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Pulo Di Altamura
Pulo di Altamura is a doline located on the Murge plateau ( Apulia, Italy). It is the largest doline in that region and it is located about north-west of the city of Altamura. It shares the local toponym ''pulo'' with other large dolines of the region, i.e. ''Pulicchio di Gravina'', ''Pulo di Molfetta'' and ''Pulicchio di Toritto''. Dimensions The perimeter, measured on the edge of the doline, is around . The larger diameter is abit bigger than and it is never lower than . The depth is around . Etymology The etymology of toponym ''pulo'' is currently unknown. It is used only in the Murge plateau to denote a doline, while it is unused in other regions of Apulia. The term is also used for the nearby dolines Pulo di Molfetta, Pulicchio di Gravina and Pulicchio di Toritto (''pulicchio'' means small ''pulo''), and it is attested as early as in the 17th century, since Domenico Santoro in 1688 wrote "luogo detto dalli Cittadini lo Pulo" (place called by Altamura people 'Pulo') ...
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Altamura
Altamura (, ; nap, label=Bari dialect, Barese, Ialtamùre) is a town and ''comune'' of Apulia, in southern Italy. It is located on one of the hills of the Altopiano delle Murge, Murge plateau in the Metropolitan City of Bari, southwest of Bari, close to the border with Basilicata. , its population amounts to 70,595 inhabitants. The city is known for its particular quality of bread called Pane di Altamura, which is sold in numerous other Italian cities. The 130,000-year-old calcified Altamura Man was discovered in 1993 in the nearby limestone cave called ''grotta di Lamalunga''. History The area of modern Altamura was densely inhabited in the Bronze Age (La Croce settlement and necropolis). The region contains some fifty Tumulus, tumuli. Between the 6th and the 3rd century BC a massive line of megalithic walls was erected, traces of which are still visible in some areas of the city. Ancient city The city was inhabited until around the tenth century AD. Then it was reporte ...
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Giuseppe Maria Giovene
Giuseppe Maria Giovene (23 January 1753 – 2 January 1837) was an Italian archpriest, naturalist, agronomist, geologist, meteorologist, entomologist and ichthyologist. elogio-storico, pag. 9, note 8 He is best known for his studies on the "nitrosity" of Pulo di Molfetta, which made him famous abroad, so as to be cited and appreciated by many Italian and foreign scholars, including Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann in a French publication. His scientific research, mainly focused agronomy, botany and meteorology, were not just theoretical and aimed at the mere research of natural phenomena, but their goal was to develop and improve agriculture in the Kingdom of Naples; this was a common feature of the scientific works of the earliest scientists of the Kingdom of Naples. He was member of many academies, among which the '' Società italiana delle scienze'' and, because of his being a polymath, he's been described as an "encyclopaedic mind". He was also a clergyman, and he he ...
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Gurio Lamanna
Gurio Lamanna (also incorrectly called Gurlamanna) is a doline shaped like a coat of arms located in the Murge plateau and falling into Gravina in Puglia's territory, on the border with Altamura, Apulia, southern Italy. It is "one of the largest karst landforms of the Murge plateau" C. Colamonico (1917), p. 21 and it is located very close to other two dolines, namely Pulicchio di Gravina and Tre Paduli. Depending on the type of geomorphologic classification employed and the author who suggested it, the karst landform can be defined either a doline or a "karst basin" ( it, bacino carsico). It is traditionally called "karst basin", following the suggestion of Carmelo Colamonico, who first studied the doline and saw in its large size and shallow depth a good reason to distinguish it from a normal doline. C. Colamonico (1917), p. 22 The definition of "karst basin", used by Carmelo Colamonico, has been introduced by Renato Biasutti. Carmelo Colamonico stated that Gurio Lamanna i ...
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Pulo Di Molfetta
Pulo di Molfetta is a doline located on the Murge plateau, in Apulia, southern Italy, around south-west of the city of Molfetta. It originated due to the collapse of the ceiling of one or more caves. It shares the local toponym ''pulo'' with other large dolines of the region, i.e. ''Pulicchio di Gravina'', ''Pulo di Molfetta'' and ''Pulicchio di Toritto''. See also * Pulo di Altamura * Pulicchio di Gravina * Gurio Lamanna * Molfetta Molfetta (; Molfettese: ) is a town located in the northern side of the Metropolitan City of Bari, Apulia, southern Italy. It has a well restored old city, and its own dialect. History The earliest local signs of permanent habitation are a ... Sources * {{Cite book, title=Storie inedite della città di Altamura , first=Tommaso , last=Berloco , year=1985 , publisher=ATA - Associazione Turistica Altamurana Pro Loco , url=https://www.scribd.com/document/371395521/Tommaso-Berloco-Storie-inedite-della-citta-di-Altamura , ref=storie-inedite ...
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Pulicchio Di Gravina
Pulicchio di Gravina (in the local dialect ''Pulícchie'' or ''Pulidde'') is the second-largest doline in the Murge plateau (in Apulia, southern Italy) after Pulo di Altamura. It falls into the territory of Gravina in Puglia, being located about north of the latter, close to the border with Altamura's territory. It shares the local toponym ''pulo'' with other large dolines of the region, i.e. Pulo di Altamura, Pulo di Molfetta and Pulicchio di Toritto. The doline is very close to other two karst landforms, Gurio Lamanna and Tre Paduli. Dimensions The doline is shaped like an egg and it is highly regular, with the slope almost constant on all its sides (as shown on the map's level curves). The biggest length (in direction NNW-SE) is equal to . The doline is somewhat wider in the northern part () than in the southern part (). Its perimeter is approximately , while the maximum depth is . The lowest point has height from the sea level. Therefore, the doline turns out to be ...
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Subsidence
Subsidence is a general term for downward vertical movement of the Earth's surface, which can be caused by both natural processes and human activities. Subsidence involves little or no horizontal movement, which distinguishes it from slope movement. Processes that lead to subsidence include dissolution of underlying carbonate rock by groundwater; gradual compaction of sediments; withdrawal of fluid lava from beneath a solidified crust of rock; mining; pumping of subsurface fluids, such as groundwater or petroleum; or warping of the Earth's crust by tectonic forces. Subsidence resulting from tectonic deformation of the crust is known as tectonic subsidence and can create accommodation for sediments to accumulate and eventually lithify into sedimentary rock. Ground subsidence is of global concern to geologists, geotechnical engineers, surveyors, engineers, urban planners, landowners, and the public in general.National Research Council, 1991. ''Mitigating losses from land ...
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Pseudoscientific
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method. Pseudoscience is often characterized by contradictory, exaggerated or unfalsifiable claims; reliance on confirmation bias rather than rigorous attempts at refutation; lack of openness to evaluation by other experts; absence of systematic practices when developing hypotheses; and continued adherence long after the pseudoscientific hypotheses have been experimentally discredited. The demarcation between science and pseudoscience has scientific, philosophical, and political implications. Philosophers debate the nature of science and the general criteria for drawing the line between scientific theories and pseudoscientific beliefs, but there is general agreement on examples such as ancient astronauts, climate change denial, dowsing, evolution denial, Holocaust denialism, astrology, alchemy, alternative medicine, occultis ...
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Carmelo Colamonico
Vito Carmelo Colamonico (27 July 1882 – 31 December 1973) was an Italian ''geographer'', ''geologist'' and scholar. His works include studies on some karst dolines and landforms of Italy, such as Pulo di Altamura, Pulicchio di Gravina and Gurio Lamanna. Biography Carmelo Colamonico was born in Acquaviva delle Fonti, in the historic city center, near the church of Sant'Agostino. He attended the classical lyceum in Gioia del Colle, with historian Antonio Lucarelli as a literature teacher. He graduated in Italian literature at the University of Naples in 1905 with a dissertation on Apulia's geography. During his university years, he became an assistant to Professor Filippo Porena, one of the most prominent geographers at that time, who encouraged him because of his intelligence. Returned from Naples, he actively participated in the social and political life of the town, becoming a councilor for public education. He taught in the classical lyceum of Gioia del Colle and some ...
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