogene BCL2 is a membrane protein that blocks a step in a pathway leading to apoptosis or programmed cell death. The protein ...
[
* LYN,][
* ]PPP1CA
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1CA'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP ...
,[
* ]PPP1CB
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1CB'' gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). PP1 is a serine/ ...
,PPP1CC
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PPP1CC'' gene.
Interactions
PPP1CC has been shown to interact with PPP1R15A, SMARCB1, TLX1 and PPP1R9B
Neurabin-2 is a protein that ...
,[
* ]SMARCB1
SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SMARCB1'' gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is part of a complex that relieves repressiv ...
,[ and
* TSN.]
References
Further reading
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