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Pyura Pachydermatina
''Pyura pachydermatina'' is a sea tulip, a solitary species of tunicate in the suborder Stolidobranchia. It is native to shallow waters around New Zealand. Description ''Pyura pachydermatina'' has a club-shaped body supported by a long stalk, both being covered by a tough exterior tunic. In colour it is off-white or a garish shade of reddish-purple. The stalk is two thirds to three quarters the length of the whole animal which helps distinguish it from certain invasive tunicates not native to New Zealand such as ''Styela clava'' and '' Pyura stolonifera''. It is one of the largest species of tunicates and can grow to over a metre (yard) in length. Distribution and habitat ''Pyura pachydermatina'' is found attached to rocks in shallow, wave-swept areas of the seas around New Zealand. It is a filter feeder. It is usually found subtidally and prefers cooler waters than does ''Pyura stolonifera''. Biology ''Pyura pachydermatina'' has a lifespan of about one year. It breeds in the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunicate
A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata (). It is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time called Urochordata, and the term urochordates is still sometimes used for these animals. They are the only chordates that have lost their myomeric segmentation, with the possible exception of the 'seriation of the gill slits'. Some tunicates live as solitary individuals, but others replicate by budding and become colonies, each unit being known as a zooid. They are marine filter feeders with a water-filled, sac-like body structure and two tubular openings, known as siphons, through which they draw in and expel water. During their respiration and feeding, they take in water through the incurrent (or inhalant) siphon and expel the filtered water through the excurrent (or exhalant) siphon. Most adult tunicates are sessile, immobile and perman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stolidobranchia
Stolidobranchia is an order of tunicates in the class Ascidiacea.Lambert, G.; Gittenberger, A.; Sanamyan, K. (2015)Stolidobranchia.In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23 The group includes both colonial and solitary animals. They are distinguished from other tunicates by the presence of folded pharyngeal baskets. This provides the etymology of their name: in ancient Greek, means the "fold" of a cloth. Stolidobranchian sea squirts are also characterized by the complete absence of an abdomen. The abdominal organs of other tunicates are instead located to one side of the pharyngeal basket in this group. Taxonomy *Molgulidae Lacaze-Duthiers 1877 exacrobylidae Seeliger 1906; Caesiridae**''Anomopera'' Hartmeyer, 1923 **''Asajirus'' Kott, 1989 'Hexadactylus'' Monniot & Monniot 1990**''Bostrichobranchus'' Traustedt, 1883 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Invasive Species
An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species adversely affect habitats and bioregions, causing ecological, environmental, and/or economic damage. The term can also be used for native species that become harmful to their native environment after human alterations to its food webfor example the purple sea urchin (''Strongylocentrotus purpuratus'') which has decimated kelp forests along the northern California coast due to overharvesting of its natural predator, the California sea otter (''Enhydra lutris''). Since the 20th century, invasive species have become a serious economic, social, and environmental threat. Invasion of long-established ecosystems by organisms is a natural phenomenon, but human-facilitated introductions have greatly increased the rate, scale, and geographic range of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Styela Clava
''Styela clava'' is a solitary, subtidal ascidian tunicate. It has a variety of common names such as the stalked sea squirt, clubbed tunicate, Asian tunicate, leathery sea squirt, or rough sea squirt. As its common names suggest, ''S. clava'' is club-shaped with an elongated oval body and a long peduncle for attaching to a substrate. Although native to the northwestern waters of the Pacific Ocean, since the 1900s, ''S. clava'' has become an increasingly successful invasive species outside of its native range. It is edible. Morphology ''S. clava'' is a solitary tunicate. Including both the club-shaped body and peduncle, larger specimen of ''S. clava'' can have a maximum length of around 130 mm (5.1 in) and smaller specimen only reaching 30 mm (1.2 in) in length. Smaller specimen tend to have no distinct peduncle. As described by some of its common names, ''S. clava'' has a tough, wrinkled or irregularly grooved skin and comes in two variations of color depe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyura Stolonifera
''Pyura'' is a large genus of sessile ascidians that live in coastal waters at depths of up to 80 m (260 feet). Like all ascidians, ''Pyura'' are filter feeders. A few species, including Pyura chilensis are commercially fished. Species Species in this genus include * '' Pyura abradata'' (Kott, 1985) * '' Pyura ambonensis'' (Millar, 1975) * '' Pyura antillarum'' (Van Name, 1921) * '' Pyura arenosa'' (Herdman, 1882) * '' Pyura aripuensis'' (Herdman, 1906) * '' Pyura australis'' (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834) * '' Pyura baliensis'' (Millar, 1975) * '' Pyura bouvetensis'' (Michaelsen, 1904) * '' Pyura breviramosa'' (Sluiter, 1904) * '' Pyura cadamostoi'' (Monniot, 1994) * '' Pyura camranica'' ( Vorontsova & Cole, 1995) * '' Pyura cancellata'' (Brewin, 1946) * '' Pyura capensis'' (Hartmeyer) * ''Pyura carnea'' (Brewin, 1948) * '' Pyura chilensis'' (Molina, 1782) * '' Pyura columna'' (Monniot & Monniot, 1991) * ''Pyura comma'' (Hartmeyer, 1906) * ''Pyura confragosa'' (Kott, 1985) * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nemertea
Nemertea is a phylum of animals also known as ribbon worms or proboscis worms, consisting of 1300 known species. Most ribbon worms are very slim, usually only a few millimeters wide, although a few have relatively short but wide bodies. Many have patterns of yellow, orange, red and green coloration. The foregut, stomach and intestine run a little below the midline of the body, the anus is at the tip of the tail, and the mouth is under the front. A little above the gut is the rhynchocoel, a cavity which mostly runs above the midline and ends a little short of the rear of the body. All species have a proboscis which lies in the rhynchocoel when inactive but everts to emerge just above the mouth to capture the animal's prey with venom. A highly extensible muscle in the back of the rhynchocoel pulls the proboscis in when an attack ends. A few species with stubby bodies filter feed and have suckers at the front and back ends, with which they attach to a host. The brain is a rin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gononemertes Australiensis
''Gononemertes australiensis'' is a parasitic ribbon worm. It lives commensally in the ascidian ''Pyura pachydermatina'' found in the sublittoral waters of the New Zealand. ''G. australiensis'' was found in specimens of ''P. pachydermatina'' collected in Sydney harbor. These worms were found specifically in the atrium of ''P. pachydermatina''. It is dioecious and has several gonads. Each of its gonads produce several oocytes while the male worms carry testes along its parenchyma. Fertilization Fertilisation or fertilization (see spelling differences), also known as generative fertilisation, syngamy and impregnation, is the fusion of gametes to give rise to a new individual organism or offspring and initiate its development. Proce ... is external. Notes References Prosorhochmidae Animals described in 1974 {{Nemertean-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insulin
Insulin (, from Latin ''insula'', 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the ''INS'' gene. It is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood into liver, fat and skeletal muscle cells. In these tissues the absorbed glucose is converted into either glycogen via glycogenesis or fats (triglycerides) via lipogenesis, or, in the case of the liver, into both. Glucose production and secretion by the liver is strongly inhibited by high concentrations of insulin in the blood. Circulating insulin also affects the synthesis of proteins in a wide variety of tissues. It is therefore an anabolic hormone, promoting the conversion of small molecules in the blood into large molecules inside the cells. Low insulin levels in the blood have the opposite effect by promoting widespread catabolism, especially o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Immunology
Immunology is a branch of medicineImmunology for Medical Students, Roderick Nairn, Matthew Helbert, Mosby, 2007 and biology that covers the medical study of immune systems in humans, animals, plants and sapient species. In such we can see there is a difference of human immunology and comparative immunology in veterinary medicine and animal biosciences. Immunology measures, uses charts and differentiate in context in medicine the studies of immunity on cell and molecular level, and the immune system as part of the physiological level as its functioning is of major importance. In the different states of both health, occurring symptoms and diseases; the functioning of the immune system and immunological responses such as autoimmune diseases, allergic hypersensitivities, or in some cases malfunctioning of immune system as for example in immunological disorders or in immune deficiency, and the specific transplant rejection) Immunology has applications in numerous disciplines of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spicule , wart-shaped outgrowths of body tissue
{{Disambiguation ...
Spicules are any of various small needle-like anatomical structures occurring in organisms Spicule may also refer to: *Spicule (sponge), small skeletal elements of sea sponges *Spicule (nematode), reproductive structures found in male nematodes (roundworms) *Spicule (solar physics), jets of solar material from the Sun * Spicule (glass manufacture), glass flakes formed in the production of glass vials. See also *Ossicle, any various small bones *Process (anatomy), any outgrowths of tissue *Sclerite, hardened body parts of invertebrates *Spikelet, the inflorescence of grasses *Stylet (anatomy), a piercing structure *Tubercle In anatomy, a tubercle (literally 'small tuber', Latin for 'lump') is any round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal. In plants A tubercle is generally a wart-like projection ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calcite
Calcite is a Carbonate minerals, carbonate mineral and the most stable Polymorphism (materials science), polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). It is a very common mineral, particularly as a component of limestone. Calcite defines hardness 3 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, based on Scratch hardness, scratch hardness comparison. Large calcite crystals are used in optical equipment, and limestone composed mostly of calcite has numerous uses. Other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite over timescales of days or less at temperatures exceeding 300 °C, and vaterite is even less stable. Etymology Calcite is derived from the German ''Calcit'', a term from the 19th century that came from the Latin word for Lime (material), lime, ''calx'' (genitive calcis) with the suffix "-ite" used to name minerals. It is thus etymologically related to chalk. When applied by archaeology, archaeologists and stone trade pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
