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Pyramides (Paris Métro)
Pyramides station () is a station on lines 7 and 14 of the Paris Métro. Location The Pyramides metro station is located halfway between the Palais Garnier and the Comédie-Française theatre. The line passes under Avenue de l'Opéra and under the tunnel of line 7. History The station was opened on 1 July 1916 during the extension of line 7 from Opéra to Palais-Royal. Due to the shortage of earthenware linked to the First World War, the station was temporarily equipped with a simple masonry coating. In the 1990s, the secondary station became a transfer station as part of the Line 14 project. A new connection hall was set up on the south side, above the tracks of line 7. The station for line 14 opened with the rest of the line on 15 October 1998. It is named after the Rue des Pyramides, which commemorates the victory in 1798 of Napoleon's Armée d'Orient over the Mamluks of Murad Bey in the Battle of the Pyramids in Egypt. In 2020, with the COVID-19 crisis, 3,048,580 passen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avenue De L'Opéra
The Avenue de l'Opéra () was created from 1864 to 1879 as part of Haussmann's renovation of Paris. It is situated in the center of the city, running northwest from the Louvre to the Palais Garnier, the primary opera house of Paris (until the opening of the Opéra Bastille in 1989). Description The Avenue de l'Opéra was an important thoroughfare in Haussmann's traffic scheme, since it linked the Rue de Rivoli at the Louvre to the ''grands boulevards'' near the Opéra and gave better access to the wealthy neighbourhoods being developed at that time in northwest Paris. It had the additional advantage that the demolition required for its construction cleared the area between the Louvre and the grand boulevards, which had been occupied by a slum district, dense with poor-quality housing and numerous narrow streets, that was considered unhealthy and dangerous.Ayers 2004, p. 176. At the avenue's northwest end, in front of the opera house, is the Place de l'Opéra. Besides providing a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mamluk
Mamluk or Mamaluk (; (singular), , ''mamālīk'' (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties, serving the ruling Arab and Ottoman dynasties in the Muslim world. The most enduring Mamluk realm was the knightly military class in medieval Egypt, which developed from the ranks of slave-soldiers. Originally the Mamluks were slaves of Turkic origins from the Eurasian Steppe, but the institution of military slavery spread to include Circassians, Abkhazians, Georgians, Armenians, Russians, and Hungarians, as well as peoples from the Balkans such as Albanians, Greeks, and South Slavs (''see'' Saqaliba). They also recruited from the Egyptians. The "Mamluk/Ghulam Phenomenon", as David Ayalon dubbed the creation of the specific warrior class, was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Métro Stations In The 1st Arrondissement Of Paris
Paris () is the capital and largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the fourth-most populous city in the European Union and the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, fashion, and gastronomy. Because of its leading role in the arts and sciences and its early adoption of extensive street lighting, Paris became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region, or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or about 19% of the population of France. The Paris Region had a nominal GDP of €765 billion (US$1.064 trillion when adjusted for PPP) in 2021, the highest in the European Union. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Tissinier
Jacques or Jacq are believed to originate from the Middle Ages in the historic northwest Brittany region in France, and have since spread around the world over the centuries. To date, there are over one hundred identified noble families related to the surname by the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland. Origins The origin of this surname comes from the Latin ' Iacobus', associated with the biblical patriarch Jacob. Ancient history A French knight returning from the Crusades in the Holy Lands probably adopted the surname from "Saint Jacques" (or "James the Greater"). James the Greater was one of Jesus' Twelve Apostles, and is believed to be the first martyred apostle. Being endowed with this surname was an honor at the time and it is likely that the Church allowed it because of acts during the Crusades. Indeed, at this time, the use of biblical, Christian, or Hebrew names and surnames became very popular, and entered the European lexicon. Robert J., a Knight Crusader ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parisine
Parisine is a typeface that was created by Jean-François Porchez and is distributed by Typofonderie. The typeface is used in Paris Métro, tramways and buses and the parts of RER parts that are operated by the RATP Group in Île-de-France. In 2015, the Osaka City Subway in Japan adopted Parisine as the Latin-character component of its new signage system, which is gradually being introduced throughout its network. Parisine The font was originally developed in 1996 as a custom typeface in Bold and Bold Italic developed for the RATP to improve signage legibility and space economy. The design was based on the proportions of Helvetica Bold but is condensed at 90%. In 1999, the font was extended to a font family for multiple uses like communication material and maps. In 2000, hinted TrueType versions were added for internal corporate use. The name Parisine is a trademark of the RATP. Parisine Std Parisine Std is an OpenType variant of Parisine. A small caps version was produce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Platform Screen Doors
Platform screen doors (PSDs), also known as platform edge doors (PEDs), are used at some train, rapid transit and people mover stations to separate the platform from train tracks, as well as on some bus rapid transit, tram and light rail systems. Primarily used for passenger safety, they are a relatively new addition to many metro systems around the world, some having been retrofitted to established systems. They are widely used in newer Asian and European metro systems, and Latin American bus rapid transit systems. History The idea of platform edge doors dates from as early as 1908, when Charles S. Shute of Boston was granted a patent for "Safety fence and gate for railway-platforms". The invention consisted of "a fence for railway platform edges", composed of a series of pickets bolted to the platform edge, and vertically movable pickets that could retract into a platform edge when there was a train in the station. In 1917, Carl Albert West was granted a patent for " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Side Platform
A side platform (also known as a marginal platform or a single-face platform) is a platform positioned to the side of one or more railway tracks or guideways at a railway station, tram stop, or transitway. A station having dual side platforms, one for each direction of travel, is the basic design used for double-track railway lines (as opposed to, for instance, the island platform where a single platform lies between the tracks). Side platforms may result in a wider overall footprint for the station compared with an island platform, where a single width of platform can be shared by riders using either track. In some stations, the two side platforms are connected by a footbridge or tunnel to allow safe access to the alternate platform. While a pair of side platforms is often provided on a dual-track line, a single side platform is usually sufficient (trains are usually only boarded from one side) for a single-track line. Layout Where the station is close to a level crossing (g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Egypt
Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northern coast of Egypt, the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to Egypt–Israel barrier, the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to Egypt–Sudan border, the south, and Libya to Egypt–Libya border, the west; the Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital, list of cities and towns in Egypt, largest city, and leading cultural center, while Alexandria is the second-largest city and an important hub of industry and tourism. With over 109 million inhabitants, Egypt is the List of African countries by population, third-most populous country in Africa and List of countries and dependencies by population, 15th-most populated in the world. Egypt has one of the longest histories o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Pyramids
The Battle of the Pyramids (), also known as the Battle of Embabeh (), was a major engagement fought on 21 July 1798, during the French invasion of Egypt. The battle took place near the village of Imbaba, across the Nile River from Cairo, but was named by Napoleon after the Great Pyramid of Giza visible nearly nine miles away. After capturing Alexandria and crossing the desert, the French army, led by General Napoleon Bonaparte, scored a decisive victory against the main army of the local Mamluk rulers, wiping out almost the entire Ottoman army located in Egypt. It was the first battle where Bonaparte personally devised and employed the divisional square tactic to great effect. The deployment of the French brigades into these massive rectangular formations repeatedly threw back multiple cavalry charges of the Mamluks. The victory effectively sealed the French conquest of Egypt as Murad Bey salvaged the remnants of his army, chaotically fleeing to Upper Egypt. French casua ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murad Bey
Murad Bey ( 1750 – 22 April 1801) was an Egyptian Mamluk chieftain (Bey), cavalry commander and joint ruler of Egypt with Ibrahim Bey. He is often remembered as being a cruel and extortionate ruler, but an energetic courageous and fighter. The title given to him, "Bey", denotes an aristocratic status broadly indicative of "Lordship", subject to the cultural norms of the Ottoman Empire. More specifically, the cultural norms of the Egyptian province in the Ottoman Empire, since Egypt enjoyed varying degrees of autonomy throughout the Ottoman period. Biography While many Georgian and foreign historians claim Murad was of Georgian origin and born in Tbilisi,Mikaberidze, Alexander, "Murad Bey", in: Gregory Fremont-Barnes (ed., 2006), ''The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars'', Vol. 2, p. 663. ABC-CLIO, Inc. several others believe he was a Circassian. In 1768, he was sold to the (Circassian) Mamluk Abu al-Dhahab, regent of Ottoman Egypt. After the de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
