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Pycnoporus
''Pycnoporus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. This genus is distinguished from most other polypores because of its brilliant red-orange color. Modern mycology recognizes five distinct species of ''Pycnoporus'': the type '' P. cinnabarinus'', '' P. coccineus'', '' P. palibini'', '' P. puniceus'', and '' P. sanguineus''. These species are divided somewhat by morphology, biogeography, and DNA sequence. Biogeography ''Pycnoporus cinnabarinus'' occurs in cooler, temperate regions within Europe and North America. ''Pycnoporus sanguineus'' occurs in warmer, tropical regions within South America, North America, and Asia. ''Pycnoporus coccineus'' occurs in temperate areas of Australia and New Zealand. ''Pycnoporus puniceus'' is a rare species found in Southeastern Asia and Malaysia. Description Fruiting bodies are typically sessile, corky, slightly tomentose to glaborose. on fallen hardwood logs, but can be on coniferous trees as well. These fungi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnoporus Puniceus
''Pycnoporus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. This genus is distinguished from most other polypores because of its brilliant red-orange color. Modern mycology recognizes five distinct species of ''Pycnoporus'': the type '' P. cinnabarinus'', '' P. coccineus'', '' P. palibini'', '' P. puniceus'', and '' P. sanguineus''. These species are divided somewhat by morphology, biogeography, and DNA sequence. Biogeography ''Pycnoporus cinnabarinus'' occurs in cooler, temperate regions within Europe and North America. ''Pycnoporus sanguineus'' occurs in warmer, tropical regions within South America, North America, and Asia. ''Pycnoporus coccineus'' occurs in temperate areas of Australia and New Zealand. ''Pycnoporus puniceus'' is a rare species found in Southeastern Asia and Malaysia. Description Fruiting bodies are typically sessile, corky, slightly tomentose to glaborose. on fallen hardwood logs, but can be on coniferous trees as well. These fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnoporus Palibini
''Pycnoporus'' is a genus of fungi in the family Polyporaceae. This genus is distinguished from most other polypores because of its brilliant red-orange color. Modern mycology recognizes five distinct species of ''Pycnoporus'': the type '' P. cinnabarinus'', '' P. coccineus'', '' P. palibini'', '' P. puniceus'', and '' P. sanguineus''. These species are divided somewhat by morphology, biogeography, and DNA sequence. Biogeography ''Pycnoporus cinnabarinus'' occurs in cooler, temperate regions within Europe and North America. ''Pycnoporus sanguineus'' occurs in warmer, tropical regions within South America, North America, and Asia. ''Pycnoporus coccineus'' occurs in temperate areas of Australia and New Zealand. ''Pycnoporus puniceus'' is a rare species found in Southeastern Asia and Malaysia. Description Fruiting bodies are typically sessile, corky, slightly tomentose to glaborose. on fallen hardwood logs, but can be on coniferous trees as well. These fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnoporus Coccineus
''Pycnoporus coccineus'' is a saprophytic, white-rot decomposer fungus in the family Polyporaceae. A widely distributed species, the fungus was first described scientifically by Elias Magnus Fries Elias Magnus Fries (15 August 1794 – 8 February 1878) was a Swedish mycologist and botanist. Career Fries was born at Femsjö (Hylte Municipality), Småland, the son of the pastor there. He attended school in Växjö. He acquired ... in 1851. A study conducted by Couturier al et. (2015) concluded that the combined analysis of sugar and solid residues showed the suitability of ''P. coccineus'' secreted enzymes for softwood degradation. ''P. coccineus'' is a promising model to better understand the challenges of softwood biomass deconstruction and its use in biorefinery processes. References External links Aboriginal use of fungi, from Australian National Botanic Gardens Fungi described in 1851 Fungi of Asia Fungi of Australia Fungi of Europe Fungi of New Zea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnoporus Sanguineus
''Pycnoporus sanguineus'' is a white rot saprobic fungus. It was discovered on Guana Island (part of the Virgin Islands) but occurs throughout the tropics and subtropics, usually growing on dead hardwoods. It grows in the form of a thin dry conk with a lateral attachment to its substrate Substrate may refer to: Physical layers *Substrate (biology), the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached ** Substrate (locomotion), the surface over which an organism lo ..., or sometimes a very short stipe. The cap is orange-red to orange, lightening to salmon/buff in age. It has concentric zonation, and is finely tomentose to nearly glabrous. The pores on the underside are round, measuring 5-6 per mm with tubes up to 2mm deep. It is inedible due to its tough texture. It is also a tree pathogen infecting species of Platanus and Mangifera. Description ''Pycnoporus sanguineus'' is used for both industrial an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pycnoporus Cinnabarinus
''Pycnoporus cinnabarinus'', also known as the cinnabar polypore, is a saprophytic, white-rot decomposer. Its fruit body In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the Ovary (plants), ovary after flowering plant, flowering. Fruits are the means by which flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) disseminate their ... is a bright orange shelf fungus. It is common in many areas and is widely distributed throughout the world. It is inedible. It produces cinnabarinic acid to protect itself from bacteria.Eggert C. Laccase-catalyzed formation of cinnabarinic acid is responsible for antibacterial activity of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. ''Microbiol Res''. 1997;152(3):315-318. The stipe and the pore surface had a positive reaction with potassium hydroxide. References Fungi described in 1776 Inedible fungi Polyporaceae Fungus species {{plant-disease-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyporaceae
The Polyporaceae are a family of poroid fungi belonging to the Basidiomycota. The flesh of their fruit bodies varies from soft (as in the case of the dryad's saddle illustrated) to very tough. Most members of this family have their hymenium (fertile layer) in vertical pores on the underside of the caps, but some of them have gills (e.g. ''Panus'') or gill-like structures (such as ''Daedaleopsis'', whose elongated pores form a corky labyrinth). Many species are brackets, but others have a definite stipe – for example, '' Polyporus badius''. Most of these fungi have white spore powder but members of the genus '' Abundisporus'' have colored spores and produce yellowish spore prints. Cystidia are absent. Taxonomy In his 1838 work ''Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici seu Synopsis Hymenomycetum'', Elias Magnus Fries introduced the "Polyporei". August Corda published the name validly the following year, retaining Fries's concept. American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petter Karsten
Petter Adolf Karsten (16 February 1834 – 22 March 1917) was a Finnish mycologist, the foremost expert on the fungi of Finland in his day, and known in consequence as the "father of Finnish mycology". Karsten was born in Merimasku near Turku, studied at the University of Helsinki, and then moved to the inland of Tammela, where he spent most of his life with teaching botany and doing research at the Mustiala Agriculture Institute (now the Faculty of Agriculture of the HAMK University of Applied Sciences). He amassed a vast collection, both by his own efforts and those of his correspondents, and named about 200 new genera and 2,000 new species. In his mycological studies he extensively used the microscope and can be considered as the pioneer of fungal microscopy. ''Karstenia'', the international journal of mycology published by the Finnish Mycological Society, is dedicated to Karsten. Honours In 1885, botanist Elias Magnus Fries published ''Karstenia'' is a genus of fungi in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White Rot
A wood-decay or xylophagous fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot. Some species of wood-decay fungi attack dead wood, such as brown rot, and some, such as ''Armillaria'' (honey fungus), are parasitic and colonize living trees. Excessive moisture above the fibre saturation point in wood is required for fungal colonization and proliferation. In nature, this process causes the breakdown of complex molecules and leads to the return of nutrients to the soil. Wood-decay fungi consume wood in various ways; for example, some attack the carbohydrates in wood and some others decay lignin. The rate of decay of wooden materials in various climates can be estimated by empirical models.Viitanen, T. et al. (2010). Towards modelling of decay risk of wooden materials. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 68:303-313. Wood-decay fungi can be classified according to the type of decay that they cause. The best-known types are brown rot, soft rot, and whit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lignin
Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants. Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. Chemically, lignins are polymers made by cross-linking phenolic precursors. History Lignin was first mentioned in 1813 by the Swiss botanist A. P. de Candolle, who described it as a fibrous, tasteless material, insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in weak alkaline solutions, and which can be precipitated from solution using acid. He named the substance “lignine”, which is derived from the Latin word '' lignum'', meaning wood. It is one of the most abundant organic polymers on Earth, exceeded only by cellulose. Lignin constitutes 30% of non-fossil organic carbon on Earth, and 20 to 35% of the dry mass of wood. Lignin is present in red algae, which suggest that the common ancestor of plants and red algae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polysaccharides
Polysaccharides (), or polycarbohydrates, are the most abundant carbohydrates found in food. They are long chain polymeric carbohydrates composed of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages. This carbohydrate can react with water (hydrolysis) using amylase enzymes as catalyst, which produces constituent sugars (monosaccharides, or oligosaccharides). They range in structure from linear to highly branched. Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen and galactogen and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitin. Polysaccharides are often quite heterogeneous, containing slight modifications of the repeating unit. Depending on the structure, these macromolecules can have distinct properties from their monosaccharide building blocks. They may be amorphous or even insoluble in water. When all the monosaccharides in a polysaccharide are the same type, the polysaccharide is called a homopolysaccharide or homoglycan, but when more t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. Metabolic pathways depend upon enzymes to catalyze individual steps. The study of enzymes is called ''enzymology'' and the field of pseudoenzyme analysis recognizes that during evolution, some enzymes have lost the ability to carry out biological catalysis, which is often reflected in their amino acid sequences and unusual 'pseudocatalytic' properties. Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Other biocatalysts are catalytic RNA molecules, called ribozymes. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures. Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the reaction ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aromatic Compound
Aromatic compounds, also known as "mono- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons", are organic compounds containing one or more aromatic rings. The parent member of aromatic compounds is benzene. The word "aromatic" originates from the past grouping of molecules based on smell, before their general chemical properties are understood. The current definition of aromatic compounds does not have any relation with their smell. Heteroarenes are closely related, since at least one carbon atom of CH group is replaced by one of the heteroatoms oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one nitrogen atom. Hydrocarbons without an aromatic ring are called Aliphatic compound, aliphatic. Benzene ring model Benzene, C6H6, is the least complex aromatic hydrocarbon, and it was the fir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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